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Articles 1981 - 2010 of 2048

Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology

A Rodent For Your Thoughts: The Animal Model Strategy In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro Jan 1996

A Rodent For Your Thoughts: The Animal Model Strategy In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

In this second of three essays, I describe how the early modern psychologists adopted the strategy of further transforming rats and other species into models of human thought, feeling, and behavior, and, particularly, of disorders of these - in effect taking "a rodent for your thoughts." In the third essay I will provide a critique and empirically-based evaluation of animal model research. Here I indicate what the model strategy in the biomedical sciences, properly understand, is intended to achieve and how, by contrast, particular models are presented to the public and funding agencies. Finally, I describe how they are utilized …


The Ingrown World Of Animal Model Research In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro Jan 1996

The Ingrown World Of Animal Model Research In Psychology, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

In the previous essay, I described the proper function of models in science as heuristic, as a way of generating hypotheses about the actual object of study. Turning to animal models in psychology, I offered a general characterization of that enterprise using sham feeding, an animal model of the eating disorder called bulimia, as an example. In this final of three essays, I offer an evaluation of this animal model strategy that largely employs the tools of social science. I close with a recommendation and a prediction.


The Influence Of Lexical And Conceptual Constraints On Reading Mixed-Language Sentences: Evidence From Eye-Fixation And Naming Times, Jeanette Altaribba, Judith F. Kroll, Alexandra Sholl, Keith Rayner Jan 1996

The Influence Of Lexical And Conceptual Constraints On Reading Mixed-Language Sentences: Evidence From Eye-Fixation And Naming Times, Jeanette Altaribba, Judith F. Kroll, Alexandra Sholl, Keith Rayner

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

In two experiments, we explored the degree to which sentence context effects operate at a lexical or conceptual level by examining the processing of mixed-language sentences by fluent Spanish-English bilinguals. In Experiment 1, subjects' eye movements were monitored while they read English sentences in which sentence constraint, word frequency, and language of target word were manipulated. A frequency x constraint interaction was found when target words appeared in Spanish, but not in English. First fixation durations were longer for high-frequency Spanish words when these were embedded in high-constraint sentences than in low-constraint sentences. This result suggests that the conceptual restrictions …


What Is The Risk Of Teratogenicity With The Use Of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors During Pregnancy?, Michael Z. Wincor, Mary Gutierrez, Ann Nguyen Jan 1996

What Is The Risk Of Teratogenicity With The Use Of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors During Pregnancy?, Michael Z. Wincor, Mary Gutierrez, Ann Nguyen

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder in women is 10 to 25%, with an average age of onset in the mid-20s.1 Over the nine years that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRis) have been available, for many prescribers, they have become first-line agents in the treatment of depression. In addition, sorne of them are also being used in the treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder and panic disorder. In light of these facts, itis not unlikely that women of childbearing age would be treated with one of the SSRis. In considering the risks of exposing a fetus to an SSRI, …


Silk Purse Or Sow's Ear? An Mmpi Commonground, Richard H. Dana Jan 1996

Silk Purse Or Sow's Ear? An Mmpi Commonground, Richard H. Dana

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

Velasquez et al allege that "rounding up the usual suspects" in my article on culturally competent MMPI assessment of Hispanics provides information that is inaccurate, raises unanswered questions, and can discourage assessors reluctant to take "extra precautions required with Hispanic clients". They contribute an overview of history and current research that leads to their own recommendations. Using the idiom of "usual" and "unusual" suspects, further investigation of all suspects appears necessary. Juxtaposition of two sets of assessment recommendations-theirs and mine-suggests that an ostensible battleground can become a commonground to better inform assessors of cultural competence issues. From the Author.


How The Rat Turned White, Kenneth J. Shapiro Jan 1995

How The Rat Turned White, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

This is the first in a three-part series on the use of animals in psychological research. In it, I describe how animals got into laboratories in the first place, and their purpose and life there. In the second, I will describe animal model research, the strategy whereby psychologists' develop nonhuman animal models to study human psychopathology. In the concluding piece, I will present a critique of this enterprise, using original data I gathered. The three articles are based on a forthcoming book, Animal Models of Human Psychology: Science, Ethics, and Policy.


An Analysis Of Social Cognition And Health Insurance Cost-Benefit Analysis, S. Christian Wheeler Jan 1995

An Analysis Of Social Cognition And Health Insurance Cost-Benefit Analysis, S. Christian Wheeler

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

There are many types of social cognition which may affect one's health insurance cost-benefit analysis. Similarly, many situational variables could influence the desirability of condition inclusion. The present study examines the effect of cost and condition type (physical or psychological) upon health insurance decision-making. In addition, the effects of Perceived Health Competence, Health Locus of Control, Belief in a Just World, and religious orientation on willingness to insure are examined. Results indicate that, of these variables, the biggest predictor of insurance desirability is the PHLC, or belief in ''powerful others" in determining one's health state. In addition, the type of …


In Slime And Darkness: The Metaphor Of Filth In Criminal Justice, Martha Grace Duncan Jan 1994

In Slime And Darkness: The Metaphor Of Filth In Criminal Justice, Martha Grace Duncan

Faculty Articles

An article such as this one, which seeks to examine the labyrinthine chains of meanings that we associate with illegal behavior, cries out for an interdisciplinary approach. Specifically, it demands a source that can reveal our unconscious as well as our conscious associations. Such a source is classical literature -- works of fiction that, by virtue of being read and loved through centuries and across continents, have proven their capacity to strike a responsive chord in their readers. Therefore, in Part II of this Article, I employ the classics, supplemented by occasional examples from contemporary fiction, history, and theology, to …


Comparative Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Strategies On Drug Knowledge And Drug Attitude In Inpatient Psychiatric Substance Abuse Population, Amber Haque Dec 1993

Comparative Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Strategies On Drug Knowledge And Drug Attitude In Inpatient Psychiatric Substance Abuse Population, Amber Haque

Dissertations

This study examined the effects of instructional strategies on the change of knowledge and attitude scores in mentally ill subjects with a history of substance abuse. Twenty subjects from a state psychiatric hospital were randomly divided into one control and three experimental groups. The study period was ten weeks with each session lasting forty five minutes, twice per week. Subjects studied issues relating to drug abuse outside scheduled sessions as they pleased. Pre- and post-test scores were measured by a drug abuse questionnaire developed at the Pennsylvania State University. Hypotheses formed were: (a) drug education improves knowledge and attitude in …


Human Services Training In Tribal Colleges, Richard H. Dana, Rodger Hornby Jan 1992

Human Services Training In Tribal Colleges, Richard H. Dana, Rodger Hornby

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

Tribal colleges are providing interdisciplinary education and professional training for human services occupations at the undergraduate level. These programs also promote cultural competence as a result of required courses in tribal languages, history, culture and law. The Sinte Gelska University program is described as an example of the role of tribal college education in emphasizing cultural identity using a culture-specific instructional style and teaching method. These programs in tribal colleges will augment the availability of competent service to native Americans.


Assessment Of Cultural Orientation, Richard H. Dana Jan 1992

Assessment Of Cultural Orientation, Richard H. Dana

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

This article discusses several concerns to take into consideration when assessing ethnic minorities in the United States. Cultural competence implies more than sensitivity to other cultures. There has to be an honoring of beliefs, perceptions, values, language, and ethical systems.


A Commentary On Assessment Training In Boulder And Vail Model Programs: In Praise Of Differences!, Richard H. Dana Jan 1992

A Commentary On Assessment Training In Boulder And Vail Model Programs: In Praise Of Differences!, Richard H. Dana

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

This commentary on assessment training in scientist-practitioner and practitioner-scholar programs examined potential differences between these training models on assessment instruments included in the curriculum, assessment instructors, modes of interpretation, anticipated clients, and service delivery styles. Over time it appears that the potential for difference in assessment training inherent in Boulder and Vail model values has been minimized. If these models for training professional psychologists are to be effective in preparing students for assessment tasks with additional populations of consumers in new service delivery systems, attention to these potential differences in assessment training offers promise for more responsible and competent practice …


Understanding Dogs Through Kinesthetic Empathy, Social Construction, And History, Kenneth J. Shapiro Jan 1990

Understanding Dogs Through Kinesthetic Empathy, Social Construction, And History, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Sentience Collection

The term, "come into animal presence," she takes from the title of a Denise Levertov poem. The poem, which reads, in part, "What joy when the insouciant armadillo glances at us and doesn't quicken his trotting across the track into the palm bush. What is this joy?" This joy is the possibility of our being in the presence of animals for "(t)he armadillo has some intention to pursue in the palm forest." This joy, to which I invite you here, consists in dwelling in that presence, in inhabiting that intention, that armored but guileless world of the armadillo. I will …


Issues Concerning The Internship Selection Process, Richard H. Dana Jan 1990

Issues Concerning The Internship Selection Process, Richard H. Dana

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

This article's study examines the issues concerning internship selection. Data was collected from 10 APA (America Psychological Association) accredited internship sites. Initial results suggest that the current process of internship selection is too costly for all participants. Computer based matching is suggested as a solution.


Contents Page - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Contents Page - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Contents page of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Mental Illness - Chapter 5 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Mental Illness - Chapter 5 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 5 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Introduction - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Introduction - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Introduction of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


The Devil Made Me Do It - Chapter 1 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

The Devil Made Me Do It - Chapter 1 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 1 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Editor's Preface - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Editor's Preface - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Editor's Preface of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Satan Is Alive And Active - Chapter 2 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Satan Is Alive And Active - Chapter 2 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 1 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Biblical Accounts Of Satanic Activity - Chapter 3 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Biblical Accounts Of Satanic Activity - Chapter 3 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 3 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Faulty Thinking: Separating The Spiritual And The Physical - Chapter 4 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Faulty Thinking: Separating The Spiritual And The Physical - Chapter 4 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 4 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Mental Disorders - Chapter 6 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Mental Disorders - Chapter 6 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 6 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Demonic Influence And Mental Disorders - Chapter 8 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Demonic Influence And Mental Disorders - Chapter 8 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 8 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Assessment And Diagnosis Of Demonic Influence - Chapter 9 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Assessment And Diagnosis Of Demonic Influence - Chapter 9 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 9 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Counseling Approaches - Chapter 11 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Counseling Approaches - Chapter 11 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 11 of "Counseling and the Demonic"


Demon Possession - Chapter 7 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Demon Possession - Chapter 7 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 7 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Spiritual Interventions - Chapter 10 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Spiritual Interventions - Chapter 10 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 10 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Summary And Conclusion - Chapter 12 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Summary And Conclusion - Chapter 12 Of "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Chapter 12 of Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford


Index - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1988

Index - From "Counseling And The Demonic", Rodger K. Bufford

Counseling and the Demonic

Index from Counseling and the Demonic by Rodger K Bufford