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Articles 781 - 810 of 1066

Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology

Runway Incursion Prevention Using An Audio Intervention, Nathan Maertens, Christopher Desalvo, Jessie Chin, J. Michelle Moon Jan 2009

Runway Incursion Prevention Using An Audio Intervention, Nathan Maertens, Christopher Desalvo, Jessie Chin, J. Michelle Moon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

From 2004 through 2007 runway incursions (RI), an FAA high priority safety item, have continuously increased (FAA, 2008). The FAA has sought mitigation proposals; here we suggest one such solution. Byrne, Kirlik and their students (2005, 2006, 2007) suggested one possible cause of RIs to be pilots making errors when given counterintuitive taxi instructions (i.e., turns away, as opposed to towards, their ultimate destination). Using this work as a foundation, we identified counterintuitive taxi geometries at Willard Airport (CMI), conducted an experiment with 14 certified flight instructors working at CMI in a simulation of landing and taxiing, and tested potential …


The Role Of Common Methods In Personnel Selection, Thomas R. Carretta Jan 2009

The Role Of Common Methods In Personnel Selection, Thomas R. Carretta

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Cognitive ability is the most widely researched psychological construct in studies of determinants of occupational performance. Results of meta-analyses of common selection methods in personnel psychology indicate that general mental ability (g) is the best predictor of training and job performance involving core technical proficiency. For training, the predictiveness of g is incremented by measures of personality and specialized job knowledge. For job incumbents, the predictiveness of g is incremented by personality, job knowledge, and work sample performance. In addition to the predictive validity of g, personality, and prior job knowledge, their role in the acquisition of additional job knowledge …


Selection For Aviation Related Careers: Air Traffic Control In The Air Force And The Faa, M. Kathryn Bleckley Ph.D., Jerry Crutchfield Ph.D., Raymond E. King Psy.D., Carol A. Manning Ph.D., Thomas R. Carretta Ph.D. Jan 2009

Selection For Aviation Related Careers: Air Traffic Control In The Air Force And The Faa, M. Kathryn Bleckley Ph.D., Jerry Crutchfield Ph.D., Raymond E. King Psy.D., Carol A. Manning Ph.D., Thomas R. Carretta Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This paper discusses selection research and practice, with a focus on air traffic control specialists (ATCSs). In the USAF and FAA, accurate selection of air traffic control (ATC) trainees is essential because of the cost in time and money to train people for this high-consequence occupation. The FAA continues longitudinal validation research for the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT) battery. Additionally, validation of the AT-SAT for placement by option would allow the FAA to develop a process for assessing applicants’ potential to certify at facilities, providing useful information when determining where placement should occur. Frequently, psychiatric conditions are delineated …


How Effective Is Item Bank Testing Of Pilot Training Applicants In Reducing Test Preparation Effects?, Oliver Zierke Jan 2009

How Effective Is Item Bank Testing Of Pilot Training Applicants In Reducing Test Preparation Effects?, Oliver Zierke

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In the selection of aviation personnel, special test preparation has become an emerging problem. Specific test preparation aims at raising the probability to master a certain test rather than developing the underlying ability. Knowledge tests are particularly susceptible to the problem of test preparation. One strategy to counter this problem is the use of comprehensive item banks for testing in knowledge domains. In 2005 over 770 student pilot applicants participated in an evaluation study of two item bank tests, an English language test and a test of physical knowledge. A conventional test form as well as an item bank test …


Human Factors In The Ground-Support Of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Alan Hobbs Ph.D., Stanley R. Herwitz Ph.D., Glen R. Gallaway M.S. Jan 2009

Human Factors In The Ground-Support Of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Alan Hobbs Ph.D., Stanley R. Herwitz Ph.D., Glen R. Gallaway M.S.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A growing body of research has been directed at the human factors of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) flight operations, yet up to now, virtually no attention has been given to the human factors of UAS maintenance. The aim of the current research program was to identify the challenges facing the maintainers of small unmanned aircraft systems. Unlike their counterparts in conventional aviation, UAS maintenance technicians are responsible for the functioning of an entire system, comprising airborne and ground-based components. Challenges include absent or poor maintenance documentation, the need to make frequent decisions about salvaging components, difficulties in troubleshooting software problems, …


Healing Young People Thru Empowerment (H.Y.P.E.): A Hip-Hop Therapy Program For Black Adolescent Males, Adia B. Mcclellan Sep 2008

Healing Young People Thru Empowerment (H.Y.P.E.): A Hip-Hop Therapy Program For Black Adolescent Males, Adia B. Mcclellan

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Treating Black adolescent males with disruptive behavior disorders can be challenging for psychologists and other mental health professionals The negative perception of this group within society, as well as the absence of clinical training exploring issues pertinent to Black adolescent males, among other things, may hinder a professional’s ability to effectively work with this population. This doctoral project discussed the research in several areas currently pertinent to Black adolescent males, as well as factors that have historically been oppressive to Black Americans. It then describes several DSM-IV-TR diagnoses and legal classifications associated with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. In addition, research analyzing …


Practice Effects On Test-Takers’ Performance And Quality Of Cognitive Domains Should Be Part Of Every Pilot Assessment. Investigation Of The Mechanisms Of Practice Effects Ability Tests In Pilot Selection: A Spatial Ability Test As An Example, Frank Albers, Stefan Hoeft Jan 2007

Practice Effects On Test-Takers’ Performance And Quality Of Cognitive Domains Should Be Part Of Every Pilot Assessment. Investigation Of The Mechanisms Of Practice Effects Ability Tests In Pilot Selection: A Spatial Ability Test As An Example, Frank Albers, Stefan Hoeft

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

This study deals with the problem of retaking identical or parallel mental ability tests. This can lead to difficulties in the assessment for prestigious jobs like pilot or ab initio pilot candidate positions, where test preparation is common and a large training industry has been established. We investigated practice effects on test-takers’ performance and reliability as well as validity of a spatial ability task. The task was administered ten times, five minutes each, in a sample of 156 ab initio pilot applicants. A performance plateau was reached after the fifth trial, reliability and validity were not affected negatively, they even …


Using Likelihood Alert Technology In Cockpit Displays Of Traffic Information To Support Free Flight, Ernesto A. Bustamante Jan 2007

Using Likelihood Alert Technology In Cockpit Displays Of Traffic Information To Support Free Flight, Ernesto A. Bustamante

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

The future of air traffic control imposes two major challenges. On the one hand, the increase in air traffic flow will dramatically augment the already existing high levels of workload for air traffic controllers. As a result, this increase in traffic density may jeopardize flight safety. On the other hand, standard aircraft separation tactics commanded by air traffic controllers are neither optimally efficient nor cost effective. Consequently, this makes it difficult for airlines to maintain an economic advantage. A potential solution to these problems is the introduction of free flight. The main goal of free flight is to reduce the …


Decision Support For Airport Surface Management And Control, Charles E. Billings, Philip J. Smith, Amy Spencer Jan 2007

Decision Support For Airport Surface Management And Control, Charles E. Billings, Philip J. Smith, Amy Spencer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Continual increases in air traffic have threatened to produce gridlock in parts of the national aviation system (NAS). Efforts to improve NAS efficiency and throughput by incorporating decision support tools (DSTs) and other automation have been difficult because of NAS complexity and unpredictability. We describe some of the more important recent studies of airport surface management and offer suggestions for further improvement.


Learner Centered Debriefing In General Aviation Training: Questions From The Field And Answers From Research, Elizabeth L. Blickensderfer Jan 2007

Learner Centered Debriefing In General Aviation Training: Questions From The Field And Answers From Research, Elizabeth L. Blickensderfer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Recently, the “Learner Centered Grading” (LCG) debriefing strategy has been introduced to general aviation flight training. LCG includes two parts: learner self assessment and a detailed debrief led by the instructor. The purpose of the self assessment is to stimulate growth in the learner’s thought processes and, in turn, behaviors. Implementing a training strategy in the field, however, is different from laboratory tests. In an effort to see how the learner centered grading debrief was being used in the field, in-depth interviews with 10 certified flight instructors (CFIs) were conducted. Overall, the CFIs reported that the in-depth discussions were an …


Modeling The Human Operator, Part Ii: Emulating Controller Intervention, Scott Bolland, Andrew Neal, Selina Fothergill, Michael Humphreys, Peter Lindsay Jan 2007

Modeling The Human Operator, Part Ii: Emulating Controller Intervention, Scott Bolland, Andrew Neal, Selina Fothergill, Michael Humphreys, Peter Lindsay

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Air traffic control workload prediction algorithms require a trajectory modeler to assess the flow of traffic through the sector. An accurate model of controller intervention is required to predict these trajectories. This paper overviews such a project aimed at emulating important controller actions in the Australian airspace.


Very Light Jets In The National Airspace System, Barbara K. Burian Ph.D. Jan 2007

Very Light Jets In The National Airspace System, Barbara K. Burian Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Problems that potential very light jet (VLJ) pilots of the future are having in the aircraft they currently fly, as evidenced in incident and accident reports, were analyzed. Significant problems identified include poor crew/single pilot resource management, low currency, inadequate preflight planning, avionics use difficulties, and cognitive performance issues, among others. Implications for training future VLJ pilots are discussed.


An Ecological Approach To Pilot Terrain Awareness, Clark Borst, Max Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen Jan 2007

An Ecological Approach To Pilot Terrain Awareness, Clark Borst, Max Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Supporting pilot situation awareness is considered essential in safeguarding safety. There is much disagreement, however, regarding a formal definition of situation awareness. On the one hand, the most commonly cited definition, from a cognitive perspective, describes it in terms of human information processing stages involving the three levels of perception, comprehension and projection. On the other hand, an ecological approach exists that focuses on defining the ‘situation’ instead of the ‘awareness’, using Rasmussen’s abstraction hierarchy. This paper investigates the usefulness of the ecological approach in defining pilot terrain awareness. An abstraction hierarchy is defined that captures the characteristics of situations …


Linguistic Factors In The Overall Aviation Safety Framework, S. Bourgeois-Bougrine, V. Normier, R. Mollard, O. Ferrante, Y. Pouliquen Jan 2007

Linguistic Factors In The Overall Aviation Safety Framework, S. Bourgeois-Bougrine, V. Normier, R. Mollard, O. Ferrante, Y. Pouliquen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Feedback on occurrences and some safety studies prompted ICAO to recommend new language proficiency requirements. This paper focuses on the type of data that influenced this effort to reduce accidents involving the “language barrier”. It also proposes to better define and record the linguistic factors in databases. A literature review on the main linguistic contributory factors to air-ground miscommunications breaks them down into sub-categories. Subsequently, the paper discusses the “language barrier” as a potential “safety barrier”. It seems essential to better track and record these successful safety barriers (or nets) related to human behaviors. They should be expanded through a …


Position Transfers In En Route Air Traffic Control: Assessing Flawed Mental Representations Of The Traffic Situation, Larry Bailey, Alfretia Scarborough Jan 2007

Position Transfers In En Route Air Traffic Control: Assessing Flawed Mental Representations Of The Traffic Situation, Larry Bailey, Alfretia Scarborough

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

To address air traffic control (ATC) operational errors (OEs) that occur early on position, past OE reduction efforts focused on developing improved position relief briefing checklists and analyzing the content of the recorded verbal briefings. However, the verbal briefing, by itself, does not ensure that either the incoming or outgoing controller had an accurate mental representation of the traffic situation. If there are inaccuracies in either of their mental representations, then the position relief process is flawed. We examined an archival OE database to determine whether en route OEs that occur as the result of a problematic position transfer were …


Operating An Unmanned Aerial System From A Moving Platform, Cadet Guennadi S. Antonov, Cadet Mark C. Domogala, Lt Col Wesley A. Olson Jan 2007

Operating An Unmanned Aerial System From A Moving Platform, Cadet Guennadi S. Antonov, Cadet Mark C. Domogala, Lt Col Wesley A. Olson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

While the Spatial Disorientation (SD) has long been recognized as an important causal factor in aviation incidents and accidents, it is only beginning to be recognized as a factor in Uninhabited Aerial Systems (UASs). Self, Ercoline, Olson and Tvaryanas (2006) predicted SD to be most likely for a manually controlled UAV when operated from a mobile platform. As a first step towards better understanding the effects of control platform motion on manual UAV control Olson, DeLauer and Fale (2006) had 10 rated Air Force pilots fly a simulated UAV task (MS Flight Simulator) from a motion capable control platform (aircraft …


A Latent Growth Model Of Pilots’ Decision Making While Facing Potential Weather Threats, Ernesto A. Bustamante, Elizabeth T. Newlin, James P. Bliss Jan 2007

A Latent Growth Model Of Pilots’ Decision Making While Facing Potential Weather Threats, Ernesto A. Bustamante, Elizabeth T. Newlin, James P. Bliss

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

It is critical that pilots make appropriate flight path deviation decisions when faced with threats of inclement weather. This research demonstrates a latent growth model of pilots’ confidence in flight path deviation decisions when faced with potential weather threats. Twenty-four commercial airline pilots encountered 6 weather threats during a simulated flight from New York, NY to Miami, FL. Pilots made deviation decisions at 4 distance points from each potential weather threat. Results from the latent growth model (LGM) of pilots’ distance confidence as a function of the distance to the potential weather threat showed a statistically significant growth in confidence …


Examining The Content Validity Of The Faa Private Pilot And Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards, Elizabeth L. Blickensderfer, Peter Schumacher, Michele Summers Jan 2007

Examining The Content Validity Of The Faa Private Pilot And Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards, Elizabeth L. Blickensderfer, Peter Schumacher, Michele Summers

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

The Practical Test Standards (PTS) were devised by the FAA to provide a standard format to evaluate the skills necessary for pilot certification. Both the private pilot and commercial PTS were generated years ago and, on a regular basis, are modified slightly. Despite these efforts, some aviators in the industry consider the PTS to be out of date. The purpose of this research was to examine the content validity of the private pilot and commercial pilot PTS items in order to assess the applicability to current general aviation practice. To accomplish this, a job-analysis style survey was developed and distributed …


Network Airline Production Problem, R. Michael Baiada Jan 2007

Network Airline Production Problem, R. Michael Baiada

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

For over 30 years, in spite of their best efforts, the financial health of the network airlines has continued south. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the fundamental problem pushing so many airlines towards the brink is not the hub schedule, weather, fuel costs, ATC/FAA, congestion, delays, nor even unit wage rates. These are just the visible symptoms of the real problem. The underlying cause of 80% of the airline industry's financial problems is production variance. Production variance within the daily operation, especially at the hub airports, represents the fundamental flaw within the current airline production process (over 35% of the customers …


Developing Observer-Based Measures For Assessing The Effects Of Advanced Technologies On Crew Resource Management, Amy L. Alexander, Jamie L. Estock, Jeff Beaubien, Jon Holbrook Jan 2007

Developing Observer-Based Measures For Assessing The Effects Of Advanced Technologies On Crew Resource Management, Amy L. Alexander, Jamie L. Estock, Jeff Beaubien, Jon Holbrook

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Previous research has shown that up to 80 percent of all commercial aviation accidents are the result of human error, including inadequate decision making, ineffective communication, inadequate leadership, and poor task or resource management. Currently, a number of “smart” flight deck technologies – such as Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) and Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS) – are being developed to prevent, intervene, and/or mitigate pilot error. In some instances, these technologies are essentially acting as an additional crewmember, thus changing the dynamics of crew interaction on the flight deck. The specific effects of these advanced technologies – both positive and negative …


Flight-Control-Force-Exertion Limits And Comparisons With Pilot And Nonpilot Populations, Dennis B. Beringer, Jerry D. Ball, Loran A. Haworth Jan 2007

Flight-Control-Force-Exertion Limits And Comparisons With Pilot And Nonpilot Populations, Dennis B. Beringer, Jerry D. Ball, Loran A. Haworth

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

This study was conducted to update data on the force that pilots (and nonpilots) can apply to flight controls so that current performance data could be compared with values for maximum allowable control forces found in sections of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR 23.143 and 25.143). We compared these tabular values with several later samples of human performance to determine what proportion of the potential and actual pilot populations might be able to exert those levels of force. We then obtained data for 12 female general aviation pilots and 12 female nonpilots as well as data for 32 …


The Incidence Of Psychological Aspect In Brazilian Aircraft Accidents From 1997 To 2002, Márcia Regina Molinari Barreto, Cintia Saba Fonseca Jan 2007

The Incidence Of Psychological Aspect In Brazilian Aircraft Accidents From 1997 To 2002, Márcia Regina Molinari Barreto, Cintia Saba Fonseca

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

The research on the incidence of psychological aspects of human factors in aircraft accidents, was developed by the Aeronautical Institute of Psychology, aimed the identification of critical areas and the proposition of controlling actions. The proposed actions approach ways to favour the development of attitudes and behaviours, aiming the consolidation of a safety culture in the organizations. This work fills a great gap by making it possible to base the preventive activities on data that reflect the Brazilian reality. The ergonomic approach, wich considers the accident as a breakdown on the balance between individual, psychosocial and organizational conditionings of the …


Memory For Form And Color In Virtual And Real Environments, Matthew Brown Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Jonathan Wade Jan 2007

Memory For Form And Color In Virtual And Real Environments, Matthew Brown Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Jonathan Wade

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Three experiments that differed in terms of environment type (two virtual and one real) required participants to remember the location of 12 unique geometric objects that varied in terms of form (cone, cube, and sphere) and color (blue, green, red, and yellow). The results showed that regardless of environment type (virtual or real), participants showed significantly better encoding/memory for an object’s form than for its color. This highlights the importance of emphasizing object shape to assist learning and memory in virtual environments.


A Comparison Of Scenario Based With Maneuvers Based Taa Instrument Flight Training, Jon French, Michele Summers, Frank Ayers, Elizabeth Blickensderfer Jan 2007

A Comparison Of Scenario Based With Maneuvers Based Taa Instrument Flight Training, Jon French, Michele Summers, Frank Ayers, Elizabeth Blickensderfer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

A laboratory-controlled comparison of traditional maneuvers based training (MBT) and scenario based training (SBT) is described during the acquisition of technically advanced aircraft (TAA) instrument flight skills in a simulator. The study was conducted as part of the FAA Industry Training Standards (FITS) evaluation of SBT. All 27 participants were instrument rated pilots with less than 500 total flight hours and virtually no experience with TAA. All were randomly assigned to the MBT or SBT condition. All received 8 hours of MBT or SBT before the final posttest evaluation. The TAA simulator was a Cirrus SR20 with a Chelton primary …


Towards Information Requirements For Airport Traffic Control Towers, Dr. Jerry M. Crutchfield Jan 2007

Towards Information Requirements For Airport Traffic Control Towers, Dr. Jerry M. Crutchfield

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Proposed enhancements to air traffic control (ATC) procedures and technologies are under development to increase the air traffic capacity above that of today’s system. Many of these potential enhancements implicate major changes to the way operations are performed in Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) today. Prior to the development of new air traffic management systems for use in ATCTs, it is necessary to know how, why, and when ATCT controllers currently use information about flights.


Faa Maintenance(Mx) Human Factors Research Program And Mx Hf Information Resource Website, Glen Gallaway Jan 2007

Faa Maintenance(Mx) Human Factors Research Program And Mx Hf Information Resource Website, Glen Gallaway

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

It is well known that people are the heart of safe/effective aircraft maintenance. It is becoming increasingly evident that these people (mechanics, trainers, inspectors, crew, etc.) substantially benefit from a solid grounding in human factors principles and practices as a basis for that strong maintenance safety culture.


An Investigation Of Certified Flight Instructor Competencies, Patricia C. Fitzgerald, Dee H. Andrews, Brent Crow, Ronald Diedrichs, Merrill R. Karp, Kelley Stewart Jan 2007

An Investigation Of Certified Flight Instructor Competencies, Patricia C. Fitzgerald, Dee H. Andrews, Brent Crow, Ronald Diedrichs, Merrill R. Karp, Kelley Stewart

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

The research literature documents distinct differences in teaching skills among instructors in a variety of fields. Some seem to be naturally skilled, whereas others seem to face more challenges in the instructional setting. Although several investigators have addressed a variety of questions concerning flight instructor training, more research is needed to elucidate the instructional competencies associated with successful instruction in this critical field. The proposed poster will present the preliminary results of an observational study designed to identify flight instructor competencies and patterns of instructional behavior. A preliminary set of essential instructor skills was developed based on instructor competencies as …


Aviation Psychology Research - Extending Scientific Method To Incorporate Value And Application, Glen Gallaway Jan 2007

Aviation Psychology Research - Extending Scientific Method To Incorporate Value And Application, Glen Gallaway

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Showing value (i.e., useful, needed, solves a problem, adds to knowledge) in the research process and its products is intended to enhance the quality of psychological research. The additional research information (META Data - The information that describes and clarifies other data) will enhance the design of the research project and will aid research customers determine the value of research results and provide guidance in its application. The intent is to support and complement the Scientific Method and its associated rules of implementation, while providing clear and easily used value and applications data.


The Implementation Of The Faa Industry Training Program In Technically Advanced Aircraft (Taa): Lessons Learned, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy Beckham, Steve Gossett, Paul Craig, Paul Mosey Jan 2007

The Implementation Of The Faa Industry Training Program In Technically Advanced Aircraft (Taa): Lessons Learned, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy Beckham, Steve Gossett, Paul Craig, Paul Mosey

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

The proliferation of aircraft with extensive automation, collectively known as Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) within the last 10 years in the General Aviation industry has led to a novel approach in flight training. The FAA implemented the FAA-Industry Training Standards (FITS) program that emphasizes the importance of “real world” training exercises in the form of scenario training. The FITS curriculum, which was first empirically tested by Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), was developed by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and the University of North Dakota through the FAA Air Transportation Center of Excellence for General Aviation. Over the last four years, MTSU …


Developing Job Specific And General Training Content And Assessments, Justin M. Devoge, Ellen J. Bass Jan 2007

Developing Job Specific And General Training Content And Assessments, Justin M. Devoge, Ellen J. Bass

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007

Organizations, particularly airlines, would benefit from training programs that are reusable across multiple occupational contexts. We have developed a framework incorporating the notions of identical elements and general principles for designing job specific and reusable training content and assessments. We developed training programs based on the framework and empirically evaluated how it addresses training needs. Results of the study suggest that the identical elements design is beneficial in specific training contexts, while a combination of the identical elements and general principles designs may support reusability.