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Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology
Training Interventions To Reduce Air Force Predator Mishaps, Robert Nullmeyer, Gregg Montijo
Training Interventions To Reduce Air Force Predator Mishaps, Robert Nullmeyer, Gregg Montijo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) is expanding rapidly. In military operations, this increased use has been accompanied by relatively high mishap rates compared with rates across more mature manned aircraft. These higher rates led to multiple high-level reviews of unmanned operations, but surprisingly little consensus emerged across reports regarding root causes. To help close this gap, Air Force Predator Class A mishap reports through FY 2008 were analyzed in detail. Mishap rates, counts, and causal factors appeared to shift systematically over time, with an increase in mishap reports citing shortfalls in several skill and knowledge areas in FY …
Contribution Of High-Frequency Eeg Features To Physiogicallybased Operator Workload Estimation, Jason W. Monnin, Justin R. Estepp
Contribution Of High-Frequency Eeg Features To Physiogicallybased Operator Workload Estimation, Jason W. Monnin, Justin R. Estepp
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Physiologically-based cognitive workload assessment can discriminate changing levels of operator functional state in complex task environments. In this paradigm, electroencephalography (EEG) is a commonly used physiological measure. Spectral power in clinical frequency bands is used to derive features to train an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier to recognize changes in cognitive workload. Recent research has suggested that power in high frequency bands may be influenced by electromyographic artifact. In a previous study, nineteen channels of EEG were recorded (from 10 participants) during a complex uninhabited air vehicle (UAV) control simulation in which task difficulty was manipulated to induce changes in …
The 787 Vertical Situation Display Human Factors Evaluation Enhancements To Flight Path Awareness, Jason Hammack, Julianne Fox Cummings, Jean Crane
The 787 Vertical Situation Display Human Factors Evaluation Enhancements To Flight Path Awareness, Jason Hammack, Julianne Fox Cummings, Jean Crane
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
A two-phased focused evaluation was run to validate the design implementation of the 787 Vertical Situation Display (VSD), using static and dynamic scenarios in a prototype flight deck. Pilot feedback and pilot questionnaire data were recorded and videotaped for analysis. The validation testing results suggest that overall an effective implementation has been designed. There was one area where issues were found that necessitated requirement changes. The mode transition logic (during takeoff) was redesigned and additional validation testing was conducted to ensure acceptability.
Automation Dependency Under Time Pressure, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Gayle Hunt, David Trafimow
Automation Dependency Under Time Pressure, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Gayle Hunt, David Trafimow
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Previous research has identified many factors that affect human dependence on automated systems. Some of these factors include automation reliability, types of errors, and training. This study introduces a new factor, time pressure, which is directly related to operator dependence on automated aids. Participants were asked to perform a simulated UAV target-detection task with the aid of diagnostic automation. Two factors were manipulated in this study: reliability of the automation and time pressure. The results indicate that participants faced with time pressure were more likely to depend on the automation than participants who had more time to evaluate the recommendations. …
Speech Synthesis For Data Link: A Study Of Overall Quality And Comprehension Effort, Martine Godfroy, Durand R. Begault, Elizabeth M. Wenzel
Speech Synthesis For Data Link: A Study Of Overall Quality And Comprehension Effort, Martine Godfroy, Durand R. Begault, Elizabeth M. Wenzel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
This study investigated subjective preference for synthesized “spoken data link” messages to provide initial design guidance for communication displays in the context of NextGen (Next Generation Air Transport System) operations. Ratings of Overall Quality and Comprehension Effort were obtained as a function of voice type, synthesized speech rate, and sentence prosody. Rank-order data analyses showed that both Overall Quality and Comprehension Effort were affected by speech rate: under the “Fast Rate” condition (vs. “Default Rate”), Overall Quality decreases and Comprehension Effort increases. However, the introduction of “Prosodic Emphasis” (pitch and level changes for specific phrases) in Fast Rate sentences produced …
Ecological Synthetic Vision Display To Support Pilot Terrain Awareness, C. Borst, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen
Ecological Synthetic Vision Display To Support Pilot Terrain Awareness, C. Borst, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
A Synthetic Vision Display is generally believed to support pilot terrain awareness. Many studies have shown, however, that perspective views are biased, which can cause pilots to make judgment errors regarding the relative location, height, and ultimately the avoidance of terrain obstacles. Therefore, this system is usually backed by terrain avoidance systems that provide explicit resolutions to circumvent conflicts. They are, however, far from optimal regarding terrain awareness as they fail to present the rationale of the automation. This paper presents an extension to a Synthetic Vision Display that promotes pilot terrain awareness by means of overlays that reveal the …
Providing Evidence Of A Multiple-Process Model Of Trust In Automation, Stephen Rice, Gayle Hunt
Providing Evidence Of A Multiple-Process Model Of Trust In Automation, Stephen Rice, Gayle Hunt
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
This study focuses on the effects of human responses to computer automation aids. Previous research has shown that different types of automation errors (false alarms and misses) affect human trust in different ways. False alarms tend to negatively affect operator compliance, whereas misses tend to negatively affect operator reliance. Participants were asked to determine whether an enemy target was present or absent in a series of images, a task similar to what a UAV operator might be asked to perform. A diagnostic aid provided recommendations before participants viewed each image. Reliability and type of automation error were manipulated in order …
The Use Of Intraocular Lenses With Advance Aviation Displays., Walter J. Protheroe Jr., Gerald L. Haynes
The Use Of Intraocular Lenses With Advance Aviation Displays., Walter J. Protheroe Jr., Gerald L. Haynes
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
With an aging aviation population, the use of intraocular lenses (IOLs) has become common place throughout the world for correcting vision acuity, cataracts and eye injuries. The material which comprises an IOL will cause a change in spectral sensitivity seen by the recipient. This is most notable in color variations while viewing Advance Aviation Displays. The results reported here are for one specific composition of IOL given to us by the manufacturer, and are assumed to be or have been in wide use. Cost limitations required that we used color correction filters to simulate colorized IOLs (not actual colorized lenses), …
Review Of Safety Reports Involving Electronic Flight Bags, Divya C. Chandra, Andrew Kendra
Review Of Safety Reports Involving Electronic Flight Bags, Divya C. Chandra, Andrew Kendra
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) are a relatively new device used by pilots. Even so, 37 safetyrelated events involving EFBs were identified from the public online Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database as of June 2008. In addition, two accident reports from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) cite EFB as a contributing factor. Underlying EFB issues were ascribed to each ASRS report by the authors based on subject matter expertise. Pilots reported issues such as configuration of the chart display and difficulty using the EFB when they were newly implemented. Both NTSB reports identified use of an EFB for calculation …
What Can A Multidimensional Measure Of Stress Tell Us About Team Collaborative Tools?, Gregory J. Funke, Sheldon M. Russell, Benjamin A. Knott, Brent T. Miller
What Can A Multidimensional Measure Of Stress Tell Us About Team Collaborative Tools?, Gregory J. Funke, Sheldon M. Russell, Benjamin A. Knott, Brent T. Miller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
A substantial body of research literature concerning the effects of collaborative tools on team performance has been generated, but the research has not considered subjective workload and stress associated with tool usage. The current experiment represents an initial, exploratory attempt to characterize the relationship between usage of collaborative tools, mental workload, and the subjective experience of stress. The NASA-TLX and the DSSQ-S were used to assess the workload and stress experienced by participants completing a simulated team command and control task. Task demands and collaborative tool availability were experimentally manipulated. Analysis of the data revealed that participants experienced increases in …
Synthetic And Enhanced Vision System For Altair Lunar Lander, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Lynda J. Kramer, Robert M. Norman, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Steven P. Williams, Kevin J. Shelton, Randall E. Bailey
Synthetic And Enhanced Vision System For Altair Lunar Lander, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Lynda J. Kramer, Robert M. Norman, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Steven P. Williams, Kevin J. Shelton, Randall E. Bailey
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Past research has demonstrated the substantial potential of synthetic and enhanced vision (SV/EV) for aviation (e.g., Prinzel & Wickens, 2009). These augmented visual-based technologies have been shown to significantly enhance situation awareness, reduce workload, enhance aviation safety (e.g., reduced propensity for controlled flight -intoterrain accidents/incidents), and promote flight path control precision. The issues that drove the design and development of synthetic and enhanced vision have commonalities to other application domains; most notably, during entry, descent, and landing on the moon and other planetary surfaces. NASA has extended SV/EV technology for use in planetary exploration vehicles, such as the Altair Lunar …
Towards A Four-Dimensional Separation Assistance Cockpit Display, J. Ellerbroek, M. Visser, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen
Towards A Four-Dimensional Separation Assistance Cockpit Display, J. Ellerbroek, M. Visser, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
An initial design of a tactical navigation support tool is proposed, designed to integrate horizontal and vertical separation assistance tools into one display. A novel representation of the separation problem, based on Ecological Interface Design, presents external conflict and performance constraints on an extended, wide-screen Primary Flight Display. Key issues in the current design are discussed, and an experiment is proposed to evaluate the display concept.
Development Of Proactive Safety Management System For Industrial Fields Based On The Framework Of Aviation Safety Reporting System, Capt. Akira Ishibahsi, Daisuke Karikawa, Toshio Wakabayashi, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura
Development Of Proactive Safety Management System For Industrial Fields Based On The Framework Of Aviation Safety Reporting System, Capt. Akira Ishibahsi, Daisuke Karikawa, Toshio Wakabayashi, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The safety reporting system such as the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) draws attention from various industrial fields as an effective safety management method to prevent further accidents. However, it became apparent that the industrial fields often confront the difficulty of the development and effective operation of safety reporting system due to the differences between aviation and other industrial fields. In this study, an effective safety reporting system for practical use in a conventional industrial field has been developed based on ASRS. Although the detailed evaluation of the proposed safety reporting system is still underway, its effectiveness has been strongly …
Flight Deck Display Technologies For 4dt And Surface Equivalent Visual Operations, Lawrence (Lance) J. Prinzel Iii, Denise R. Jones, Kevin J. Shelton, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Randall E. Bailey, Angela S. Allamandola, David C. Foyle, Becky L. Hooey
Flight Deck Display Technologies For 4dt And Surface Equivalent Visual Operations, Lawrence (Lance) J. Prinzel Iii, Denise R. Jones, Kevin J. Shelton, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Randall E. Bailey, Angela S. Allamandola, David C. Foyle, Becky L. Hooey
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
NASA research is focused on flight deck display technologies that may significantly enhance situation awareness, enable new operating concepts, and reduce the potential for incidents/accidents for terminal area and surface operations. The display technologies include surface map, head-up, and head-worn displays; 4DT guidance algorithms; synthetic and enhanced vision technologies; and terminal maneuvering area traffic conflict detection and alerting systems. This work is critical to ensure that the flight deck interface technologies and the role of the human participants can support the full realization of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and its novel operating concepts.
Near-Term Nextgen And Class 2 Efbs, Thomas L. Seamster Ph.D., Barbara G. Kanki Ph.D.
Near-Term Nextgen And Class 2 Efbs, Thomas L. Seamster Ph.D., Barbara G. Kanki Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
This study is based on data collected at the Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) Advanced Software and Authorization Workshop for US operators currently involved in EFB software evaluation or implementation for their own fleets. With most US operators not taking delivery of new, larger aircraft in the next few years, they are considering ways of displaying near-term NextGen data on board existing aircraft through systems such as the EFB. The workshop collected operator near-term needs in the areas of EFB user interface and standardization and EFB advanced software applications. The analysis of the data collected during the workshop provided a prioritized …
Fatigue And Its Effect On Cabin Crew Member Performance, Stephanie Hide Mas
Fatigue And Its Effect On Cabin Crew Member Performance, Stephanie Hide Mas
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Since 1993, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has stated fatigue was a contributing factor in eight airline catastrophes in the US resulting in 250 fatalities. Many proposals to mitigate fatigue as a safety issue in aviation have been suggested. Those on the NTSB List of Most Wanted Transportation Safety Improvements involve “hours of on-duty work” rules, which provide an essential set of limits on the work day for all transportation workers. However, most fatigue studies have focused on cockpit crew and not on the cabin crew. This report investigates cabin crew members, their scheduled work, rest and sleep times …
Aviation Automation Design And Implementation - The Need For Human Factors Considerations, Karl Fennell, Shawn Pruchnicki, David Mckenney, Helena Reidemar, Kevin Comstock
Aviation Automation Design And Implementation - The Need For Human Factors Considerations, Karl Fennell, Shawn Pruchnicki, David Mckenney, Helena Reidemar, Kevin Comstock
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
This document outlines the Air Line Pilots Association’s (ALPA) aviation automation concerns and expresses the recommendations of both experienced pilots and experts alike. Refer to our statement of position document for additional details at www.ALPA.org under Safety, HFT (Human Factors and Training). Safe and effective aviation automation∗ is only possible when human factors principles are utilized properly. We strongly encourage engineers, regulators, and operators to apply human factors considerations at every stage of aviation automation hardware, software, and procedure design. Occasionally procedures or products are implemented without these considerations. This inattention can make usage problematic and has produced unintended consequences …
Modeling Pilot Cognitive Behavior For Predicting Performance And Workload Effects Of Cockpit Automation, Guk-Ho Gil, David Kaber, Sang-Hwan Kim, Karl Kaufmann, Theo Veil
Modeling Pilot Cognitive Behavior For Predicting Performance And Workload Effects Of Cockpit Automation, Guk-Ho Gil, David Kaber, Sang-Hwan Kim, Karl Kaufmann, Theo Veil
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The objective of this research was to develop a model of pilot cognitive behavior to predict performance and workload while using varying degrees of cockpit automation to serve as a basis for future systems design. A cognitive task analysis (CTA) was conducted on expert pilot performance a flight control panel (FCP), control-display unit (CDU) and flight management system, and an enhanced CDU (CDU+) providing pre-programmed arrivals from air traffic control in a simulated landing and approach task. Cognitive models were developed from the CTA using an enhanced form of the GOMS language, including a set of additional task operators, to …
Using Microsoft Flight Simulator X To Develop Aeronautical Decisionmaking Skills In The Classroom, Wendy S. Beckman, Mark Callender, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett, Wayne Dornon
Using Microsoft Flight Simulator X To Develop Aeronautical Decisionmaking Skills In The Classroom, Wendy S. Beckman, Mark Callender, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett, Wayne Dornon
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
In the Aerospace Department at Middle Tennessee State University, Microsoft Flight Simulator X (MSFSX) is being utilized in the classroom to develop the aeronautical decision-making skills future pilots will need. The utilization of this inexpensive software to create realistic scenarios is discussed and a variety of examples are provided. While working through a scenario, students view either pre-recorded segments of a virtual flight, or participate in real time decision-making as a flight segment is “flown” by the instructor. In either case, students see an aircraft instrument panel and the view outside the windscreen, as they would in flight. The emphasis …
Identifying Psychosocial Factors Associated With Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders In Flight Attendants In A Taiwanese Commercial Airline, Kai-Hui Lee, Li-Hua Kao Ph.D.
Identifying Psychosocial Factors Associated With Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders In Flight Attendants In A Taiwanese Commercial Airline, Kai-Hui Lee, Li-Hua Kao Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Psychosocial factors have the potential for causing psychological or physical harm, perceived psychological demands, job stress, or work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between psychosocial factors including job demands, job control, managerial and colleague support, relationships at work, role conflict, and organizational change, and psychosocial factors, health and the well-being, and WMSDs among flight attendants. A survey, mainly based on the “HSE Indicator Tool” developed by Health and Safety Executive and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), was distributed in 2009 to flight attendants in a Taiwanese commercial airline by convenience sampling. …
High-Fidelity Simulation To Compare The Tower Operations Digital Data System To Flight Progress Strips, Todd R. Truitt Ph.D.
High-Fidelity Simulation To Compare The Tower Operations Digital Data System To Flight Progress Strips, Todd R. Truitt Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The current experiment used a high-fidelity, human-in-the-loop simulation to compare the Tower Operations Digital Data System (TODDS) to paper Flight Progress Strips (FPSs) during zerovisibility Airport Traffic Control Tower operations. Sixteen current controllers participated in groups of two. Each group received touchscreen and TODDS training before completing eight practice and eight test scenarios. The participants worked at both the ground and local control positions under four experimental conditions. The participants used one of four systems – the Integrated TODDS, FPSs with Airport Surface Detection Equipment – Model X, Perceptual- Spatial TODDS, or FPSs only – to control airport traffic. The …
Using Multiple Imperfect Diagnostic Automation, David Keller, Stephen Rice
Using Multiple Imperfect Diagnostic Automation, David Keller, Stephen Rice
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Due to the difficulty of performing multiple tasks, operators in complex environments are often aided by automation. Because automation is not always perfect operators must decide how much to trust in and depend on the automation aids. Theoretically operators can adjust their level of trust using either a component-specific or a system-wide trust strategy. This study tests these two theories. 36 participants monitored two gauges, each with an automated aid at different reliability levels, while engaged in a pursuit tracking task that simulated an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mission flight. The data suggest that participants do not evaluate the reliability …
The Management Of Verbal Communications In Complex Aeronautical Systems, Fanny Loyau, Marie Rivenez, Sophie Quiblier
The Management Of Verbal Communications In Complex Aeronautical Systems, Fanny Loyau, Marie Rivenez, Sophie Quiblier
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
This study addresses the question of human factors in verbal communications in AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System). It aims to improve selection, training and learning by developing a tool focused on attentional division and multiple communications management. Radio communications management seems to be highly dependent on crew expertise. Indeed, many instructors say that several years of experience on AWACS are required in order to develop communications management skills and to improve their intelligibility. On the basis of our preliminary observations, we propose three hypotheses which would account for this expertise effect, focused on automatisms, volumes management of radio networks …
Comparing Tunnel-In-The-Sky Display On Hdd And Hud From Task Occupation Point Of View, Kohei Funabiki, Tomoko Iijima, Hiroka Tsuda
Comparing Tunnel-In-The-Sky Display On Hdd And Hud From Task Occupation Point Of View, Kohei Funabiki, Tomoko Iijima, Hiroka Tsuda
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
A series of flight simulations was carried out to investigate the causal factors of attention capture, focusing on a traffic detection task while following a curved trajectory using a Tunnel-in-the-Sky display. The location (head-up or head-down) and size of the display were varied, and traffic detection time and path tracking performance were measured. The results show that the HUD gave the best path tracking at the expense of traffic detection performance, and supports the hypothesis that using a limited viewing volume and high display gain with a Tunnel-in-the-Sky display induces pilots to rely on precise guidance cues instead of the …
Integrated Multimodal Communications Management For Airborne Command And Control, Dianne K. Popik, Victor S. Finomore, Douglas S. Brungart
Integrated Multimodal Communications Management For Airborne Command And Control, Dianne K. Popik, Victor S. Finomore, Douglas S. Brungart
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Increasing the communication efficiency and accuracy associated with Command and Control (C2) operations is crucial in many aerospace applications. This communication intensive environment imposes a high workload on Air Traffic Controllers and other C2 personnel who rely heavily on a variety of communication tools to efficiently plan, direct, coordinate, and control assets during missions. The C2 task is further complicated by the suboptimal integration of the various communication media utilized in the operational environment. The fielded communication tool suites have serious limitations and are not poised to meet the needs of advancing technology. A multidisciplinary research team in the Battlespace …
Nt-Seev: A Model Of Attention Capture And Noticing On The Flight Deck, Dr. Christopher Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Julia Bzostek, Kelly Steelman-Allen, Jason Mccarley, Nadine Sarter
Nt-Seev: A Model Of Attention Capture And Noticing On The Flight Deck, Dr. Christopher Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Julia Bzostek, Kelly Steelman-Allen, Jason Mccarley, Nadine Sarter
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
N-SEEV is a model that predicts the noticeability of events that occur in the context of routine task-driven scanning across large scale visual environments such as the flight deck or ATC work station. The model is an extension of the SEEV (salience, effort, expectancy, value) model, incorporating the influence of attentional set and allowing the possibility of a dynamic environment. The model was validated against two empirical data sets. In a study of pilot scanning across a high fidelity automated 747 cockpit, the SEEV component of the model predicted the distribution of attention with a correlation of 0.85. In a …
Aviator 2030 - Ability Requirements In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt
Aviator 2030 - Ability Requirements In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
‘Aviator 2030’ is a project at DLR on ability requirements for operators in future ATM systems. Several workshops have been conducted with pilots and air traffic controllers to learn how today’s aviation professionals see their jobs develop in future. Using separated workshops first, pilots and air traffic controllers were introduced to current developments within the context of Single European Sky SES, a large-scale program comparable to NextGen in the United States. Following the ‘future-workshop’ concept participants developed scenarios of future ATM from their professional background and experience. In a third workshop pilots and controllers met to exchange and discuss their …
Vigilant Warrior™: A Selection Tool For Vigilance Performance, David E. Weldon Ph.D., Clark Shingledecker Ph.D.
Vigilant Warrior™: A Selection Tool For Vigilance Performance, David E. Weldon Ph.D., Clark Shingledecker Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
In this paper, we describe an individual differences model of vigilance performance—the ability to maintain one’s focus of attention and remain alert for prolonged periods of time—and summarize our model evaluation research. Our goal was an automated test battery (Vigilant Warrior™) that could be employed to select personnel with superior abilities for assignment to critical vigilance duties. Thus, we conducted extensive laboratory research to identify an optimal set of vigilance predictors and validate them against a simulated, real-world, electronic-display, battlefieldmonitoring task with high vigilance requirements. The results confirmed that an objective, Short Vigilance Task (SVT), coupled with analytic skill and …
The Technological, Financial, And Social Realities That Are Defining The Aircraft Mechanic Of Tomorrow, Glen R. Gallway
The Technological, Financial, And Social Realities That Are Defining The Aircraft Mechanic Of Tomorrow, Glen R. Gallway
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Today it is becoming increasingly difficult to describe maintenance roles because an enormous number of once stable factors affecting the maintenance person and process are changing. Technology changes like software based aircraft, air/ground/satellite/airport system integration, highly complexity systems, and other technology issues are not currently part of a maintenance person’s normal skill set but are already part of aircraft maintenance needs. Many of the change issues that are considered to be “TECHNOLOGY” initiated but usually are caused by changing financial and/or social requirements that has occurred. This is a circular result in that when technology changes occur it further drives …
Cue-Based Training Effects On Visual Scanpaths During Weather-Related Decision Making, Michael W. Sawyer, Scott A. Shappell
Cue-Based Training Effects On Visual Scanpaths During Weather-Related Decision Making, Michael W. Sawyer, Scott A. Shappell
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Flight into adverse weather remains a leading cause of fatal accidents in general aviation. The situation assessment hypothesis suggests that pilots continue into adverse weather because they fail to accurately recognize the weather conditions present. In this study 20 participants’ eye movements were tracked as they viewed various weather scenes before and after training. The results showed that after training participants made decisions using fewer visual fixations and less total gaze time. Further, the average time until first fixation on critical weather features was decreased after training. Participants were effectively taught what weather features are important, thus allowing participants to …