Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Beliefs And Behaviors Regarding Substance Use And Hiv Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm) In A Mid-Sized U.S. Community, David A. Patterson Silver Wolf (Adelv Unegv Waya) Phd, Martin Hall Mssw, Seana Golder Phd

Brown School Faculty Publications

This paper explores the beliefs and behaviors surrounding substance use and HIV risk among a convenience sample of 98 MSM in a mid-size community located in the central U.S. Several interesting patterns were identified in the descriptive analyses. Multivariate analysis identified two variables, belief that recreational drug use made sexual experiences better and reports that most MSM friends drank alcohol or took recreational drugs that were significant predictors of engagement in substance using behavior. Models accounted for 24% of the variance in drinking behavior and 15% of the variance in drug using behavior. Suggestions for HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention and …

Drug Abuse Treatment Beyond Prison Walls, Carl Leukefeld, Carrie B. Oser, Jennifer Havens, Michele Staton Tindall, Jennifer Mooney, Jamieson B. Duvall, Hannah Knudsen

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

The period surrounding release from prison is a critical time for parolees, bearing the potential for a drug-free and crime-free life in the community but also high risks for recidivism and relapse to drugs. The authors describe two projects. The first illustrates the use of a formal Delphi process to elicit and combine the expertise of treatment providers, researchers, corrections personnel, and other stakeholders in a set of statewide guidelines for facilitating re-entry. The second project is a six-session intervention to enable women to protect themselves against acquiring or transmitting HIV in their intimate relationships.

Trastorno Bipolar En Los Niños: Hechos Actuales [Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Actual Facts], Víctor M. Joffre-Velázquez, Gerardo García-Maldonado, Atenogenes H. Saldívar-González, Roberto A. Cruz

School of Medicine Publications

A general review of clinical reports about the pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) published in the last 10 year was done, but we included some before that. Data was obtained in the bases PubMed, EbscoHost and OvidSP, using as key words: bipolar disorder, pediatric, children, adolescent and early onset. We select the reports clinical issues of special interest for the diagnosis and treatment and epidemiological reports related to PBD and we had particular care in select those with a good methodology. It was documented that the PBD has being diagnosed more often when good clinic and clinimetric tools are used. Imaging …

Treatment Resistant Depression, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Motivation To Self-Harm In Middle Childhood: Relationship To Emotional Symptomotology And Home Environment, Tara K. Cossel, Natasha Elkovitch, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Presentations

Self-harm in childhood is an important, though neglected area of empirical research. Research has, however, investigated the emotional and environmental factors associated with self-harm in adolescent and adult populations. This research provides a foundation from which to investigate desire to self-harm in child populations.

With regard to emotional factors, self-injurers report having a negative affect they wish to avoid (Polk & Liss, 2007). Further, distraction from emotional pain has been identified as the most prevalent motivation for self-harm across genders (Swannell, Martin, Scott, Gibbons, & Gifford, 2008). Briere and Gil (1998) found self-injury is used in an attempt to decrease …

Avoidance-Suppressing Effect Of Antipsychotic Drugs Is Progressively Potentiated After Repeated Administration: An Interoceptive Drug State Mechanism, Alexa Lucille Mead, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Antipsychotic drugs selectively suppress conditioned avoidance response. Using a two-way active avoidance response paradigm, we examined the role of drug-induced interoceptive state in the mediation of avoidance-suppressive effect. In Experiment 1, we found that rats intermittently treated with olanzapine (OLZ) (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or haloperidol (0.03 mg/kg, s.c.) on the 1st day of a 3-day cycle for seven cycles exhibited a progressive across-session decline in avoidance responding, despite the fact that they exhibited a comparable high level of avoidance responding on the 3rd day of each cycle during the drug-free retraining session. In Experiments 2 and 3, rats that were …

What Matters, And What Matters Most, For Change In Life Satisfaction In The Oldest-Old? A Study Over 6 Years Among Individuals 80+, Anne Ingeborg Berg, Lesa Hoffman, Linda Björk Hassing, Gerald M. Mcclearn, Boo Johansson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: The study investigates whether markers of life satisfaction identified in a cross-sectional study – quality of social network, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, locus of control and widowhood, in addition to financial satisfaction and the personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism - predict change in life satisfaction (LSI-Z) across four measurement occasions during a 6-year period in individuals aged 80+. Method: Data were drawn from the Swedish OCTO-Twin-study of individuals aged 80 and older. Results: Growth curve analysis showed a relatively consistent significant linear decline in life satisfaction, but certain markers predicted change in life satisfaction. The …

Emergency Commitment Of Very Young Children, Annette Christy, Brittany Handelsman

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Dynamic Nature Of Knowledge: Insights From A Dynamic Field Model Of Children’S Novel Noun Generalization, Larissa K. Samuelson, Anne R. Schutte, Jessica S. Horst

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This paper examines the tie between knowledge and behavior in a noun generalization context. An experiment directly comparing noun generalizations of children at the same point in development in forced-choice and yes/no tasks reveals task-specific differences in the way children’s knowledge of nominal categories is brought to bear in a moment. To understand the cognitive system that produced these differences, the real-time decision processes in these tasks were instantiated in a dynamic field model. The model captures both qualitative and quantitative differences in performance across tasks and reveals constraints on the nature of children’s accumulated knowledge. Additional simulations of developmental …

The Prevalence And Determinants Of Health Risk Behaviors Among High School Students In Mexico, Nellie León

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that despite health promotion efforts, adolescents continue to engage in behaviors that put them at risk for morbidity and mortality. Alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, smoking, and risky sexual behaviors are among the behaviors that contribute to leading causes of morbidity and mortality in youth; these four behaviors were explored in this study. An observational cross-sectional design was utilized. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was utilized to assess the prevalence of the four risk behaviors among high school students in Jalisco, Mexico. Items constructed …

Olanzapine And Risperidone Disrupt Conditioned Avoidance Responding In Phencyclidine-Pretreated Or Amphetamine-Pretreated Rats By Selectively Weakening Motivational Salience Of Conditioned Stimulus, Ming Li, Wei He, Alexa Mead

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The rat conditioned avoidance response model is a well-established preclinical behavioral model predictive of antipsychotic efficacy. All clinically approved antipsychotic drugs disrupt conditioned avoidance responding – a feature that distinguishes them from other psychotherapeutics. We previously showed that the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol disrupts avoidance responding by progressively attenuating the motivational salience of the conditioned stimulus (CS) in normal rats. In this study, using two pharmacological rat models of schizophrenia [e.g. phencyclidine (PCP) or amphetamine sensitization], we examined whether atypicals such as olanzapine or risperidone disrupt avoidance responding through the same behavioral mechanism. Rats were first pretreated with PCP, amphetamine, …

Relationships Among Loneliness, Interpersonal Dependency, And Disordered Eating In Young Adults, Mary Pritchard, Kyra L. Yalch

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous studies on loneliness and interpersonal dependency suggest a shared relation with eating disorders. Previous findings of the relation of interpersonal dependency with eating disorders may have misestimated the importance of interpersonal dependency by not including loneliness. Measures of loneliness, interpersonal dependency, and disordered eating (drive for thinness, bulimic symptoms, body dissatisfaction) were given to 176 college students. Mediation models were used to test the relative influence of interpersonal dependency and loneliness on body dissatisfaction. Loneliness mediated the relation between interpersonal dependency and body dissatisfaction; no other mediation models could be tested.

Acquired Appetitive Responding To Intravenous Nicotine Reflects A Pavlovian Conditioned Association, Jennifer E. Murray, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Recent research examining Pavlovian appetitive conditioning has extended the associative properties of nicotine from the unconditioned stimulus or reward to include the role of a conditional stimulus (CS), capable of acquiring the ability to evoke a conditioned response. To date, published research has used presession extravascular injections to examine nicotine as a contextual CS in that appetitive Pavlovian drug discrimination task. Two studies in the current research examined whether a nicotine CS can function discretely, multiple times within a session using passive iv infusions. In Experiment 1, rats readily acquired a discrimination in conditioned responding between nicotine and saline infusions …

The Future (Or Lack Of Future) Of Personalized Prescription In Psychiatry, Jose De Leon

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Rapid technological advances in genetics have created conceptual chaos regarding the genetics of drug response. Terms for differing concepts are used interchangeably: pharmacogenetics with pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine with personalized prescription. Biomarker has many definitions. The author prefers the concept of personalized prescription and uses it with implications beyond pharmacogenetics by considering all scientific information valid for prescribing medication. Genetics may not be crucial for all drugs. In this comprehensive view, clinicians must consider genetic, environmental and personal variables when prescribing medication and incorporate some basic pharmacological principles: (1) safety and efficacy, (2) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, (3) therapeutic window and prescriber's …

Stigma And Discrimination In Schizophrenia, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

Title: Stigma and Discrimination: The Mumbai Experience Main Author: Amresh Shrivastava MD, DPM, MRCPsych, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Co-Authors: Gopa Sarkhel, MA, Iyer Sunita MA, Thakar Meghana MA, Shah Nilesh, MD, DPM Address of Presenter: Executive Director, Mental health foundation of India (PRERANA Charitable Trust) Mumbai, India; Currently at Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Address: Regional mental health care, 467 Sunset Drive, St. Thomas, N5N 3V9, St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada Phone: 1-5196318510; Fax: 1-519-631-2512. E-mail: [email protected] Background: People with schizophrenia suffer from stigma and discrimination to a great extent, and this …

Identifying Schizophrenia: Paradigm Shift ‘The Uhr Research’, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Treating Chronic Depression, Gary A. Sibcy

Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Simulation Results For Highlighting Runway Safety Critical Information On Cockpit Displays Of Traffic Information, Peter Moertl

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This paper describes the results of a human in the loop simulation that evaluated enhancements to a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI). Runway safety critical information was highlighted on the CDTI to facilitate flight crew situation awareness and conflict detection for different groups of pilots (General Aviation and commercial) and under different operational settings (crew and single pilot). The evaluated CDTI enhancements are currently being defined by RTCA Special Committee 186 and based on the use of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). The results suggest that highlighting of certain traffic relevant information is promising to increase pilot’s hazard detection over …

The Coming Paradigm-Shift In Maintenance: From Metals To Composites, Alan Hobbs, Connie Brasil, Barbara Kanki

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the current maintenance practices of airline operators in the detection and repair of damage to composite structures, with the aim of learning lessons that will be applicable to the maintenance of future advanced composite airplanes. A process map was created to capture the events and activities that occur from the moment a damage event occurs, through damage detection, assessment and repair. The study is identifying areas where operational risks may negatively impact the process, where personnel are required to make judgments in the absence of procedural guidance, and areas where future tools …

Nextgen Flight Deck Human Factors Issues, Ken Funk, Robert Mauro, Immanuel Barshi

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This paper describes a project to compile, from a literature review and preliminary analyses, an initial but reasonably comprehensive list of NextGen flight deck human factors issues. It describes the methodology that was used, presents representative issues from the list that resulted, and makes recommendations to continue work to update the list and use it as the basis for suggested NextGen flight deck standards and design requirements.

Modeling The Effects Of Hud Visual Properties And Configurations On A Multi-Dimensional Measure Of Clutter, Sang-Hwan Kim, David B. Kaber, Karl Kaufmann, Theo Veil, Amy L. Alexander, Emily M. Stelzer, Lawrence J. Prinzel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The objectives of this study were to: validate a multidimensional measure of display clutter for advanced head-up displays (HUDs) incorporating enhanced and synthetic vision systems (EVS/SVS); assess the influence of HUD configuration on pilot perceptions of display clutter and flight performance; and model clutter scores in terms of visual display properties. Eighteen pilots flew a flight simulator in a landing approach using three different sets of HUD configurations (low, medium, or high clutter). Pilot ratings of overall display clutter and its underlying dimensions were recorded along with flight performance measures (deviations from localizer, glideslope, altitude and approach speed). A display …

Design Of An Ecological Vertical Separation Assistance Cockpit Display, F. M. Heylen, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A tactical navigation support tool was designed to effectively deal with conflict situations in the vertical plane, while preserving travel freedom as much as possible. Based on Ecological Interface Design principles, the Vertical Separation Assistance Display is developed as an extension to the existing Vertical Situation Display. Functional information is presented via overlays that show pilots how their vertical maneuvering possibilities are constrained by ownship performance, and by limits imposed by surrounding traffic. A questionnaire-based evaluation shows that the ecological overlays considerably improved pilot traffic awareness in vertical conflict situations.

Team Workload: A Construct Worth Pursuing?, Gregory J. Funke, Benjamin A. Knott, Scott M. Galster, Rebecca D. Brown

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

To date, little research has been conducted on the workload experienced by teams. Attempts to evaluate team workload have typically relied upon validated measures of individual workload, but this approach may not adequately capture the drivers of team workload. Data from three previous research experiments were reexamined using hierarchical multiple regression in the present analysis. Each of the experiments assessed individual and team workload, though the measures employed differed in each. The goal was to investigate whether addition of team workload measures improved prediction of team performance after variance associated with experimental manipulations and individual workload had been removed. Results …

Family Factors Influencing Female Aerospace Student’S Choice Of Major, Gail Zlotky, Wendy S. Beckman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In an effort to understand the factors that influence female student choice of an aviation career, a qualitative study was undertaken. Female Aerospace students at Middle Tennessee State University were interviewed to determine if there were common factors that encouraged them to pursue education in aviation. A content analysis of the interviews was performed, and the most commonly cited factor was having parents who were supportive of education. It was noteworthy that the majority of interviewed students did not have parents who specifically encouraged aviation as a course of study, but instead were open to their daughter pursuing a career …

Determinants Of Conflict Risk Judgments In Air Traffic Control, Stéphanie Stankovic, Esa Rantanen, Nicolas Ponomarenko, Shayne Loft

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of conflict risk judgments in air traffic control. Fourteen expert controllers made conflict risk judgments about air traffic situations in which three variables (conflict geometry, time of closest point of approach or TCPA, and vertical separation between aircraft) were manipulated. The results indicate that conflict geometry, TCPA, and the vertical separation between aircraft significantly influenced judgments of conflict risk. In addition, there was a significant interaction between these three variables. Risk perception was largest under conditions where aircraft were on the same headings, with short TCPA, and no minimum vertical …

Design And Evaluation Of A Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (Cpdlc) Interface, John Fugedy, Emmanuel Letsu-Dake Phd, Dave Pepitone Phd, Joe Rakolta, Craig Schimmel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Data link communications will, for the most part, replace voice communications between aircraft and air traffic control (ATC) systems in Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). One goal in implementing data link communications is to establish Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) procedures, logic and page designs with existing equipment that will maximize total system-pilot efficiency. A new message menu tree index was developed to provide quick and easy access to all CPDLC messages (uplinks and downlinks as defined by RTCA SC-214). Page formats were also developed to minimize errors and enhance the efficiency of pilots in data link communications. …

Stress Training Efficacy In An Aviation Context, Christopher K. Mcclernon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Stress is regularly introduced in training to prepare troops for stressful environments and situations, although there is very little empirical evidence for stress training's effectiveness, implementation and pedagogy. Twenty novice participants were recruited and assigned to either a stress-trained (cold pressor), treatment group or a control group. Stress training was effective at improving the treatment group’s performance during a final criterion session on an aircraft navigation task compared to the control group. In addition, the stress-trained group showed lower criterion heart rate variability, skin conductance, and subjective stress ratings compared to the control group. This research demonstrates stress training as …

Applied Threat And Error Management: Toward Crew-Centered Solutions, Eric E. Geiselman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

For an operator, a high level of understanding regarding procedures enables appropriate defenses to be built into a robust Threat and Error Management (TEM) framework. Currently, airline flightdeck crewmember training and reference information is concentrated heavily on what and how procedures are performed, but not on why they must be performed a standard way. This missing component of certainty invites misinterpretation of the standards and induces error. I propose a Crew-Centered TEM (CC/TEM) approach designed to arm flight crewmembers with more depth of procedural understanding than that currently afforded. A recent accident where human error was identified as a probable …

Maneuver Stereotypes In Airborne Conflict Resolutions, Esa M. Rantanen, Christopher D. Wickens, David Keller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The roles and responsibilities of air traffic controllers and pilots are shifting in the advent of the NextGen air traffic management infrastructure, which also involves high levels of automation. It is important to understand just how large departures from the current ingrained practices the NextGen procedures represent, particularly in extremely safetycritical tasks such as airborne conflict resolutions. Pilots’ conflict resolution maneuver preferences have received some attention, but corresponding research on air traffic controllers’ practices is almost nonexistent. We analyzed 87 samples of aircraft track data involving conflict alerts and subsequent resolution maneuvers from Atlanta center. Vertical conflict resolution maneuvers were …

Performance Visualization Method Of Air Traffic Control Tasks For Educational Purpose With Utilizing Cognitive System Simulation, Daisuke Karikawa, Hisae Aoyama, Makoto Takahashi, Kazuo Furuta

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In the dynamic and multi-task condition of air traffic control, an Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) must utilize effective strategies to control traffic to prevent potential collision of aircraft and also to reduce his cognitive workload. Therefore, the strategy building skill of an ATCO is quite important for aviation safety and efficiency. In the present research, for supporting education of strategy building, a function which can visualize the difference of task performance has been implemented into the Air Traffic Controller Cognitive Simulation (ATCCS). Using this function, the effect of ATCO’s control on air traffic flow has been successfully visualized, which helps …