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Faculty Publications

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Articles 151 - 166 of 166

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Relationship Between Vancomycin Trough Concentrations And Nephrotoxicity: A Prospective Multicenter Trial, John A. Bosso, Jean Nappi, Celeste Rudisill, Marlea Wellein, P Brandon Bookstaver, Jenna Swindler, Patrick D. Mauldin Dec 2011

Relationship Between Vancomycin Trough Concentrations And Nephrotoxicity: A Prospective Multicenter Trial, John A. Bosso, Jean Nappi, Celeste Rudisill, Marlea Wellein, P Brandon Bookstaver, Jenna Swindler, Patrick D. Mauldin

Faculty Publications

Several single-center studies have suggested that higher doses of vancomycin, aimed at producing trough concentrations of >15 mg/liter, are associated with increased risk of nephrotoxicity. We prospectively assessed the relative incidence of nephrotoxicity in relation to trough concentration in patients with documented methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections at seven hospitals throughout South Carolina. Adult patients receiving vancomycin for at least 72 h with at least one vancomycin trough concentration determined under steady-state conditions were prospectively studied. The relationship between vancomycin trough concentrations of >15 mg/ml and the occurrence of nephrotoxicity was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for age, …

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Effects Of Androgen Receptor And Androgen On Gene Expression In Prostate Stromal Fibroblasts And Paracrine Signaling To Prostate Cancer Cells, Matthew J. Tanner, R. Charles Welliver, Mengqian Chen, Michael Shtutman, Alejandro Godoy, Gary Smith, Badar M. Mian, Ralph Buttyan Feb 2011

Effects Of Androgen Receptor And Androgen On Gene Expression In Prostate Stromal Fibroblasts And Paracrine Signaling To Prostate Cancer Cells, Matthew J. Tanner, R. Charles Welliver, Mengqian Chen, Michael Shtutman, Alejandro Godoy, Gary Smith, Badar M. Mian, Ralph Buttyan

Faculty Publications

The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in a subset of prostate stromal cells and functional stromal cell AR is required for normal prostate developmental and influences the growth of prostate tumors. Although we are broadly aware of the specifics of the genomic actions of AR in prostate cancer cells, relatively little is known regarding the gene targets of functional AR in prostate stromal cells. Here, we describe a novel human prostate stromal cell model that enabled us to study the effects of AR on gene expression in these cells. The model involves a genetically manipulated variant of immortalized human WPMY-1 …

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Anthocyanins, Phenolics, And Antioxidant Capacity Of Vaccinium L. In Texas, Usa, Wei Yuan, Lijing Zhou, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, David Creech, Shiyou Li Jan 2011

Anthocyanins, Phenolics, And Antioxidant Capacity Of Vaccinium L. In Texas, Usa, Wei Yuan, Lijing Zhou, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, David Creech, Shiyou Li

Faculty Publications

Berries of Vaccinium spp. have long been an important source of food and pharmaceutical ingredients and are considered to have high antioxidant potential. Growing blueberries in Texas, United States is a substantial industry, but there is no report on their antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and anthocyanins. This study evaluates antioxidant capacity and contents of total phenolics and anthocayanins in both fruits and leaves of 19 genotypes including five commercial cultivars and 11 selections of rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei) and southern highbush (V. corymbosum hybrids), and three native species (V. darrowii, V. arboreum, and V. fuscatum) grown in Nacogdoches, Texas. Significant …

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Preparation And Characterization Of A Standardized Anticonvulsant Ginseng Rb Extract From Panax Quinquefolius L., Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang Jan 2011

Preparation And Characterization Of A Standardized Anticonvulsant Ginseng Rb Extract From Panax Quinquefolius L., Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang

Faculty Publications

A ginseng Rb extract (GRbE) containing three major ingredients of ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) and ginsenoside Rd (G-Rd) has been shown to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activity. As such, sufficient characterization and standardization of this active GRbE are demanded to facilitate an ongoing preclinical investigation on its potential for the treatment of epilepsy. In the investigation, the methods for generating the active GRbE and isolating G-Rb1, G-Rb3, and G-Rd in large scale from Panax quinquefolius are described. The chemical profile of GRbE was characterized by identifying the structure of the individual ingredients using NMR, and the concentration of …

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Chemical Composition And Product Quality Control Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.), Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, Bharat Aggarwal Jan 2011

Chemical Composition And Product Quality Control Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.), Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, Bharat Aggarwal

Faculty Publications

Chemical constituents of various tissues of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) have been extensively investigated. To date, at least 235 compounds, primarily phenolic compounds and terpenoids have been identified from the species, including 22 diarylheptanoids and diarylpentanoids, eight phenylpropene and other phenolic compounds, 68 monoterpenes, 109 sesquiterpenes, five diterpenes, three triterpenoids, four sterols, two alkaloids, and 14 other compounds. Curcuminoids (diarylheptanoids) and essential oils are major bioactive ingredients showing various bioactivities in in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Curcuminoids in turmeric are primarily accumulated in rhizomes. The essential oils from leaves and flowers are usually dominated by monoterpenes while those from …

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Topiramate: Safety And Efficacy Of Its Use In The Prevention And Treatment Of Migraine, Ginger C. Minton, April D. Miller, P Brandon Bookstaver, Bryan L. Love Jan 2011

Topiramate: Safety And Efficacy Of Its Use In The Prevention And Treatment Of Migraine, Ginger C. Minton, April D. Miller, P Brandon Bookstaver, Bryan L. Love

Faculty Publications

Migraine headaches are typically episodic in nature and may affect nearly 10% of the population. In addition to treatment, prevention of subsequent episodes or progression to a chronic migraine state is an important therapeutic area. Topiramate is a centrally acting medication approved for both the prevention of seizures and migraine headache. At this time, the exact mechanism of how topiramate assists in migraine prevention is unknown. Several large randomized, controlled trials have aided in establishing topiramate's role in migraine prevention. Despite a favorable pharmacokinetic and adverse effect profile established in clinical trials, several additional studies, case reports and toxicology reports …

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Intravenous Ibuprofen: The First Injectable Product For The Treatment Of Pain And Fever, P Brandon Bookstaver, April D. Miller, Celeste N. Rudisill, Leann B. Norris May 2010

Intravenous Ibuprofen: The First Injectable Product For The Treatment Of Pain And Fever, P Brandon Bookstaver, April D. Miller, Celeste N. Rudisill, Leann B. Norris

Faculty Publications

This paper reviews the current data on the use of the first approved intravenous ibuprofen product for the management of post-operative pain and fever in the United States. The management of acute and post-operative pain and fever with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) is well documented. A search in Medline and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts of articles until the end of November 2009 and references of all citations were conducted. Available manufacturer data on file were also analyzed for this report. Several randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the opioid-sparing and analgesic effects of 400 and 800 mg doses of intravenous ibuprofen in …

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Hedgehog/Gli Supports Androgen Signaling In Androgen Deprived And Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer Cells, Mengqian Chen, Michael A. Feuerstein, Elina Levina, Prateek S. Baghel, Richard D. Carkner, Matthew J. Tanner, Michael Shtutman, Francis Vacherot, Stéphane Terry, Alexandre De La Taille, Ralph Buttyan Apr 2010

Hedgehog/Gli Supports Androgen Signaling In Androgen Deprived And Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer Cells, Mengqian Chen, Michael A. Feuerstein, Elina Levina, Prateek S. Baghel, Richard D. Carkner, Matthew J. Tanner, Michael Shtutman, Francis Vacherot, Stéphane Terry, Alexandre De La Taille, Ralph Buttyan

Faculty Publications

Background: Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) develops as a consequence of hormone therapies used to deplete androgens in advanced prostate cancer patients. CRPC cells are able to grow in a low androgen environment and this is associated with anomalous activity of their endogenous androgen receptor (AR) despite the low systemic androgen levels in the patients. Therefore, the reactivated tumor cell androgen signaling pathway is thought to provide a target for control of CRPC. Previously, we reported that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was conditionally activated by androgen deprivation in androgen sensitive prostate cancer cells and here we studied the potential for cross-talk …

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Virus-Triggered Ubiquitination Of Traf3/6 By Ciap1/2 Is Essential For Induction Of Interferon- &Beta (Ifn-&Beta) And Cellular Antiviral Response, Ai-Ping Mao, Shu Li, Bo Zhong, Ying Li, Jie Yan, Qi Li, Chengwen Teng Pharm.D.. Ph.D, Hong-Bing Shu Mar 2010

Virus-Triggered Ubiquitination Of Traf3/6 By Ciap1/2 Is Essential For Induction Of Interferon- &Beta (Ifn-&Beta) And Cellular Antiviral Response, Ai-Ping Mao, Shu Li, Bo Zhong, Ying Li, Jie Yan, Qi Li, Chengwen Teng Pharm.D.. Ph.D, Hong-Bing Shu

Faculty Publications

Viral infection causes activation of transcription factors NF-κB and IRF3, which collaborate to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and cellular antiviral response. Here we show that knockdown of the E3 ubiquitin ligases cIAP1 and cIAP2 markedly inhibited virus-triggered activation of IRF3 and NF-κB as well as IFN-β induction. Knockdown of cIAP1 and cIAP2 also inhibited cytoplasmic dsRNA-triggered cellular antiviral response. Endogenous coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that viral infection caused recruitment of cIAP1 and cIAP2 to TRAF3, TRAF6, and VISA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cIAP1- and cIAP2-mediated virus-triggered ubiquitination of TRAF3 and TRAF6. These findings suggest that virus-triggered ubiquitination of TRAF3 and …

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Pharmaceutical Crops: An Overview, Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Peiying Yang, Mikhail Antoun, Michael Balick, Gordon Cragg Jan 2010

Pharmaceutical Crops: An Overview, Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Peiying Yang, Mikhail Antoun, Michael Balick, Gordon Cragg

Faculty Publications

Pharmaceutical crops is an ambiguous term used by biologists and chemists for different categories of plants. We define pharmaceutical crops as those cultivated species that are used for extraction or preparation of therapeutic substances such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients used in pharmaceutical formulations, vaccines and antibodies, as well as other therapeutic proteins. Based on the type of pharmaceutical product, these crops can be classified into three distinct yet sometimes overlapping categories: crops for the production of small therapeutic molecules (STMs), large therapeutic molecules (LMTs), or standard therapeutic extracts (STEs). This review briefly discusses the relationships of pharmaceutical crops …

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An Overview Of Genus Aesculus L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Activities, Shiyou Li, Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang Jan 2010

An Overview Of Genus Aesculus L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Activities, Shiyou Li, Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang

Faculty Publications

The genus Aesculus L. (Hippocastanaceae) has 12 species distributed in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America, and Europe. In Europe and the United States, A. hippocastanum has been used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, and postoperative edema. In China, A. chinensis var. chinense has been used as a stomachic and analgesic in the treatment of distention and pain in the chest and the abdomen, malaria, dysentery, and heart disease. The objective of this paper is to review the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of the genus Aesculus. To date, more than 210 compounds have been isolated …

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Clinical Outcomes Of Antimicrobial Lock Solutions Used In A Treatment Modality: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis, P Brandon Bookstaver, Katherine R. Gerrald, Robert R. Moran Jan 2010

Clinical Outcomes Of Antimicrobial Lock Solutions Used In A Treatment Modality: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis, P Brandon Bookstaver, Katherine R. Gerrald, Robert R. Moran

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial lock therapy (ALT) may be considered as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) when catheter removal is not a favorable option. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes associated with ALT as adjunctive treatment of CRBSI. METHODS: This was a 24-month retrospective case series analysis evaluating patients treated for more than 24 hours with ALT. The primary outcome was blood culture sterilization for 30 days posttherapy. The impact of ALT duration and time to initiation on central venous catheter (CVC) salvage were evaluated. Logistic regression modeled the association between ALT and sterilization rates, with a prespecified …

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Differences In Hospital Glycemic Control And Insulin Requirements In Patients Recovering From Critical Illness And Those Without Prior Critical Illness, April D. Miller, Leslie M. Phillips, Richard M. Schulz, P Brandon Bookstaver, Celeste N. Rudisill Jan 2010

Differences In Hospital Glycemic Control And Insulin Requirements In Patients Recovering From Critical Illness And Those Without Prior Critical Illness, April D. Miller, Leslie M. Phillips, Richard M. Schulz, P Brandon Bookstaver, Celeste N. Rudisill

Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Hospital patients recovering from critical illness on general floors often receive insulin therapy based on protocols designed for patients admitted directly to general floors. The objective of this study is to compare glycemic control and insulin dosing in patients recovering from critical illness and those without prior critical illness. METHODS: Medical record review of blood glucose measurements and insulin dosing in 25 patients under general ward care while transitioning from the intensive care unit (transition group) and 25 patients admitted directly to the floor (direct floor group). RESULTS: Average blood glucose did not differ significantly between groups (transition group …

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Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In The P21 (Cdkn1a) Gene And Correlations With Longevity In The Italian Population, Silvia Gravina, Francesco Lescai, Gregory Hurteau, Graham J. Brock, Anna Saramaki, Stefano Salvioli, Claudio Franceschi, Igor Roninson May 2009

Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In The P21 (Cdkn1a) Gene And Correlations With Longevity In The Italian Population, Silvia Gravina, Francesco Lescai, Gregory Hurteau, Graham J. Brock, Anna Saramaki, Stefano Salvioli, Claudio Franceschi, Igor Roninson

Faculty Publications

Longevity in humans is determined by multiple environmental and genetic factors. We have investigated possible associations between longevity and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the p21 (CDKN1A) gene, a stress-inducible senescence-associated cell cycle inhibitor, expression of which upregulates genes implicated in several age-related diseases. By sequencing the promoter and exons of p21 in genomic DNA of ten individuals over 90 years old, we have identified 30 SNPs, many of which had not been previously characterized. A cluster of minor alleles within the -4547/-3489 bp region did not alter the basal activity or p53 responsiveness of the p21 promoter. We then …

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A Structural Interpretation Of The Effect Of Gc-Content On Efficiency Of Rna Interference, Chi Yu Chan, C Steven Carmack, Dang D. Long, Anil Maliyekkel, Yu Shao, Igor Roninson, Ye Ding Jan 2009

A Structural Interpretation Of The Effect Of Gc-Content On Efficiency Of Rna Interference, Chi Yu Chan, C Steven Carmack, Dang D. Long, Anil Maliyekkel, Yu Shao, Igor Roninson, Ye Ding

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) has become a powerful technique for eukaryotic gene knockdown. siRNA GC-content negatively correlates with RNAi efficiency, and it is of interest to have a convincing mechanistic interpretation of this observation. We here examine this issue by considering the secondary structures for both the target messenger RNA (mRNA) and the siRNA guide strand. RESULTS: By analyzing a unique homogeneous data set of 101 shRNAs targeted to 100 endogenous human genes, we find that: 1) target site accessibility is more important than GC-content for efficient RNAi; 2) …

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Repression Of The Sumo-Specific Protease Senp1 Induces P53-Dependent Premature Senescence In Normal Human Fibroblasts, Kristin E. Yates, Gregory A. Korbel, Michael Shtutman, Igor Roninson, Daniel Dimaio Oct 2008

Repression Of The Sumo-Specific Protease Senp1 Induces P53-Dependent Premature Senescence In Normal Human Fibroblasts, Kristin E. Yates, Gregory A. Korbel, Michael Shtutman, Igor Roninson, Daniel Dimaio

Faculty Publications

The proliferative lifespan of normal somatic human cells in culture terminates in a permanent growth-arrested state known as replicative senescence. In this study, we show that RNA interference-mediated repression of the genes encoding the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-specific proteases, Senp1, Senp2, and Senp7, induced low passage primary human fibroblasts to senesce rapidly. Following Senp1 repression, we observed a global increase in sumoylated proteins and in the number and size of nuclear SUMO-containing promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies. SUMO/PML bodies also increased during replicative senescence. p53 transcriptional activity was enhanced towards known p53 target genes following repression of Senp1, and inhibition of …

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