Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Commons^™

Phytochemistry, Antioxidant And Cytotoxic Activities Of Hibiscus (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) Extract On Mcf-7 Breast Cancer Cells, Ade Arsianti, Isma Zahira Suhaima, Steven Gill, Ajeng Megawati Fajrin, Lince Dameria Nadapdap, Norma Nur Azizah, Hiroki Tanimoto, Shun Hirota

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women with a very high mortality rate. This cancer is caused by uncontrolled growth of breast cells. Treatments for this malignancy are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, however those methods can cause adverse effects and quite expensive. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are also used to support those main treatments, one of them is herbal medicine. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is known to have various phytochemical components with antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and analgesic activities. This study is aimed to determine the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract towards …

Identification Of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors In Single-Clove Black Garlic Using Metabolomics And Molecular Docking Approaches, Abdul Aziz Setiawan, Shirly Kumala, Dian Ratih Laksmitawati, Ari Yuniarto, Nancy Dewi Yuliana

Makara Journal of Science

Black garlic is produced through controlled fermentation under specific temperature and humidity conditions, during which the Maillard reaction enhances its sensory properties and bioactivity. The anti-hyperuricemic potential of single-clove black garlic (SBG) remains unexplored. This study combined Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics and an in-silico approach to identify the potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI) in SBG. Methanolic extracts (10 ppm) exhibited xanthine oxidase inhibition ranging from 50.09% to 68.01%, which is comparable to allopurinol (78.74%) at the same concentration. Metabolomic profiling tentatively identified 45 compounds, and orthogonal partial least squares analysis revealed seven metabolites as strongly correlated …

Single-Step Synthesis Of Activated Carbon From Arabica Spent Coffee Ground Using K2co3 As Activator Agent, Ghina Ivana Mieldan, Yuliusman Yuliusman

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Activated carbon is a nanomaterial that is often used as an effective adsorbent. Activated carbon raw materials can use biomass, such as coffee grounds, which can be found along with the growth of public interest in coffee drinks. Chemical activators are used for activation to increase biomass carbon's adsorption capacity. Using K₂CO₃ activator to increase the specific surface area of activated carbon is more harmless than KOH. The use of spent coffee grounds as carbon source and food additive K₂CO₃ as an activator can make food-grade activated carbon that can be used for food. …

Effect Of Alkyd And Polyester Resin Compositions On Corrosion Resistance, Blistering, And Adhesion In Utilization Of Oily Sludge As Anti-Rust Coating Material, Gerets Land Kakalang, Yohanes David Kristianto, Johny Wahyuadi Mudaryoto

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Oil sludge is a waste derived from upstream and downstream activities of the oil and gas industry which is estimated at 10,000 tonnes generated from all PERTAMINA downstream activities spread across various fields, processing units and depots throughout Indonesia. Oil sludge has the same characteristics as asphalt, where asphalt in previous studies can be used as an anti-rust coating, so that the handling of oily sludge can be topped up by reusing and having its own added value. The purpose of this research is to utilise waste oily sludge as an alternative anti-rust coating material and compare alkyd resin and …

Roselle And Red Ginger: A Potential Combination Of Medicinal Plants For Hypertension Therapy, Ranum Wanudya Yunas, Siti Irma Rahmawati, Fadlina Chany Saputri, Asep Bayu, Giuseppina Chianese, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition that significantly increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Effective management is essential to prevent severe complications. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) are two medicinal plants known for their antihypertensive properties. Roselle contains bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins that exhibit vasodilatory and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, while red ginger is rich in gingerols and shogaols, which possess anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties. The complementary mechanisms of action of these two plants, including ACE inhibition, antioxidant activity, and modulation of vascular tone, result in a more …

Anthocyanin-Rich Extract From Purple Sweet Potatoes Modified Body Weight, Visceral Fat And Circulatory Il-10 In Stressed-Mice, Nia Kurnianingsih, Oktivani Adelathifa Rahma, Nabila Putri Prayogo, Qanitha Ailsya Rayhanna, Agwin Fahmi Fahanani, Ratih Paramita Suprapto, Ardani Galih Prakosa, Retty Ratnawati

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Stress-induced inflammation and oxidative stress mechanisms thus plant bioactive compounds as anti-inflammation and antioxidants are placed as novel strategies to resist the adverse effects of stress. Purple sweet potatoes (PSP) as a rich source of macronutrients and anthocyanin showed health benefits as neuroprotective and metabolic diseases. However, limited research explored the effect of PSP extract on stressed animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive compound analysis of PSP and the effect on body weight gain (BW), visceral fat (VF), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) of stressed model mice. Adult male BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks) were divided into control (CTRL), and …

Investigating The Bioactivity Potential And Standardization Of Two Stingless Bee Propolis From East Kalimantan, Paula Mariana Kustiawan, Muhammad Ali Syahbana, Rika Pratika, Muhammad Nor Ichsan, Ika Ayu Mentari, Indah Hairunnisa, Irfan Muris Setiawan, Putri Hawa Syaifie, Donny Ramadhan, Chanpen Chanchao

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The standardization of raw materials from nature is essential before they are made into products. Until now, there is still limited information regarding the standardization of propolis from stingless bees. This research aims to determine the bioactivity with standardized specific and non-specific parameters of ethanol extracts from Homotrigona apicalis and Homotrigona fimbriata propolis. The methods include organoleptic tests, tests for water-soluble and ethanol-soluble compound content, drying shrinkage tests, specific gravity tests, water content tests, metal contamination tests, phytochemical screening, and determining total phenolic and flavonoid content. The free radical scavenging capacity was measured using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, and antimicrobial …

Optimization Of External Disintegrating Materials In Wet Granulation Formulation Of Ondansetron Tablets, Yandi Permana, Syahrul Tuba, Taufik Riyadi, Sugindro Sugindro

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Inadequate management of chemotherapy-induced side effects, including nausea and vomiting, can impact the healing response of cancer patients. Ondansetron, a preferred medication for the treatment, is classified as a biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS) class II drug, which limits its bioavailability. To enhance its solubility, sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and pregelatinized starch (PG) are used as super disintegrants. This study investigates the impact of these super disintegrants on ondansetron dissolution and identifies the optimal formulation. Ondansetron tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method, with nine formulations varying in SSG and PG concentrations (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). The tablets …

Utilizing Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) From Srandakan Bantul, Indonesia For ‘Bright Fever Patch’ As An Alternative Children’S Fever Therapy, Anggita Kamalia Niswara, Nabillah Ainun Kusrinanti, Rizqi Amalia Firdaus, Azis Ikhsanudin

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

In 2022, Indonesia experienced a public health crisis involving acute kidney failure in children, traced to paracetamol syrup contaminated with ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. This underscores the urgent need for safer antipyretic alternatives. This study investigates the antipyretic potential of transdermal patches formulated with ethanol extract of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves sourced from Srandakan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Extract concentrations of 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2% were tested, alongside a negative control (no extract) and a positive control (paracetamol). The patches underwent evaluations for organoleptic properties, weight uniformity (0.41±0.02 to 0.52±0.02 g), thickness (0.36±0.03 to 0.41±0.03 mm), water absorption …

Harnessing The Potential Of Several Local Indonesian Tuber-Derived Starches As Pharmaceutical Excipients, Ronald Horison, Silvia Surini

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Starch is one of the widely required excipients in pharmaceutical dosage forms manufacturing. Indonesia’s rich biodiversity, encompassing tubers like arrowroot, taro beneng, porang, ganyong and yams, harbours the potential for novel starch excipient sources. These tubers provide starch variations with distinct functional properties influenced by the natural starch granules’ properties and amylose-amylopectin ratio. Previous research utilizing natural and modified starches from these tubers has demonstrated their potential in pharmaceutical formulation. These starch tubers have been studied and provided promising results in tablet formulation and film development. Additionally, they could be involved in developing more advanced dosage forms, such as starch …

Application Of Pvp Va 64 And Poloxamer 188/407 In Solid Dispersion Technology For Improving Solubility Of Valsartan, Sulastari Cahyani, Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Valsartan, Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drug, exhibits pH-dependent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract, which increases at pH levels above 5. Its low solubility results in a bioavailability of only 23%, necessitating efforts to enhance it. This study aims to improve the solubility of valsartan using a solid dispersion system. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA 64), a hydrophilic polymer, was incorporated to inhibit the recrystallization of valsartan, while poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407, used as surfactants, aimed to enhance valsartan’s solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate. Valsartan solid dispersions were prepared using the spray drying method, and the optimal formulation …

Biosynthesis Of Agnps Mediated By Equisetum Debile Roxb. Herb Water Extract And Its Potency As An Antioxidant, Yuni Retnaningtyas, Alviani Dwi Karmilasari, Endah Puspitasari

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are metal nanoparticles currently under development. AgNPs are recognized for their remarkable stability, low reactivity, and advantageous biological properties, including antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds derived from the Equisetum debile Roxb. (Ed-R) herb have the potential to be explored as bio-reduction and capping agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The primary objective of this study is to synthesize AgNPs using a water extract from Ed-R herb and to assess their antioxidant activity. The optimal composition for the biosynthesis of AgNPs comprises 10% Ed-R water extract, 8.0 mM AgNO₃, and deionized water in a ratio of …

Microencapsulation Of Cosmos Caudatus Kunth Extract Using Sodium Alginate And In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Test, Safina Samara Nur Fadlila, Oktavia Eka Puspita, Zubaidah Ningsih, Anna Safitri

Makara Journal of Science

This study aims to encapsulate Cosmos caudatus K. leaf extract in sodium alginate crosslinked with calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as coating materials through freeze-drying. Antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the applicability of the microcapsules as antidiabetic medicines. Their characteristics, antioxidant activity, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were also examined. Results indicated that the concentration of sodium alginate and pH influenced the manufacturing process of the microcapsules. The highest EE was obtained at pH 6 and alginate concentration of 2% (w/v). The IC₅₀ for the antioxidant activity of the microcapsules was 139.96 ± 1.094 μg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed …

Molecular Docking Of The Interaction Between Citrus Amblycarpa Extract Contents And Inflammatory Proteins Of Hepatic Steatosis, Lena Rosida, Dewi Indah Noviana Pratiwi, Roselina Panghiyangani, Juliyatin Putri Utami, Nasrul Idhafi, Muhammad Febriansyah, Andi Azizah Maulidia Budiarman

Makara Journal of Science

Citrus amblycarpa possesses various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal. The main active compounds in C. amblycarpa (including gamma (γ)-aminobutyric acid [GABA], hesperidin, naringin, neoeriocitrin, poncirin, quercetin, and rutin) show potential to interact with the inflammatory proteins in hepatic steatosis (such as nuclear factor kappa beta [NF-kB], tumor necrosis alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6], c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [JNK], and adiponectin). Molecular docking simulations were performed using Swiss Dock (http://www.swissdock.ch/), and analysis and visualization were conducted using Discovery Studio 4.1. Rutin, poncirin, hesperidin, and neoeriocitrin exhibit high affinities to NF-κB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and adiponectin …

Phytochemical Assay And In – Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment Of Cassava Peel (Manihot Esculenta) From Ethanol And Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Cervical Cancer Cells (Hela), Alice Hari Soejono, Surya Dwira, Puji Sari

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in a woman’s cervix. It is a result of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) and is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Some cervical cancer management including chemotherapy, which until recently continues to develop to cure the condition, is relatively expensive and comes with multiple different side effects.

Method: Manihot esculenta undergoes multilevel maceration with the solvent of ethanol and ethyl acetate. This leads to the formation of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Manihot esculenta that is analyzed through phytochemical assay and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to determine …

Antioxidant Activities And Protective Effects Of Shorea Macrophylla Leaf And Bark Extracts, Salfarina Ramli, Nik Nor Sabrina Sukri, Nur Adhwa’ Faqihah Zulkifli, Donna Maretta Ariestanti, Chee Yan Choo, Hasseri Halim, Nurhuda Manshoor, Richard Johari James

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Shorea macrophylla, also known as the ‘Engkabang’ tree or Light Red Meranti, is renowned for its role in reforestation efforts. Despite lacking records of traditional use, the reported biological activities of other species within the Shorea genus spark curiosity about the potential biological activities of this plant. Therefore, this study aims to explore the antioxidant capabilities of S. macrophylla leaf and bark extracts, along with their protective effects against oxidative stress using a brine shrimp model. In the evaluation of antioxidant potential, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were employed. Extracts were incubated in …

Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity, And In Vitro Spf Evaluation Of Pepino Fruit Extract (Solanum Muricatum Aiton) In Different Solvent Types And Concentrations, Nining Sugihartini, Girly Risma Firsty, Wahyu Kumil Laila, Sri Mulyaningsih, Ichwan Ridwan Rais

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Solvent is a key factor that affects the effectiveness of active compound extraction from plant materials (simplisia). This study aimed to determine the optimal type and concentration of solvent used in the extraction of pepino fruit based on the parameter of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activity, as well as Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. The extraction was carried out using the maceration method with ethanol or ethyl acetate as the solvent, each at concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 96%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The inhibition of tyrosinase and …

Tracing Antibacterial Compounds From Kaledang (Artocarpus Lanceifolius Roxb.) Stem Bark, Hamsidar Hasan, Tety Tuloli, Syamsul Bahri, La Ode Aman

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. or kaledang is a species of the mulberry family, Moraceae. Several extracts from its family have been reported to have antibacterial activity. Thus, it is necessary to determine compounds that have nature as antibacterial to be raw materials for antibacterial herbal medicines. The purpose of the study was to trace compounds that have antibacterial activity from Artocarpus lanceifolius stem bark. The study method was extraction by graded maceration, fractionation with column vacuum chromatography (CVC), isolation by radial chromatography, determination of antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method using the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The characterization …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Crude Fractions Of Gossypium Barbadense Leaves And Isolation Of Stigmasterol, Maryam Saddiq, Ahmed Salisu, Kamaluddeen Kabir, Yusuf Hassan

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Plants have been used in traditional medicine in different parts of the world to treat several diseases. Many studies have confirmed their medicinal values, which have led to the isolation and characterization of various potential drug candidates. This study focuses on the antimicrobial activity of crude fractions of Gossypium barbadense leaves and the isolation of active compound. The pulverized plant leave was soaked in ethanol (98% v/v), and a solvent-based fractionation was carried out using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The obtained crude fractions were screened for antimicrobial activity against four (4) clinical isolates: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas …

The Potential Of Herbal Combinations As Adjunctive Therapy For Standard Care Of Covid-19 Patients: A Lesson Learned From Indonesia, Anna Rozaliyani, Satria Pratama, Findra Setianingrum, Fenny Yunita, C. Martin Rumende

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global disaster that occurred between the end of 2019 and 2023. It caused immeasurable damage to almost all aspects of human life. The disease has opened a lot of new perspectives on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) origins and pathogenesis, the nature of the virus, the potential for new treatments, and new policies to overcome this pandemic. This review aims to know the potential of plants that are beneficial to combat the diseases, including immunomodulators in the management of COVID-19. Studies reporting COVID-19 with the keywords SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, …

Molecular Docking Analysis Of Acanthus Ilicifolius Compounds Toward Cul4b-Ddb1-Ahr-Erα Complex Protein For Antiosteoporosis Discovery, Binar Asrining Dhiani, Sarmoko Sarmoko, Retno Wahyuningrum, Akbar Yulianto

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Osteoporosis represents a significant global public health issue, particularly among the aging population. Its incidence reaches 18.3% of the total population, with the highest prevalence observed in elderly postmenopausal women. A key factor in osteoporosis is the decreased expression level of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), attributed to its degradation by the ubiquitin ligase protein complex Cullin4B (CUL4B), DNA damage binding 1 (DDB1), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), collectively known as CUL4BAhR. Acanthus ilicifolius L contains compounds exhibiting antiosteoporosis activity, primarily by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via RANKL. However, no reports exist of antiosteoporosis agents that act by inhibiting ERα degradation via CUL4BAhR. …

Exploring Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Calyx Extracts As Natural Dye And Antioxidants In Lip Cream Product: Formulation And Evaluation, Donna Maretta Ariestanti, Abdul Mun'im, Joshita Djajadisastra, Riska Amalia Putri Hutami, Redhalfi Fadhila, Richard Johari James

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Rosella, also known as Hibiscus sabdariffa L., is a plant that contains anthocyanin compounds in its calyx, which are known for their antioxidant properties. These compounds give the plant a captivating red color and can be used as natural dyes. This study aimed to exploit anthocyanins in rosella calyx as natural dyes and antioxidants in lip cream product. The formulations employed extracts from rosella calyx, a viscous extract from maceration in 96% ethanol (F1) and a commercially available powdered rosella extract (F2). Evaluation on the formulations demonstrated that both F1 and F2 effectively maintained the color integrity of the lip …

Subchronic Toxicity Study Of Sterculia Rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves Extract, Rini Prastiwi, Ester Hidayati, Riska Anggraini, Cut Mauliza, Ita Anggraini, Ema Dewanti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Ki hampelas (Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq.) is traditionally used as an antiasthma. It also reported has antioxidant and nephroprotective activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of the leaf extract of ki hampelas. The extract was orally administered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) per day for 28 days. The rats were divided into four groups, consist of consist of normal group (Na CMC 0.5%), dose 1 (50 mg/kg BW), dose 2 (200 mg/kg BW), and dose 3 (400 mg/ kg BW) of extract. The …

Antioxidant Activities Of Roja Herbal Tea: Combination Of Rosella Flower (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) And Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.), Wahyu Widowati, Teresa Liliana Wargasetia, Teddy Marcus Zakaria, Michael Sebastian Gunadi, Nathanael Halim, Sherly Santiadi, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma, Nida Firyal Fauziyah

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Herbal teas and plant-based medicines have been widely used worldwide for their therapeutic and healing qualities. Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has various benefits in preventing digestive problems, liver disease, fever, and others. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) or known as jahe in Indonesia is believed to benefit numerous clinical conditions linked to oxidative stress, including pancreatitis, hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and tumor development. They have been utilized in traditional medical practice to treat conditions such as fever, nausea, and headaches. In this study, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activities of rosella flower tea, ginger tea, and …

Study Of Anti-Hyperuricemia, Anti-Inflammatory, And Anti-Nociceptive Effects Of Hylocereus Undatus Stem Bark Extract In Animal Models, Tri Wahyuni, Sartika Harka Putri, Anton Bahtiar

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Dragon fruit, known as Hylocereus undantus (HU), has traditionally been utilized in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia, for addressing gout and rheumatism. Despite its empirical use, there is a lack of reported pharmacological research on this plant. This study aimed to explore the properties of HU extract in treating hyperuricemia, inflammation, and pain. Adenine-potassium oxonate-induced mice were employed to evaluate anti-hyperuricemia activity, measuring uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine serum levels. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity, while acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and hot plate tests were conducted to investigate anti-nociceptive effects. The results …

Combined Risk Based Inspection And Fault Tree Analysis For Repetitive 3-Phase Line Piping Leakage At West Java Offshore Topside Facility, Dona Yuliati, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, D. Rizal Asral, Donanta Dhaneswara

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Hydrocarbon releases might result in serious consequences in various aspects. In addition to the contribution to environmental pollution, repetitive leakages need high repair costs. This study aim is to minimize potential repetitive leakage for other typical 3-phase piping systems. We conducted the risk assessment by adopting Risk Based Inspection (RBI) API 581 to identify risk level, calculating piping lifetime, recommended inspection plan and mitigations. The most relevant root causes can be obtained through quantitative Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Observation and investigation was taken from eight 3-phase piping systems that experienced repetitive leakages. It has been found that the risk level …

Nitrogen Gas Quenching Pressure Effect On Bs S155 Alloy Steel In Vacuum Furnace, Agus Mulyadi Hasanudin, Eddy Sumarno Siradj

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The production of metal and alloy products requires the use of heat treatment, when during the heat treatment process, quenching is a crucial step. The quenching medium can be anything from water, a salt bath, oil, air and gas. In a vacuum furnace, pressurized gas, most frequently nitrogen (N₂) gas, serves as one of the quenching mediums. One of the drawbacks of the quenching process is the distortion and dimensional change of the parts. This paper aims to investigate the influence of nitrogen gas quenching pressure on the distortion and dimensional change of aerospace actuator gear planet parts …

In-Silico Approach For Predicting The Inhibitory Effect Of Home Remedies On Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Shankar Thapa, Mahalakshmi Suresha Biradar, Janmajoy Banerjee, Dipanjan Karati

Makara Journal of Science

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus and spreads through infected droplets inhalation. For the past 3 years, COVID-19 has become a global threat. Vaccinations are currently available and have FDA approval. During the recent pandemic, people adopted a psychological belief that home remedies (turmeric, ginger, garlic, and coriander) can prevent COVID-19. This research aimed to predict the covid-19 inhibitory activities by home remedies through an in-silico approach. The 24 bioactive constituents of four home remedies plants were downloaded from PubChem and subjected to molecular docking with the three important proteins responsible for COVID-19 pathogenesis. …

Evaluation Of Anti-Vegf And Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation Laser Therapies In Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients: A Systematic Review, Senyum Indrakila, Namira Putri Imani, Aiman Hilmi Asaduddin, Muzakiya Lailatul Karima, Lygia Angelica Widjaja

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that is one of the top five causes of blindness in those over 50. The standard treatment is pan-retinal photocoagulation, which is effective but has established side effects. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy becomes an alternative to avoid the side effects caused by laser therapy. This systematic review aims to know the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy compared to the pan-retinal photocoagulation laser therapy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This review was carried out using a systematic review checklist on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The articles reviewed …

Optimization Of 3,4-Dimethoxychalcone And Rutin Containing Gel With Simplex Lattice Design And In Vitro-In Vivo Test As A Sunscreen, Hana Anisa Fatimi, Abdul Karim Zulkarnain, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

3,4-Dimethoxychalcone and rutin, a flavonoid that contains chromophore groups, can absorb UV light and thus can be developed as a sunscreen. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum formula of 3,4-dimethoxychalcone and rutin containing gel, evaluate its physical stability, and activity of 3,4-dimethoxychalcone and rutin gel as a sunscreen through in vitro and in vivo tests. HPMC, CMC-Na, and methylcellulose were formulated into a gel base to obtain good adhesion and a clear appearance gel. Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) with Design Expert software version 10 was utilized to determine the optimum gel formulation. UVA-PF protection, photostability with …