Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Can Video Games Be Valid Predictors Of Success For The Private Pilot Phase Check?, Laura E. Bourgiognon, Donald A. Petrin, Brian G. Dillman, John P. Young

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

A study was conducted at a Midwestern university to determine whether or not video game performance can be an accurate predictor of success on the private pilot phase check. In this study, there were thirty-three potential participants enrolled in AT 145, the private pilot flight training course. Twenty-three (70%) students agreed to participate. These volunteer participants were asked to complete a video game (Super Mario Galaxy). The final score and time to finish a pre-selected level were recorded. These scores were correlated with the aggregated scores that the participants earned during their private pilot phase checks. Although a survey of …

A Factor-Analytical Perspective Of Sopite Syndrome Assessment In Aerospace Systems, J. Christopher Brill, Brittany N. Neilson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Aerospace systems require pilots to perform complex tasks under demanding conditions. There is an unrecognized component, which has deleterious effects on human performance, called sopite syndrome. Sopite syndrome is characterized by intense drowsiness despite receiving an adequate night’s rest, difficulty concentrating, and lack of motivation. Currently, sopite syndrome is measured exclusively by a 39-item self-report questionnaire called the Mild Motion Questionnaire (MMQ). The purpose of the present research is to develop a shortform for the MMQ that can be used for quick assessments in applied settings, while maintaining internal consistency. Participants (N = 422) completed the MMQ by indicating how …

Evaluation Of A Separation Assistance Display In A Multi-Actor Experiment, J. Ellerbroek, M. M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In the past, several display concepts have been developed, as aids in the task of airborne self-separation. In several of these display concepts, the interface helps the pilot solve the conflict, as opposed to automation providing an explicit resolution. Especially in this case of manual problem solving, (implicit) interaction between the actors in a conflict becomes an important factor. An experiment was conducted to evaluate an EID-inspired, constraint-based separation assistance display, where all aircraft in each conflict were controlled by pilot subjects. In the experiment, several conflict scenario’s have been evaluated, where coordination between pilots could either follow implicitely from …

The Sart Task Does Not Promote Mindlessness In Vigilance Performance, Michael Dillard, David B. Boles, Matthew Funke, Gregory Funke, Victor Finomore, Allen Dukes, Joel S. Warm, Benjamin A. Knott, Gerald Matthews, Raja Parasuraman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Vigilance tasks typically require observers to respond to critical signals on their monitored displays and withhold responding to neutral events. The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) features the opposite response requirements which supposedly lead it to promote a mindless, non-thoughtful approach to the vigilance task that lacks attentional focus. To test that possibility, this study compared the SART to the standard vigilance task in terms of perceived mental workload – indexed by the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ) – and eye tracking activity – reflected via the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) – in the performance of a simulated air-traffic control …

A Prospective Study Of Positive Psychological Well-Being And Coronary Heart Disease, Julia K. Boehm, Christopher Peterson, Mika Kivimaki, Laura D. Kubzansky

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: Research suggests that positive psychological well-being is associated with cardiovascular health. However, much of this research uses elderly samples and has not determined the pathways by which psychological well-being influences cardiovascular disease or whether effects are similar for men and women. This study investigates the association between two aspects of well-being (emotional vitality and optimism) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a sample of middle-aged men and women, and considers potential mediating factors.

Method: Between 1991 and 1994, well-being and coronary risk factors were assessed among 7,942 individuals without a prior cardiovascular event from the Whitehall II …

Development Of A Positive Psychology Intervention For Patients With Acute Cardiovascular Disease, Jeff C. Huffman, Carol A. Mastromauro, Julia K. Boehm, Rita Seabrook, Gregory L. Fricchione, John W. Denninger, Sonja Lyubomirsky

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The management of depression and other negative psychological states in cardiac patients has been a focus of multiple treatment trials, though such trials have not led to substantial improvements in cardiac outcomes. In contrast, there has been minimal focus on interventions to increase positive psychological states in cardiac patients, despite the fact that optimism and other positive states have been associated with superior cardiovascular outcomes. Our objective was to develop an 8-week, phone-based positive psychology intervention for patients hospitalized with acute cardiac disease (acute coronary syndrome or decompensated heart failure). Such an intervention would consist of positive psychology exercises adapted …

David Grove's Metaphors For Healing, David Pincus, Anees A. Sheikh

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Within the ever-expanding list of approaches to psychotherapy, there is a tendency to overlook deep imagery approaches. The current article reports on one such metaphor-based therapy developed by David Grove (Grove & Panzer, 1989). The approach is analyzed within the context of mainstream contemporary psychotherapy in general, the state of empirical understanding of common processes to psychotherapy, and in relation to other deep imagery-based approaches to therapy. Next, a step-by-step description of the techniques used within metaphor therapy are presented, along with a case example demonstrating the use of these techniques on a case involving pain symptoms. Finally, it is …

Subjective Evaluation Of Data Checking Techniques, Cyndy Anang

McNair Poster Presentations

The aim of this research was to analyze people's subjective opinions about the data checking techniques double entry, visual checking, and read aloud. Previous research has shown that entering data twice is more effective in reducing the data entry errors. Thus, the research aims to hypothesize that participants would perceive the double entry technique as most accurate and reliable. A total of forty-eight undergraduate students answered a set of sixteen items which were used to gather participants' opinions on the three techniques. The results showed that the double entry technique was perceived as significantly more accurate (F (2, 47): 5.734, …

Children's Emotional State And False Memory In The Drm Paradigm, Pamela Cornejo

McNair Poster Presentations

Children are called to give testimony for highly emotional during court cases. Research indicates that children in a negative emotional state recall with lesser vividness (Berliner et al. 2003) and are more likely to incorporate false information (Levine, Burgess & Laney, 2008). The present study will examine this further by examining the influence of negative and positive emotional states on recall and recognition in child-normed lists within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. The DRM paradigm is a cognitive task that relies on gist memory for remembrance of the critical lure in semantically associated word lists. It is expected that the eight …

18F-Fallypride Binding Potential In Patients With Schizophrenia Compared To Healthy Controls, Douglas S. Lehrer, Bradley T. Christian, Cemil Kirbas, Meicheng Chiang, Shawn Sidhu, Holly Short, Binquan Wang, Bingzhi Shi, King Wai Chu, Brian Merrill, Monte S. Buchsbaum

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Background: Molecular imaging of dopaminergic parameters has contributed to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, expanding our understanding of pathophysiology, clinical phenomenology and treatment. Our aim in this study was to compare 18F-fallypride binding potential BPND in a group of patients with schizophrenia-spectrum illness vs. controls, with a particular focus on the cortex and thalamus. Methods: We acquired 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography images on 33 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (28 with schizophrenia; 5 with schizoaffective disorder) and 18 normal controls. Twenty-four patients were absolutely neuroleptic naïve and nine were previously medicated, although only four had a lifetime neuroleptic exposure of …

Examining The Interrater Reliability Of The Comprehensive Inventory Of Mental Health And Recovery And Rehabilitation Services (Cimhrrs), Robert W. Johnson

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This dissertation is one step in the continuing development, evaluation, and validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Mental Health and Recovery and Rehabilitation Services (CIMHRRS). The CIMHRRS is an instrument to guide comprehensive assessment of programs that provide integrated services to people with serious mental illness (SMI).

The project described in this dissertation evaluated three key aspects of its performance in real world application: practical feasibility, internal consistency and reliability, and ability to distinguish between different programs. Investigators utilized a combination of principles and methods, associated with psychometric scale development, field methods, and program evaluation. Using a structured site review …

The Development Of Attribute Dominance In The Knowledge Base, Marc A. Lindberg Ph.D.

Psychology Faculty Research

Two cuing, free-recall studies were conducted to test Bach and Underwood's (1970) hypothesis that acoustic encoding is dominant among second graders and semantic encoding is dominant among sixth graders. When retrieval cues were presented with to-be-remembered items at both input and output (Experiment 1), and when cues were presented only at output (Experiment 2), semantic cues were more efficient in elevating recall than were acoustic cues for both second and sixth graders. When these and other results generally found using recognition, sorting, incidental learning, and free-recall experimental designs are compared, it seems plausible that item presentation and memory-testing formats interact …

Eye Movement Measures Of Cognitive Control In Children With To Urette Syndrome, Cameron B. Jeter

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Tourette Syndrome begins in childhood and is characterized by uncontrollable repetitive actions like neck craning or hopping and noises such as sniffing or chirping. Worst in early adolescence, these tics wax and wane in severity and occur in bouts unpredictably, often drawing unwanted attention from bystanders. Making matters worse, over half of children with Tourette Syndrome also suffer from comorbid, or concurrent, disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These disorders introduce anxious thoughts, impulsivity, inattention, and mood variability that further disrupt children with Tourette Syndrome from focusing and performing well at school and home. …

Validation Of The Internalized Sexual Prejudice Scale, Gary J. Burkholder, Rodney Lemery

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

A deconstruction of the existing concept of internalized homophobia demonstrated the need for a new understanding of this experience and a different means of operationalizing the construct in men who have sex with men. This study introduces a new unified theory of sexual prejudice and a valid and reliable new psychometric tool to assess the concept of internalized sexual prejudice (ISP). A sample of 125 men who visited websites popular among men who have sex with men (MSM) were recruited to complete a survey that assessed ISP. Instrument development procedures, including factor, reliability, and validity analyses were conducted to refine …

Functionality, Parsimony, Discovery, Avoiding Hamartia: How Evolutionary Perspectives Are Changing Psychology, Brooke N. Jenkins, Aaron T. Goetz

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Evolutionary psychology offers an important perspective to scientific psychology. Evolutionary psychology, in its short existence, has added an abundance of knowledge to the social sciences, let alone psychology. The study of human cognition and behavior remains incomplete without an evolutionary perspective. Here, we argue that evolutionary psychology uniquely provides a complete understanding of scientific psychology because it explains the functions of our psychological traits, provides us with the most parsimonious explanation of many psychological phenomena, predicts undocumented phenomena, and possibly allows us to avoid the downfalls of some of our contemptible evolved psychological mechanisms.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing Affects Auditory Processing In 5–7 Year-Old Children: Evidence From Brain Recordings, Alexandra P.F. Key, Dennis L. Molfese, Louise O’Brien, David Gozal

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Poor sleep in children is associated with lower neurocognitive functioning and increased maladaptive behaviors. The current study examined the impact of snoring (the most common manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing) on cognitive and brain functioning in a sample of 35 asymptomatic children ages 5–7 years identified in the community as having habitual snoring (SDB). All participants completed polysomnographic, neurocognitive (NEPSY) and psychophysiological (ERPs to speech sounds) assessments. The results indicated that sub-clinical levels of SDB may not necessarily lead to reduced performance on standardized behavioral measures of attention and memory. However, brain indices of speech perception and discrimination (N1/P2) are sensitive …

History Of Maltreatment And Psychiatric Impairment In Children In Outpatient Psychiatric Treatment, Kerry Gagnon

Honors Scholar Theses

There is increasing evidence that childhood victimization and attachment disruptions impact a child’s development. In this study, children and adolescents from an outpatient psychiatric clinic were assessed, measuring history of trauma, history of out-of-home placement, initial diagnoses, and CBCL internalizing and externalizing problem scores. Multiple regression analyses showed that both violent abuse trauma (physical/sexual abuse) and victim trauma (physical abuse/sexual abuse/witnessing domestic violence/witnessing community violence) are prevalent among patients with externalizing severity problems; concluding that diagnosis alone may not account for a history of victimization, but externalizing problem severity does. Overall, the study is consistent with past literature that it …

Examining Adolescent Suicide: How To Identify The Risks, Kelsey Moellering

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Frequency And Spatial Characteristics Of Highfrequency Neuromagnetic Signals In Childhood Epilepsy, Jing Xiang, Yang Liu, Yingying Wang, Elijah G. Kirtman, Cincinnati Children’S Hospital Medical Center Kotecha, Yangmei Chen, Xiaolin Huo, Hisako Fujiwara, Nat Hemasilpin, Ki Lee, Francesco T. Mangano, James Leach, Blaise Jones, Ton Degrauw, Douglas Rose

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Purpose. Invasive intracranial recordings have suggested that high-frequency oscillation is involved in epileptogenesis and is highly localized to epileptogenic zones. The aim of the present study is to characterize the frequency and spatial patterns of high-frequency brain signals in childhood epilepsy using a non-invasive technology. Methods. Thirty children with clinically diagnosed epilepsy were studied using a whole head magnetoencephalography (MEG) system. MEG data were digitized at 4 000 Hz. The frequency and spatial characteristics of high-frequency neuromagnetic signals were analyzed using continuous wavelet transform and beamformer. Threedimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for each patient to localize magnetic sources. …

Simulation Results For Highlighting Runway Safety Critical Information On Cockpit Displays Of Traffic Information, Peter Moertl

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This paper describes the results of a human in the loop simulation that evaluated enhancements to a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI). Runway safety critical information was highlighted on the CDTI to facilitate flight crew situation awareness and conflict detection for different groups of pilots (General Aviation and commercial) and under different operational settings (crew and single pilot). The evaluated CDTI enhancements are currently being defined by RTCA Special Committee 186 and based on the use of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). The results suggest that highlighting of certain traffic relevant information is promising to increase pilot’s hazard detection over …

The Coming Paradigm-Shift In Maintenance: From Metals To Composites, Alan Hobbs, Connie Brasil, Barbara Kanki

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the current maintenance practices of airline operators in the detection and repair of damage to composite structures, with the aim of learning lessons that will be applicable to the maintenance of future advanced composite airplanes. A process map was created to capture the events and activities that occur from the moment a damage event occurs, through damage detection, assessment and repair. The study is identifying areas where operational risks may negatively impact the process, where personnel are required to make judgments in the absence of procedural guidance, and areas where future tools …

Nextgen Flight Deck Human Factors Issues, Ken Funk, Robert Mauro, Immanuel Barshi

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This paper describes a project to compile, from a literature review and preliminary analyses, an initial but reasonably comprehensive list of NextGen flight deck human factors issues. It describes the methodology that was used, presents representative issues from the list that resulted, and makes recommendations to continue work to update the list and use it as the basis for suggested NextGen flight deck standards and design requirements.

Modeling The Effects Of Hud Visual Properties And Configurations On A Multi-Dimensional Measure Of Clutter, Sang-Hwan Kim, David B. Kaber, Karl Kaufmann, Theo Veil, Amy L. Alexander, Emily M. Stelzer, Lawrence J. Prinzel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The objectives of this study were to: validate a multidimensional measure of display clutter for advanced head-up displays (HUDs) incorporating enhanced and synthetic vision systems (EVS/SVS); assess the influence of HUD configuration on pilot perceptions of display clutter and flight performance; and model clutter scores in terms of visual display properties. Eighteen pilots flew a flight simulator in a landing approach using three different sets of HUD configurations (low, medium, or high clutter). Pilot ratings of overall display clutter and its underlying dimensions were recorded along with flight performance measures (deviations from localizer, glideslope, altitude and approach speed). A display …

Design Of An Ecological Vertical Separation Assistance Cockpit Display, F. M. Heylen, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A tactical navigation support tool was designed to effectively deal with conflict situations in the vertical plane, while preserving travel freedom as much as possible. Based on Ecological Interface Design principles, the Vertical Separation Assistance Display is developed as an extension to the existing Vertical Situation Display. Functional information is presented via overlays that show pilots how their vertical maneuvering possibilities are constrained by ownship performance, and by limits imposed by surrounding traffic. A questionnaire-based evaluation shows that the ecological overlays considerably improved pilot traffic awareness in vertical conflict situations.

Team Workload: A Construct Worth Pursuing?, Gregory J. Funke, Benjamin A. Knott, Scott M. Galster, Rebecca D. Brown

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

To date, little research has been conducted on the workload experienced by teams. Attempts to evaluate team workload have typically relied upon validated measures of individual workload, but this approach may not adequately capture the drivers of team workload. Data from three previous research experiments were reexamined using hierarchical multiple regression in the present analysis. Each of the experiments assessed individual and team workload, though the measures employed differed in each. The goal was to investigate whether addition of team workload measures improved prediction of team performance after variance associated with experimental manipulations and individual workload had been removed. Results …

Family Factors Influencing Female Aerospace Student’S Choice Of Major, Gail Zlotky, Wendy S. Beckman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In an effort to understand the factors that influence female student choice of an aviation career, a qualitative study was undertaken. Female Aerospace students at Middle Tennessee State University were interviewed to determine if there were common factors that encouraged them to pursue education in aviation. A content analysis of the interviews was performed, and the most commonly cited factor was having parents who were supportive of education. It was noteworthy that the majority of interviewed students did not have parents who specifically encouraged aviation as a course of study, but instead were open to their daughter pursuing a career …

Determinants Of Conflict Risk Judgments In Air Traffic Control, Stéphanie Stankovic, Esa Rantanen, Nicolas Ponomarenko, Shayne Loft

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of conflict risk judgments in air traffic control. Fourteen expert controllers made conflict risk judgments about air traffic situations in which three variables (conflict geometry, time of closest point of approach or TCPA, and vertical separation between aircraft) were manipulated. The results indicate that conflict geometry, TCPA, and the vertical separation between aircraft significantly influenced judgments of conflict risk. In addition, there was a significant interaction between these three variables. Risk perception was largest under conditions where aircraft were on the same headings, with short TCPA, and no minimum vertical …

Design And Evaluation Of A Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (Cpdlc) Interface, John Fugedy, Emmanuel Letsu-Dake Phd, Dave Pepitone Phd, Joe Rakolta, Craig Schimmel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Data link communications will, for the most part, replace voice communications between aircraft and air traffic control (ATC) systems in Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). One goal in implementing data link communications is to establish Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) procedures, logic and page designs with existing equipment that will maximize total system-pilot efficiency. A new message menu tree index was developed to provide quick and easy access to all CPDLC messages (uplinks and downlinks as defined by RTCA SC-214). Page formats were also developed to minimize errors and enhance the efficiency of pilots in data link communications. …

Stress Training Efficacy In An Aviation Context, Christopher K. Mcclernon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Stress is regularly introduced in training to prepare troops for stressful environments and situations, although there is very little empirical evidence for stress training's effectiveness, implementation and pedagogy. Twenty novice participants were recruited and assigned to either a stress-trained (cold pressor), treatment group or a control group. Stress training was effective at improving the treatment group’s performance during a final criterion session on an aircraft navigation task compared to the control group. In addition, the stress-trained group showed lower criterion heart rate variability, skin conductance, and subjective stress ratings compared to the control group. This research demonstrates stress training as …

Applied Threat And Error Management: Toward Crew-Centered Solutions, Eric E. Geiselman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

For an operator, a high level of understanding regarding procedures enables appropriate defenses to be built into a robust Threat and Error Management (TEM) framework. Currently, airline flightdeck crewmember training and reference information is concentrated heavily on what and how procedures are performed, but not on why they must be performed a standard way. This missing component of certainty invites misinterpretation of the standards and induces error. I propose a Crew-Centered TEM (CC/TEM) approach designed to arm flight crewmembers with more depth of procedural understanding than that currently afforded. A recent accident where human error was identified as a probable …