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Articles 61 - 69 of 69
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Angiotensin Modulation Of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (Rvlm) In Cardiovascular Regulation, Erick A. Bourassa, Alan F. Sved, Robert C. Speth
Angiotensin Modulation Of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (Rvlm) In Cardiovascular Regulation, Erick A. Bourassa, Alan F. Sved, Robert C. Speth
HPD Articles
The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the presympathetic bulbospinal neurons in this region play a critical role in cardiovascular regulation. However, there is ambiguity regarding the precise anatomical coordinates of the RVLM and much still needs to be learned regarding the regulation and neurochemistry of this region. This brief review discusses some of these issues and focuses on the role of angiotensin-mediated signaling in the RVLM in blood pressure regulation.
Sex Differences In Angiotensin Signaling In Bulbospinal Neurons In The Rat Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla, Gang Wang, Teresa A. Milner, Robert C. Speth, Andrea C. Gore, Di Wu, Costantino Iadecola, Joseph P. Pierce
Sex Differences In Angiotensin Signaling In Bulbospinal Neurons In The Rat Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla, Gang Wang, Teresa A. Milner, Robert C. Speth, Andrea C. Gore, Di Wu, Costantino Iadecola, Joseph P. Pierce
HPD Articles
Sex differences may play a significant role in determining the risk of hypertension. Bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are involved in the tonic regulation of arterial pressure and participate in the central mechanisms of hypertension. Angiotensin II (ANG II) acting on angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptors in RVLM neurons is implicated in the development of hypertension by activating NADPH oxidase and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we analyzed RVLM bulbospinal neurons to determine whether there are sex differences in: 1) immunolabeling for AT(1) receptors and the key NADPH oxidase subunit p47 using dual-label immunoelectron microscopy, and …
Human Brain Contains A Novel Non-At1, Non-At2 Binding Site For Active Angiotensin Peptides, Vardan T. Karamyan, Craig A. Stockmeier, Robert C. Speth
Human Brain Contains A Novel Non-At1, Non-At2 Binding Site For Active Angiotensin Peptides, Vardan T. Karamyan, Craig A. Stockmeier, Robert C. Speth
HPD Articles
AIMS: To determine whether the novel non-AT1, non-AT2 binding site for angiotensins recently discovered in rodent brains occurs in the human brain. MAIN METHODS: Radioligand binding assays of (125)I-sarcosine(1), isoleucine(8) angiotensin II binding were carried out in homogenates of the rostral pole of the temporal cortex of human brains containing 0.3 mM parachloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), 10 microM losartan to saturate AT1 receptors, 10 microM PD123319 to saturate AT2 receptors, with or without 10 microM angiotensin II to define specific binding. Competition binding assays employed a variety of angiotensin peptides, specific angiotensin receptor antagonists, several neuropeptides and an endopeptidase inhibitor to determine …
Cannabinoid Ester Constituents From High-Potency Cannabis Sativa, Safwat A. Ahmed, Samir A. Ross, Desmond Slade, Mohamed M. Radwan, Fazila Zulfiqar, Rae R. Matsumoto, Yan-Tong Xu, Eddy Viard, Robert C. Speth, Vardan T. Karamyan, M A. Elsohly
Cannabinoid Ester Constituents From High-Potency Cannabis Sativa, Safwat A. Ahmed, Samir A. Ross, Desmond Slade, Mohamed M. Radwan, Fazila Zulfiqar, Rae R. Matsumoto, Yan-Tong Xu, Eddy Viard, Robert C. Speth, Vardan T. Karamyan, M A. Elsohly
HPD Articles
Eleven new cannabinoid esters, together with three known cannabinoid acids and Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( Delta9-THC ), were isolated from a high-potency variety of Cannabis sativa. The structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses to be beta-fenchyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 1), epi-bornyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 2), alpha-terpenyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 3), 4-terpenyl Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 4), alpha-cadinyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 5), gamma-eudesmyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 6), gamma-eudesmyl cannabigerolate ( 7), 4-terpenyl cannabinolate ( 8), bornyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 9), alpha-fenchyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 10), alpha-cadinyl cannabigerolate ( 11), Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( Delta9-THC ), Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A ( Delta9-THCA ), cannabinolic acid A ( CBNA), and cannabigerolic acid ( CBGA). Compound …
Enzymatic Pathways Of The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System: Unsolved Problems And Continuing Challenges, Vardan T. Karamyan, Robert C. Speth
Enzymatic Pathways Of The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System: Unsolved Problems And Continuing Challenges, Vardan T. Karamyan, Robert C. Speth
HPD Articles
The brain renin-angiotensin system continues to be enigmatic more than 40 years after the brain was first recognized to be a site of action of angiotensin II. This review focuses on the enzymatic pathways for the formation and degradation of the growing number of active angiotensins in the brain. A brief description and nomenclature of the peptidases involved in the processing of angiotensin peptides in the brain is given. Of primary interest is the array of enzymes that degrade radiolabeled angiotensins in receptor binding assays. This poses major challenges to studies of brain angiotensin receptors and it is debatable whether …
Placental Insufficiency Results In Temporal Alterations In The Renin Angiotensin System In Male Hypertensive Growth Restricted Offspring, Daniela Grigore, Norma B. Ojeda, Elliot B. Robertson, Antoinette S. Dawson, Contrina A. Huffman, Erick A. Bourassa, Robert C. Speth, K Bridget Brosnihan, Barbara T. Alexander
Placental Insufficiency Results In Temporal Alterations In The Renin Angiotensin System In Male Hypertensive Growth Restricted Offspring, Daniela Grigore, Norma B. Ojeda, Elliot B. Robertson, Antoinette S. Dawson, Contrina A. Huffman, Erick A. Bourassa, Robert C. Speth, K Bridget Brosnihan, Barbara T. Alexander
HPD Articles
Reduced uterine perfusion initiated in late gestation in the rat results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and development of hypertension by 4 wk of age. We hypothesize that the renin angiotensin system (RAS), a regulatory system important in the long-term control of blood pressure, may be programmed by placental insufficiency and may contribute to the etiology of IUGR hypertension. We previously reported that RAS blockade abolished hypertension in adult IUGR offspring; however, the mechanisms responsible for the early phase of hypertension are unresolved. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine RAS involvement in early programmed hypertension and to …
Prevention Of Angiotensin Ii-Induced Cardiac Remodeling By Angiotensin-(1-7), Justin L. Grobe, Adam P. Mecca, Melissa Lingis, Vinayak Shenoy, Tonya A. Bolton, Juline M. Machado, Robert C. Speth, Mohan K. Raizada, Michael J. Katovich
Prevention Of Angiotensin Ii-Induced Cardiac Remodeling By Angiotensin-(1-7), Justin L. Grobe, Adam P. Mecca, Melissa Lingis, Vinayak Shenoy, Tonya A. Bolton, Juline M. Machado, Robert C. Speth, Mohan K. Raizada, Michael J. Katovich
HPD Articles
Cardiac remodeling, which typically results from chronic hypertension or following an acute myocardial infarction, is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure and, ultimately, death. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has previously been established to play an important role in the progression of cardiac remodeling, and inhibition of a hyperactive RAS provides protection from cardiac remodeling and subsequent heart failure. Our previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) prevents cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy during chronic infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II). This, coupled with the knowledge that ACE2 is a key enzyme in the …
Angiotensin Ii Type 2 Receptor Gene Transfer Elicits Cardioprotective Effects In An Angiotensin Ii Infusion Rat Model Of Hypertension, Beverly L. Falcón, Jillian M. Stewart, Erick Bourassa, Michael J. Katovich, Glenn Walter, Robert C. Speth, Colin Sumners, Mohan K. Raizada
Angiotensin Ii Type 2 Receptor Gene Transfer Elicits Cardioprotective Effects In An Angiotensin Ii Infusion Rat Model Of Hypertension, Beverly L. Falcón, Jillian M. Stewart, Erick Bourassa, Michael J. Katovich, Glenn Walter, Robert C. Speth, Colin Sumners, Mohan K. Raizada
HPD Articles
The role of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in cardiovascular physiology remains elusive. We have developed an in vivo lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer system to study the physiological functions of the AT2R. Our objectives in this study were to determine whether the AT2R influences cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial and perivascular fibrosis in a nongenetic rat model of hypertension. Lentiviral vector containing the AT2R or saline was injected intracardially in 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. This resulted in a persistent overexpression of the AT2R in cardiac tissues. At 15 wk of age, animals were infused with either 200 ng x kg(-1) …
Ang Ii At(1) And At(2) Receptors In Developing Kidney Of Normal Microswine, Susan P. Bagby, Linda S. Lebard, Zaiming Luo, Bryan E. Ogden, Christopher Corless, Elizabeth D. Mcpherson, Robert C. Speth
Ang Ii At(1) And At(2) Receptors In Developing Kidney Of Normal Microswine, Susan P. Bagby, Linda S. Lebard, Zaiming Luo, Bryan E. Ogden, Christopher Corless, Elizabeth D. Mcpherson, Robert C. Speth
HPD Articles
To identify an appropriate model of human renin-angiotensin system (RAS) involvement in fetal origins of adult disease, we quantitated renal ANG II AT(1) and AT(2) receptors (AT1R and AT2R, respectively) in fetal (90-day gestation, n = 14), neonatal (3-wk, n = 5), and adult (6-mo, n = 8) microswine by autoradiography ((125)I-labeled [Sar(1)Ile(8)]ANG II+cold CGP-42112 for AT1R, (125)I-CGP-42112 for AT2R) and by whole kidney radioligand binding. The developmental pattern of renal AT1R in microswine, like many species, exhibited a 10-fold increase postnatally (P < 0.001), with maximal postnatal density in glomeruli and lower density AT1R in extraglomerular cortical and outer medullary sites. With aging, postnatal AT1R glomerular profiles increased in size (P < 0.001) and fractional area occupied (P < 0.04), with no change in the number per unit area. Cortical levels of AT2R by autoradiography fell with age from congruent with 5,000 fmol/g in fetal kidneys to congruent with 60 and 20% of fetal levels in neonatal and adult cortex, respectively (P < 0.0001). The pattern of AT2R binding in postnatal pig kidney mimicked that described in human and simian, but not rodent, species: dense AT2R confined to discrete cortical structures, including pre- and juxtaglomerular, but not intraglomerular, vasculature. Our results provide a quantitative assessment of ANG II receptors in developing pig kidney and document the concordance of pigs and primates in developmental regulation of renal AT1R and AT2R.