Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Commons^™

Uji Aktivitas Anti-Inflamasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Americanum L.) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Yang Diinduksi Karagenan, Fadlina Chany Saputri, Rita Zahara

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) is an aromatic plant that contains citral and known as anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil kemangi leaves on carrageenan-induced rat. The male rats were divided into six groups, each consisting of four rats. Group I as negative control was given 0.5% CMC solution, group II as positive control was given diclofenac sodium, group III was given sitral, groups IV, V and VI were given 40 mg/200 g BW, 80 mg/200 g BW, and 160 mg/200 g BW essential oil of Ocimum americanum L., emulsified …

Pengaruh Cara Pengeringan Simplisia Daun Senggani (Melastoma Malabathricum L.) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Menggunakan Metode Dpph (2,2-Difenil-1-Pikrilhidrazil), Sri Luliana, Nera Umilia Purwanti, Kris Natalia Manihuruk

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Drying is the most important step to keep the compound stability in simplicia. The objective of this research is to know the effect of drying methods on antioxidant activity in Melastoma malabathricum L. The drying methods tested were oven-drying at 40°C, direct sunlight, indirect sunlight, air-drying at ± 25°C and fresh samples as control. Result revealed that the drying methods of simplicia were significant differences for antioxidant activity in Melastoma malabathricum L. (p < 0,05). Drying method that has the highest antioxidant activity was by air-drying at ± 25°C is 54.60 %.

Perbandingan Efek Larvasida Minyak Atsiri Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) Varietas Zanzibar Dengan Temephos Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti, Ridzmullah Wishnu Pamungkas, Neneng Syarifah Syafei, Arto Yuwono Soeroto

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The use of temephos as larvicides in disease prevention Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia has been going on for 40 years. Larviciding very long led the resistance to temephos. Cloves, one of native Indonesia plant contains eugenol that are toxic to the insect’s body. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Zanzibar clove leaf essential oil compared to temephos in killing the larvae of Aedes aegypti. This study uses experimental laboratory research design. The samples are larvae of Aedes aegypti stage III. The mosquito larvae were classified into six groups, each given a clove leaf essential oil with …

Efektivitas Snedds Ekstrak Kulit Manggis Terhadap Bakteri P. Mirabilis Dan S. Epidermidis Yang Terdapat Pada Ulkus Diabetik, Rafika Sari, Liza Pratiwi, Pratiwi Apridamayanti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Mangosteen rind possesses the ability to conduct antibacterial activity. Under the development relating to drug delivery system, SNEDDS were known to boost the penetration of active compound. The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity at both SNEDDS preparation and the ethanol extract of mangosteen rind as the antibacteria against the bacteria that cause diabetic ulcers with the most prevalence whether it was Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria like Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research started by maceration process with the crude extract as the result continued with the phytochemical screening which …

Evaluation Of Accurate Dietary Supplement Product Labeling, Laura Hitchcock, Brandon Kong, Hoang Pham, John Redwanski

Pharmacy Practice Faculty Posters

Herbal supplement sales in the U.S. increased by 7.5% between 2014 and 2015, from $6.441 billion to $6.922 billion, according to newly released data from the Nutrition Business Journal (NBJ). Dietary supplements and over-the-counter medications (OTC’s) do not have to be proven safe or effective before being sold to consumers like prescription medications. Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, manufacturers only have to prove their product causes no harm to consumers. Dietary supplement labels are not reliable, since they are not regulated. Without verification a consumer cannot be sure that what is stated on the label …

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd

Franklin D. Shuler

Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation of …

Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Bakteriosin Dari Minumance Hun Tiau, Rafika Sari, Lia Deslianri, Pratiwi Apridamayanti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Lactic acid bacteria is one of the beneficial bacteria because it can produce an antimicrobial peptide called bacteriocin. Bacteriocin has been applied as a natural food preservative because it effectively prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food or drink. This study aims to identify the lactic acid bacteria as producers of bacteriocin from Ce hun tiau which have inhibitory activity againts pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella typhi. In this study, Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Ce Hun Tiau using streak plate method on media deMan Rogose Sharpe. Screening bacteriocin using disc diffusion method …

Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Petai (Parkia Speciosa Hassk.) Terhadap Kadar Superoksida Dismutase (Sod) Pada Plasma Tikus Yang Mengalami Stres Oksidatif, Ruth Haryati Butarbutar, Robiyanto Robiyanto, Eka Kartika Untari

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Cigarette smoke is free radicals superoxide resources that contains, hydrogen peroxide, hidrosil and peroksil. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzymatic antioxidants that protect cells from oxidative stress by catalyzing superoxide dismutase (O2 *) into O2 and H2O2 . This study aims to determine the potential of ethanolic extract petai leaves against plasma SOD enzyme activity in animals exposed by cigarette smoke. The simplicia extracted by maseration using ethanol 96%. Thirty-six rats Sprague Dawley strain were divided into six groups: normal group was not given treatment, negative group received 10% CMC-Na, positive control group received vitamin E, and treatment group received …

Antibiotic Sensitivity In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Of Diabeticpatient’S Foot Ulcer, Pratiwi Apridamayanti, Khairunnisa Azani Meilinasary, Rafika Sari

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients are at risk to have the diabetic ulcer. The main reason for DM’s patient with ulcer complication to be treated and healed in hospital is bacterial infection. One of many bacteria that infects diabetic ulcer is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effort to treat this infection is by using antibiotic. The use of antibiotic unfortunately, is often found inaccurate causing the microbe resistance to occur. To choose the right antibiotic, it needs to test the antibiotic’s sensitivity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sample used was …

Validasi Metode Analisis Ofloksasin Dalam Plasma In Vitro Secara Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi-Fluoresensi Mengacu Pada European Medicines Agency Guideline, Letitia Tania, Eme Stepani Sitepu, Yahdiana Harahap

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Ofloxacin is an antibiotic from second generation of fluoroquinolones group. Concentration of ofloxacin in human plasma is in low level, and due to that fact, it requires a selective, accurate, sensitive method of analysis. In this study, the optimization and validation of ofloxacin analysis in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence with ciprofloxacin-HCl as an internal standard were carried out. Separation of ofloxacin was performed using C18 (Waters, SunfireTM 5 µm; 250 x 4.6 mm) column with an isocratic mobile phase consisted of triethylamine 1% in water pH 3.0–acetonitrile (84:16) in the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, 40oC column …

Optimasi Kombinasi Karbopol 940 Dan Hpmc Terhadap Sifat Fisik Gel Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Metanol Daun Kesum (Polygonum Minus Huds.) Dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design, Rafika Sari, Siti Nani Nurbaeti, Liza Pratiwi

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Indonesia especially Kalimantan Barat well known by its biodiversity, one of the potential resource is Kesum leaves. Kesum leaves are potential by its antibacterial effect, so that it can be formulated into pharmaceutical dosage form, especially gel. This research aims to know the best comparison between Carbopol 940 and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gel base affecting the physical stability of methanol extract and fraction of kesum leaves gel by Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. Gels were prepared into three variation base such as gel A (100% Carbopol - 0% HPMC); gel B (0% Carbopol - 100% HPMC); and gel C (50% …

Countercurrent Chromatography Fractions Of Plant Extracts With Anti-Tuberculosis Activity, Douglas Armstrong, Nathan C. Krause, Drew Frey, J. Brent Friesen, Baojie Wan, Jordan Gunn, Scott Franzblau

Faculty Scholarship – Chemistry

Samples of numerous plant species were received from the southwestern part of the USA, from Richard Spjut, and plant samples were collected here in Illinois. All were extracted with typical solvents, giving crude residues, some of which were subjected to chromatographic methods. Some of the crude residues and some of the fractions were tested for anti-tuberculosis activity and/or antibacterial activity.

In a general way, bioactive natural products are dealt with very well by Liang & Fang. More specifically, the southwestern part of the United States has a large variety of indigenous plants many of which have not been investigated for …

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K₂ (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation …

Uji Aktivitas Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Secara In-Vitro Oleh Isolat 6,4’-Dihidroksi-4-Metoksibenzofenon-2-O-Β-D Glukopiranosida(C20h22o10) Yang Diisolasi Dari Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl), Aprilita Rina Yanti Eff, Sri Teguh Rahayu, Resta Dwi Syachfitri

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Hyperuricemia is a condition in which an increasing in uric acid levels abovenormal. Hyperuricemia is a major factor in the development of gout. Gout is adisease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the tissues dueto elevated levels of uric acid. Crown gods (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) is Indonesia native medicinal that has effect such as lowering blood pressure, diabetes mellitus drugand lowering uric acid levels. One of the chemical constituents of this plant is abenzopheneon compound that is 6,4’-dihydroxy-4-metoksi benzofenon-2-O-β-D-glukopiranosida (C20H22O10). Research was conducted to determine the activity of 6,4’-dihydroxy -4-metoksi benzofenon-2-O-β-D-glukopiranosida (C20H22O10) that isolated from Crown …

Uji Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Secara In Vitro Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan, Nurul Eka Putri, Rissyelly Rissyelly, Marista Gilang Mauldina

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Hyperuricemia is a condition have higher uric acid levels that can cause a cumulation uric acid crystals in the tissues. Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme which catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine into xanthine and into uric acid.Therefore, the inhibition of xanthine oxidase will reduce ammount of uric acid. This research aims to determine xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and also to identify chemical constituent group of extract rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) skin. Rambutan fruit skin was extracted by graded maceration using a three solvent, based on polarity the solvent are n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The test of inhibition xanthine oxidase …

Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Americanum L.) Terhadap ~ Motilitas Usus Mencit Putih Jantan, Dewi Sriyani, Fadlina Chany Saputri

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) is a well known plant that contains essential oils with citral as a major compound. Citral is reported to have beneficial effect on intestinal motility. In the present study, we investigated the effect of essential oil of kemangi leaves (Ocimum americanum L.) on male DDY mices intestinal motility. Thirty mices were divided into six groups and each group was pretreated with 0,2 ml of 0,5% CMC (negative control), 1 mg/kg BW of atropine sulfate (positive control), 5 mg/kg BW of citral (comparative control), and three dose variation of volatile oil of kemangi leaves (25 mg/kg BW; …

Uji Aktivitas Antiproliferasi Formula Liposom Ekstrak Etanol Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47d, Gabriella Pasaribu, Iskandarsyah Iskandarsyah, Erny Sagita

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Breast cancer is one of deadliest diseases in world. Turmeric extract was known to have antiproliferative activity. To minimize its toxicity, turmeric extract was encapsulated with liposome, a vesicle lipid bilayer functioned as cancer drug carrier in body. This research aimed to determine encapsulation effect of turmeric ethanol extract against antiproliferative activity in T47D breast cancer cells through in vitro assay. Liposomes was made using thin layer method and particle size was reduced by extrusion. Materials used are phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and turmeric extract. Optimization of liposomes was made in three formulations with different concentrations of extract. Most optimal formulation was …

Karakterisasi Dan Stabilitas Fisik Mikroemulsi Tipe A/M Dengan Berbagai Fase Minyak, Endang Wahyu Fitriani, Erlina Imelda, Christina Kornelis, Christina Avanti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

This research consists of formulation, characterization and physical stability of the microemulsion of water-in-oil type. On the microemulsion, VCO, palm oil, olive oil and soybean oil were used as oil phase, aqua demineralisata used as the aqueous phase, a combination of Span® 80 and Tween® 80 as a surfactant and propanol as cosurfactant. Each formula was three times replication done and determined the physical characteristics including organoleptic observations, measurements of density, droplet, viscosity, flow properties, and pH. Determination of physical characteristics was done at the beginning of the microemulsion formed and after 5 weeks storage at room temperature. The physical …

Antibacterial Derivatives Of Marine Algae: An Overview Of Pharmacological Mechanisms And Applications, Emer Shannon, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

The marine environment is home to a taxonomically diverse ecosystem. Organisms such as algae, molluscs, sponges, corals, and tunicates have evolved to survive the high concentrations of infectious and surface-fouling bacteria that are indigenous to ocean waters. Both macroalgae (seaweeds) and microalgae (diatoms) contain pharmacologically active compounds such as phlorotannins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, peptides, and terpenes which combat bacterial invasion. The resistance of pathogenic bacteria to existing antibiotics has become a global epidemic. Marine algae derivatives have shown promise as candidates in novel, antibacterial drug discovery. The efficacy of these compounds, their mechanism of action, applications as antibiotics, disinfectants, and …

Current Therapeutic Role And Medicinal Potential Of Scutellaria Barbata In Traditional Chinese Medicine And Western Research, Geyang Tao, Marcy J. Balunas

Honors Scholar Theses

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Scutellaria barbata is a common herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) most often used to treat cancer. S. barbata has been found to exhibit efficacy both in vitro and in vivo on a variety of cancer types. Similarly encouraging results have been shown in patients with metastatic breast cancer from Phase Ia and Ib clinical trials. This study aims to elucidate the current use of S. barbata by TCM practitioners and in current Western research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen TCM practitioners in Beijing and Nanjing, China to understand their clinical use of …

The Effect Of Luteolin On Human Glioblastoma, David M. Anson, Samson Amos, Robert L. Paris, Denise S. Simpson

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is widely recognized as the most common and lethal of the malignant gliomas. Few effective therapeutic treatments are available as five-year survival rates of diagnosed individuals are less than five percent. Luteolin, a common flavonoid found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, has demonstrated significant promise in combating cancers of the breast, colon, liver, lung, and bone. In this study, we investigated the effects of luteolin on glioblastoma multiforme cell lines U-251, U-87, and U-1242. Cell viability was assessed using cell count with trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. Results revealed that luteolin reduces GBM cell …

The Effects Of Apigenin On Cell Proliferation And Apoptosis In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Trevor Stump, Brittany Santee, Lauren Williams, Chelsae Heinze, Rachel Kunze, Samson Amos, Denise S. Simpson

The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV brain tumor. These tumors are highly proliferative, infiltrative, necrotic, angiogenic, and resistant to apoptosis. One major characteristic of GBM is the overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which leads to cell growth and proliferation when activated. GBM is very difficult to treat due to its location, heterogeneity, and invasiveness; an effective treatment is therefore needed. The use of flavonoids, which are natural compounds found in many fruits and vegetables, has been studied in the treatment of many different tumor types. Apigenin is a specific flavonoid that has previously been shown to …

Almond Supplementation Reduces Serum Uric Acid In Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial., Humaira Jamshed, Anwar Gilani, Fateh Ali Tipoo Sultan, Faridah Amin, Jamshed Arslan Arslan, Sumaira Ghani, Madiha Masroor

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective

Elevated serum uric acid (UA), a biomarker of renal insufficiency, is also an independent prognostic marker for morbidity in coronary artery disease (CAD) and poses serious health risks. This study reports the effect of almond consumption on UA in CAD patients.

Study design

A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with three groups: no-intervention (NI), Pakistani almonds (PA) or American almonds (AA). Patients were recruited from the Cardiology Clinics, Aga Khan University Hospital. Two follow-ups were scheduled at week-6 and week-12. 150 patients were randomly divided in three groups (50 per group). NI was not given almonds, whereas the …

Piperlongumine (Piplartine) And Analogues: Antiproliferative Microtubule-Destabilising Agents, Mary J. Meegan, Seema M. Nathwani, Brendan Twamley, Daniela M. Zisterer, Niamh O'Boyle

Articles

Piperlongumine (piplartine, 1) is a small molecule alkaloid that is receiving intense interest due to its antiproliferative and anticancer activities. We investigated the effects of 1 on tubulin and microtubules. Using both an isolated tubulin assay, and a combination of sedimentation and Western blotting, we demonstrated that 1 is a tubulin-destabilising agent. This result was confirmed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, which showed that microtubules in MCF-7 breast cancer cells were depolymerised when treated with 1. We synthesised a number of analogues of 1 to explore structure-activity relationships. Compound 13 had the best cytotoxic profile of this series, …

Phytopharmaceuticals In Mongolia: Past, Present, And Future, Disan Gunbilig, Ulziinyam Rentsendorj

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Over the last two decades, the consumption of medicinal plants has increased in Mongolia. Once banned by the post-revolutionary government, it is now valued by the practitioners of orthodox medicine, government as well as by the society. Yet the scientific community has to give this major and crucial component of traditional Mongolian medicine the attention it deserves, scientific knowledge about biologically active principles within medicinal plants remain poorly unknown. At the same time, due to over exploitation of plants many species are becoming extinct together with invaluable traditional knowledge being lost. For these reasons, there is a certain urgency to …

Cytotoxicity And Chemical Investigation Of The Aerial Parts Of Markhamia Zanzibarica (Bojer Ex Dc.) K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae), Dina M. El-Kersh, Riham S. El Dine, Dina R. Abou-Hussein, Fatma S. El-Sakhawy, Mohamed M. Elmazar

Pharmacy

The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Markhamia zanzibarica (Bignoniaceae) was tested for its cytotoxic activity against human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa). It showed a potent effect with an IC50 of 9.68 μg/ml compared to Doxorubicin (7.28 μg/ml). The fractions obtained from the successive partitioning of the total extract, were tested against the same cell line; the results revealed that n-hexane extract was the most potent 9.23 μg/ml, followed by ethyl acetate, butanol and chloroform fractions with IC50 of 21.2, 22.4 and 49.6 μg/ml, respectively. Column chromatography led to the isolation of oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2) …

The Influence Of Safety, Efficacy, And Medical Condition Severity On Natural V. Synthetic Drug Preference, Brian P. Meier, Courtney M. Lappas

Psychology Faculty Publications

Research indicates that there is a preference for natural v. synthetic products, but the influence of this preference on drug choice in the medical domain is largely unknown. We present 5 studies in which participants were asked to consider a hypothetical situation in which they had a medical issue requiring pharmacological therapy. Participants ( N = 1223) were asked to select a natural, plant-derived, or synthetic drug. In studies 1a and 1b, approximately 79% of participants selected the natural v. synthetic drug, even though the safety and efficacy of the drugs were identical. Furthermore, participants rated the natural drug as …