Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Home Pregnancy Test Kits, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of 10-Fold Cross Validation And Prediction Error Sums Of Squares Statistic For Population Pharmacokinetic Model Validation, Shibani Harite

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It was the objective of the current study to evaluate the ability of 10-fold cross validation and prediction error sum of squares (PRESS) statistic to identify population pharmacokinetic models (PPKM) that were estimated from data without influence observations versus PPKMs from data containing influence observations. The evaluation of 10-fold cross validation and PRESS statistic from Leave-one-out cross-validation for PPK model validation was performed in 3 Phases. In Phase 1 model parameters (theta and clearance) were estimated for datasets with and without influence observations. It was found that influence observations caused an over-estimation of the model parameters.

Ryanodine Receptor Adaptation, Michael Fill, A. Zahradníková, Carlos A. Villalba-Galea, I. Zahradník, A. L. Escobar, S. Györke

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

In the heart, depolarization during the action potential activates voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels that mediate a small, localized Ca²⁺ influx (I_Ca). This small Ca²⁺ signal activates specialized Ca²⁺ release channels, the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This process is called Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ release (CICR). Intuitively, the CICR process should be self-regenerating because the Ca²⁺ released from the SR should feedback and activate further SR Ca²⁺ release. However, the CICR process is precisely controlled in the heart and, consequently, some sort of negative control mechanism(s) must exist to …

Evaluating Cholesterol Screening In A Community Pharmacy, Osama Mohamed Ibrahim

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the role of the community pharmacist in screening, identifying, and referring ambulatory patients with high total blood cholesterol (TBC) in a community pharmacy. Fifty seven patients, out of 241 initially screened individuals, met the study inclusion criteria and were accepted into this study. Of these 57 patients, 51 patients completed the six month study period. The normal population group consisted of 164 participants with TBC < 200 mgjdL at the initial cholesterol testing (visit 1). The drop out group represented six patients who failed to continue attending the two follow up tests (visit 2 and 3). For screening purposes, a non-fasting whole blood sample was used to measure TBC using the Boehringer Mannheim Reflotron analyzer.

The project was evaluated based on mean TBC levels obtained during the initial screening and the two follow up tests, pre-test and post-test scores, behavior and …

Polyamine And Acetylpolyamine Levels During Phenylhydrazine-Induced Erythropoiesis In Mouse Spleen, Othman A. Alshabanah

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The phenylhydrazine-induced erythropoietic mouse spleen is used as a model system to demonstrate the relationship between tissue growth and polyamine metabolism. Phenylhydrazine produced significant changes in spleen weights, hematocrits and reticulocyte counts in Swiss-Webster mice. The average spleen weight went up from a control of 155 mg to 875 mg at 96 hours after phenylhydrazine administration, while a 49% reduction in the value of hematocrit was observed at 72 hours. Reticulocyte counts in peripheral blood went from 0.8 to 58% at 168 hours after treatment with phenylhydrazine. Phenylhydrazine at a dose of 40 mg/kg produced significant increases in the levels …

Investigation Of Physicochemical And Formulation Parameters For Transdermal Delivery Of Isoproterenol Hc1, Rajesh Arvindkumar Patel

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Effects of solubility, partition coefficient, pH and selected adjuvants (propylene glycol and Azone) on the percutaneous penetration of isoproterenol HC1 in vitro have been investigated using human cadaver skin. Preliminary stability studies demonstrated that isoproterenol HC1 was very stable (less than 1% decomposition) for 24 hours at 22(DEGREES) (+OR-) 0.5(DEGREES) in the pH range 1 to 7 in the following solvents: water, normal saline, propylene glycol and a series of propylene glycol-water mixtures (10,20,40 and 60% v/v). The rate of decomposition of the drug in aqueous solutions increased with pH beyond pH 8. In normal saline, the decomposition was significant …

Formulary Status Of Cephalosporins, Agnes J. Renault

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the formulary status of cephalosporins among a representative sample of hospitals in the United States. In addition, the research design attempts to determine the ranking of cephalsoporins in terms of acceptance to the hospitals' formulary and actual stocking of the cephaosoporin products. The study will attempt to ascertain the reasons for these rankings and the influence of DRG implementation, teaching status and hospital bed size on number of cephalosporins on formulary and in stock. This may yield insight into the strategies that hospitals are currently using to contain a significant proportion …

Design And Evaluation Of Theophylline Monitoring For Home Health Care Patients, May Naim Mikhail

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to design, evaluate, and determine the cost benefit of a pharmacokinetic service for home-based patients. Four randomly selected patient populations were used in evaluating the service for six months. The experimental group consisted of 17 patients who were under the care of family practice physicians in private practice and who received pharmacokinetic consultation and monitoring by a pharmacist as a home health care service. The retrospective control consisted of the same 17 patients of the experimental group whose past medical history for a period of six months was used. The concurrent control consisted of …

Opioid Receptor Effects Of Two Aminotetralin Derivatives In Guinea Pig Ileum Longitudinal Muscle And Mouse Vas Deferens Preparations, Francisca Fatima Matos

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Two substituted analogs of 3-amino-2,2-dimethyltetralin, namely 3-dimethylamino-7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-1-tetralone HBr (J) and 3-dimethylamino-7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-1-tetralol (MRSAL) were evaluated for opioid agonist and antagonist activity using the electrically-stimulated guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle and mouse vas deferens preparations. The effects of these compounds in these tissues were compared to those induced by several opioid prototype agonists at mu, kappa and delta sites (normorphine, dihydromorphine, ethylketocyclazocine, U-50,488H, beta -endorphin, dynorphin 1-13, leu-enkephalin and DADLE) and one opioid antagonist (naloxone). The results of these experiments demonstrated that compound J inhibited contractions in a concentration-dependent manner as an opioid agonist and its effects were antagonized by naloxone in …

The Partial Purification And Characterization Of A Soluble Activator For The Sodium Adenosinetriphosphatase From Rat Cerebral Cortex And The Effect Of Cholinergic Agents, Thibaldo Javier Manrique Blanco

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In order for organisms to co-exist with nonliving matter, envelop to protect their delicate internal functions must be present. There are other reasons for this boundary to exist, e.g. to limit the volume occupied by the organism and to compartmentalize the contents of the organism so that certain critical concentrations may be easily maintained. Such envelopes are, of course, the cellular membranes. Membranes differ greatly between species, as well as within species. Given the complexity to which organisms have evolved, membranes have developed with a myriad of functions and components. It is easy to see differences between plant cellular membranes …

Factors Associated With The Clinical Outcome And Nephrotoxicity In Patients Treated With Gentamicin, Wen-Hwei Chen

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This study is designed to investigate via discriminant analysis the factors that are associated with the clinical outcome and nephrotoxicity in patients receiving gentamicin.

Computerized Formulation And Optimization Of Medicated Chewing Gum, Daniel J. Berky

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Sixty Four caffeinated chewing gum preparations were formulated by varying the amounts of (i) cinnamaldhyde, (0-0.75%), (ii) docusate (0-0.5%) and (iii) sucrose (40-60%). The gum base consisted of 33.33% yellow beeswax and 66.66% polyisobutylene MH, and was added, adjusting for a final weight of 2 grams per gum. The amount of caffeine was maintained at 100mg. The preparations were subjected to an in vivo release study as well as a hedonic survey with a panel of student volunteers.

Data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression on a mainframe computer. The resulting mathematical model was used to predict a theoretically …

Comparison Of Selected Radiopharmaceutical Chromatographic Quality Control Procedures, Lawrence Ray Andreatta

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of two commercially available chromatography kits with Instant Thin Layer Chromatography-Silica Gel (ITLC-SG) and Whatman Chromatography Paper. The two commercial kits evaluated were the- MAC Klt- produced-General Radioisotopes Products, and the TECH Kit by Ackerman Nuclear.

Pharmacognosy Of The Saururaceae : Microscopy Of Powdered Drugs, Prakash Vaman Mallya

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Plants of the family Sauruaceae are used in folk medicine in various parts of the world. Chemistry of some plants of this family and their chemotaxonomy has been investigated in our laboratory (12).

It is very difficult to establish identity and authenticity of commercially available crude drugs and powders of the Saururaceae because a detailed, collective study of microscopic features of these plants is not available. Original papers establishing plants of this family (see later) do not include microscopic features; they describe only gross morphologic and other classical features required for systematics. They are not useful for a pharmacologist in …

The Effect Of Selected Adjuvants On The In Vitro Percutaneous Penetration Of Benzocaine, See-Yan Lam

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This research project was designed to test whether the in vitro percutaneous penetration of benzocaine through human cadaver skin could be enhanced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), urea, polyoxyethylene (20) isohexadecyl ether and 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) in propylene glycol/water systems. Solubility and partitioning of benzocaine in propylene glycol/water systems was investigated. The adjuvant effects were studied in a 60/40 (V/V) propylene glycol/water co-solvent system. The well known drug penetration enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide did not enhance the penetration of benzocaine at any concentration level of DMSO under the conditions of the experiment. This lack of enhancement effect was probably due to increased solubility …

The Synthesis Of Various Substituted 3-Amino-7-Hydroxy-2,2-Dimethyltetralins And Their Opioid-Related Activities, David Alan Lippman

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

A series of aminotetralones and aminotetralins were synthesized from the common intermediate F, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-7-methoxy- 1-tetralone. The final compounds derived from F were simple substituted and/or reduced analogues. The products would allow a progressive structure activity relationship to be drawn based on pharmacological testing.

The common intermediate F was synthesized utilizing a six step procedure starting with p-methoxyphenylacetic acid. The overall yield from the precursor to the F:HC1 was 25%. Compound F was either O-demethylated to form 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-l-tetralone (I) or was dimethylated on the amine and subsequently O-demethylated to yield the 3-dimethylamino-7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-l-tetralone (J). The last major modification was the reduction of …

Evaluation Of Drug Information Retrieval Services For Selected Investigational Antineoplastic Agents, Ali Al-Hasan A Al-Hefzi

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The availability of drug information that is useful to clinicians is an important need for those responsible for medication use in patients. Physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and patients routinely require access to relevant information related to rational drug therapy. The need for rapid access to relevant information has become increasingly important as the science, technology, and specialization within health care expand. Because of this expansion the literature has increased not only in size but also in complexity.

The term drug information (e.g., used in drug information service, drug information center or drug information specialist) is defined as "knowledge of facts or …

Regulation Of Protein Synthesis By Leucine And Amino Acid Balance., John Patrick Mcgowan

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The effects of a physiologically balanced mixture of amino acids on the synthesis of proteins has been investigated. The roles of leucine and tryptophan, both implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis, were also studied. The balance of amino acids is important under specific rate-limiting conditions; the physiological balance "protects" the protein synthesizing system from the stressed condition of leucine limitation. Leucine is an important regulator of protein synthesis and the tryptophan effect on translation is dependent on the concentration of leucine. Thus tryptophan is a secondary regulator. The relative concentration of amino acids, described as balance, alterned the synthesis …

The Role Of The Pharmacist In Health Care And Medical Treatment In Saudi Arabia As Perceived By The Patient, Mohammed H. Al Haidari

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Saudi Arabia, one of the developing countries, has a number of problems with the health care and medical treatment of the Saudi people. This study was undertaken to identify and to examine some of these problems and the role of the pharmacist in health education.

A questionnaire was developed and sent to 200 Saudi students in the United States; 111 completed questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire was also sent to Saudi Arabia where 51 persons were interviewed. Results of the questionnaire indicated that some of the problems identified were due to the attitudes of the person interviewed and others resulted …

Contractility Of Isolated Cardiac Muscle Obtained From Normotensive And Treated Or Untreated Hypertensive Rat Hearts : Effects Of Inotropic Agents, Mary Bassey Amanam

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, the contractility of isolated cardiac muscle obtained from normotensive and treated or untreated hypertensive rat hearts were investigated. The effects of inotropic agents were also explored •

Some SHRs were subjected to chronic antihypertensive treatment. After their blood pressure had been lowered, positive and negative inotropic agents were used to study the papillary muscles. The effects of acidosis, increased extracellular calcium, hypoxia, and reoxygenation on the isolated papillary muscles obtained from their hearts were studied. The same was done for isolated cardiac muscles that were removed from WKYs and SHRs. Isoproterenol in the absence or presence …

In Vitro Percutaneous Penetration Of Methotrexate, Rajaram Vaidyanathan

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This research project was designed to investigate the effects of various physical and chemical parameters on percutaneous penetration of methotrexate. The potential of propylene glycol in water as a vehicle for topical delivery of methotrexate has been examined. A detailed examination of solubility, partition coefficient and pH parameters in the range of 2 to 6 pH units has been conducted with the goal of correlating their effects on skin penetration of methotrexate. The importance of physiochemical parameters such as solubility and partition coefficient and their aid in the development of a suitable delivery system for topical application has been explained. …

Toxicology And Pharmacology Of N¹-Acetylspermidine And N⁸-Acetylspermidine, Othman A. Alshabanah

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The polyamines are a group of natural compounds which have been found in almost all living tissues. N¹- and N⁸- acetylspermidine have been known for a considerable time as normal constituents in human urine, but their physiological role is unknown. Recent studies have indicated the presence of enzymes in the tissues capable of converting spermidine into N¹-acetylspermidine and N⁸-acetylspermidine and other enzyme activities which catalyze deacetylation and interconversion reactions.

One approach for determining physiologic activity of an endogenous compound is to observe their pharmacologic and toxicologic effects. In the present study, the …

Release Of Cortisol From Propylene Glycol Monostearate--Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohol Films, Conway Ko-Huri Chou

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, propylene glycol monostearate (PGM), ethoxylated stearyl alcohol (ESA) and combination thereof have been investigated for their film-forming potential. The wettability, strength, and integrity of the films were evaluated by measuring the contact angles and modulus of elasticity. The films of mixed composition had smaller contact angles than the films of either component. The modulus of elasticity of all films tested was in the range of 0.19 - 0.40 Kg/cm². A series of experiments were conducted in vitro to study the effect of changes in film composition, drug concentration and rate of agitation on cortisol …

Differential Effects Of Serotonin Antagonists On Hypothermia And Stereotyped Behavior Induced By Apomorphine And Lergotrile In Rats, Rolin Lee Wade

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The naturally occuring ergot alkaloids of the fungus, Claviceps purpurea, and their many derivatives have been of neuropharmacological interest for many years because of their ability to affect peripheral and central adrenergic and serotonergic systems. More recently, selected compounds such as lergotile (2-chloro-6-methyl ergoline-8-beta acetonitrile) and and bromocriptine (2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine), have been given additional attention due to their possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of parkinson’s disease, acromegaly and other disorders. There have been considerable data published attempting to establish the mechanism(s) whereby the ergot compounds exert their effects. A large portion of these experiments involves the interaction of ergot compounds …

In Vitro Comparative Studies On The Effect Of Vinblastine Sulfate And Hyperthermia On Normal And Transformed Human Lung Fibroblasts, Fernando Alberto Duk

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Although the differential response of malignant cells to hyperthermia was observed at the end of the last century, few investigations into the phenomenon were made until fairly recently. At first the results obtained were inconsistent due mostly to the inefficient techniques in use at the time. The advent of cell and tissue culture, increased knowledge in tumor biology, advances in molecular biology, and the development of equipment which could raise and monitor the temperature of tumors during hyperthermic treatments, have made the study of the effects of supranormal temperature on malignant neoplasias substantially more reliable.

The effectiveness of the combined …

Release Of Salicylic Acid From Lanolin Alcohol-Ethyl Cellulose Films, Arshad Rahim Khan

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study lanolin alcohol films were investigated as potential drug delivery systems for the controlled release of salicylic acid. A series of experiments were conducted in vitro to study the release of salicylic acid from these films. The effect of changes in film composition and stirrer speed on drug release were examined. Seven film compositions with varying proportions of lanolin alcohol and ethyl cellulose were prepared over the ethyl cellulose concentrations of 0-30% w/w, while keeping the drug concentration at 2.5% w/w. The release data obtained in this study were examined by the Q vs ¹_/2 relationship …

Pharmacologic Investigation In Mice Of The Effects Of Narcotic Antagonists On Dopamine Agonist Reversal Of Oxotremorine Or Reserpine, Mike Minoru Namba

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, two different drugs were used to induce a Parkinson-like condition. The first drug was the centrally acting cholinergic agonist oxotremorine (OXTM) which readily induces tremor and rigidity in mice (54). This tremor has been reported to be antagonized by dopamine agonists such as L-dopa and apomorphine (50,54,55) as well as by anticholinergic drugs such as scopolamine (46) . The other drug used was reserpine which interferes with the neuronal storage of dopamine and results in its depletion in the brain (56). Reserpine induces tremor, rigidity, blepharoptosis (a drooping of the eyelids), and catalepsy (48,57-59). The catalepsy …

Biofeedback Treatment Of A Drug Induced Tremor, Ralph Nitta

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Two subjects exhibiting drug-induced hand tremor received EMG feedback from electrode sites above the forearm extensor muscles . EMG feedback resulted in reductions in muscle potentials for both subjects. However, self-report measures of tremor severity showed only general improvement in Subject l and little or no improvement in Subject 2. Behavioral measures of hand steadiness taken immediately after each treatment session showed slight changes across treatment conditions for both subjects. As indicated by a rapid increase in EMG measures during reversal, treatment effects appear transitory.

Investigation Of Lanolin Alcohol As A Film-Forming Delivery System: In Vitro Kinetics Of Triamcinolone Acetonide Release And Skin Penetration., Balasubramanian Venkataraman Iyer

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The nonpolymeric high molecular weight substances such as lanolin alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol have been investigated for their film-forming potential. Furthermore, the application of this potential in the design of topical drug-delivery systems has also been explored. The utilization of such film-forming systems may offer certain unique advantages not associated with the polymeric systems.

Stearyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol do not form films of acceptable integrity. Lanolin alcohol forms thin films capable of being isolated. Inclusion of appropriate amounts of ethyl cellulose and propylene glycol or hexadecyl alcohol in lanolin alcohol was found to improve the integrity, hardness …

Pacific Information Service On Street-Drugs October 1978, School Of Pharmacy

Pacific Information Service on Street-Drugs

No abstract provided.