Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Therapeutics To Treat Psychiatric And Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective From Algerian Traditional Medicine, Farida Larit, Francisco León Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Ancient people sought out drugs in nature to prevent, cure, and treat their diseases, including mental illnesses. Plants were their primary source for meeting their healthcare needs. In Algeria, folk medicine remains a fundamental part of the local intangible knowledge. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation and documentation of medicinal plants and the different plant formulations traditionally used in Algeria for the treatment of pain, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. It also intends to improve the current knowledge of Algerian folk medicine. Several scientific databases were used to accomplish this work. Based on this investigation, we identified 82 …

Cdk8 And Cdk19: Positive Regulators Of Signal-Induced Transcription And Negative Regulators Of Mediator Complex Proteins, Mengqian Chen, Jing Li, Li Zhang, Lili Wang, Chen Cheng, Hao Ji, Serena Altilia, Xiaokai Ding, Guoshuai Cai, Diego Altomare, Michael Shtutman, Stephanie D. Byrum, Samuel G. Mackintosh, Alexey Feoktistov, Nataliya Soshnikova, Vladislav A. Mogila, Victor Tatarskiy, Maksim Erokhin, Darya Chetverina, Angga Prawira, Yi Ni, Stephan Urban, Campbell Mcinnes, Eugenia Broude, Igor Roninson

Faculty Publications

We have conducted a detailed transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of CDK8 and its paralog CDK19, alternative enzymatic components of the kinase module associated with transcriptional Mediator complex and implicated in development and diseases. This analysis was performed using genetic modifications of CDK8 and CDK19, selective CDK8/19 small molecule kinase inhibitors and a potent CDK8/19 PROTAC degrader. CDK8/19 inhibition in cells exposed to serum or to agonists of NFκB or protein kinase C (PKC) reduced the induction of signal-responsive genes, indicating a pleiotropic role of Mediator kinases in signal-induced transcriptional reprogramming. CDK8/19 inhibition under basal conditions initially downregulated a small …

Drug Repurposing: New Mechanisms And Applications Of Existing Compounds, Biyun Celia Cui

Theses and Dissertations

HIV infection remains a significant global health challenge. Despite the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PLWH) still face a disproportionate burden of major health problems. One of these problems is HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which includes a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments. Although severe forms of HAND have decreased, milder forms are on the rise, posing a significant obstacle for PLWH.

The persistence of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS) is a challenge of HAND treatment and involves a combination of factors, including neurotoxic HIV proteins, chronic neuroinflammation, and comorbidity with substance …

Cdk8 And Cdk19 Mediator Kinases As Novel Targets In Advanced Prostate Cancer, Jing Li

Theses and Dissertations

Following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), prostate cancers (PCa) progress to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) status, where their growth becomes independent of androgen signaling, through altered androgen receptor (AR) signaling or other genetic or transcriptional changes. Metastatic CRPC remains incurable, and the most potent new drugs prolong survival by only a few months. There is an urgent need for novel agents against advanced CRPC. Here we have investigated the roles of CDK8 and CDK19, two isoforms of Mediator kinase, which regulates transcriptional reprogramming, in regard to their biological activities and as potential novel targets for the treatment of CRPC.

To …

Prevalence, Disparities, And Health Outcomes In Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Dementia, And Mild Cognitive Impairment, Xiaomo Xiong

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), an umbrella term to describe progressive neurodegenerative disorders linked to cognitive impairment and dementia, impose significant disease and economic burdens on the patients. Therefore, understanding the prevalence of these disorders is crucial, particularly for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an intermediate phase between normal aging and dementia that may be reversible through early detection and intervention. Moreover, it is essential to identify the predictors of MCI to facilitate early detection. Additionally, addressing the existing health disparities in the prevalence and treatment of ADRD and MCI is imperative to help improve patients’ health outcomes. Meanwhile, …

The Mechanism Of Pda-Peg/Copper Selectively Killing Cancer Cells And Its Application In Treating Triple-Negative Breast Cancer And Advanced Ovarian Cancer, Xiangxiang Hu

Theses and Dissertations

Cancer is one of the leading modality diseases. The number of cancer patients has increased in the last decades due to radiation, aging, stress condition, and other reasons. There are three traditional cancer therapies (radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery). Even though these treatments improve the life span of cancer patients, many cancer patients still lost their lives due to the development of tolerance. Thus, it is urgent to develop new kinds of treatments to extend the life span of patients. In recent decades, nanomedicine, which utilizes nanotechnology to deliver chemotherapy agents into tumor sites and improve the anticancer effect and …

Pd-L1 Nano-Eraser: A Novel Intracellular Pd-L1 Degradation Approach And Its Application In Cancer And Alzheimer’S Disease Therapy, Mingming Wang

Theses and Dissertations

Nanoparticle-based targeted therapeutics have revolutionized the field of pharmaceutics by providing precise and efficient drug delivery systems. These therapeutics utilize nanoparticles as carriers to transport drugs selectively to the target site, reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Although significant advancements have been made in nano-targeted therapies, there are many challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize their potential.

In this study, we proposed a novel approach to extend the potential application of anti-Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody (aPDL1) in cancer treatment and Alzheimer’s disease therapy by leveraging the Trim-Away pathway. aPDL1-based Trim-Away involves tagging target PD-L1 …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Alcohol-Attributed Deaths In The United States, 1999–2020, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Nasim Maleki, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

The disparities in alcohol-attributed death rates among different racial and ethnic groups in the United States (US) have received limited research attention. Our study aimed to examine the burden and trends in alcohol-attributed mortality rates in the US by race and ethnicity from 1999 to 2020. We used national mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database and employed the ICD-10 coding system to identify alcohol-related deaths. Disparity rate ratios were calculated using the Taylor series, and Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends and calculate annual and …

The Global Fatty Liver Disease-Sustainable Development Goal Country Score For 195 Countries And Territories, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Hannah Han, Henry E. Mark, Saleh A. Schattenberg, Jörn M. J., Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background & Aims:

Fatty liver disease is highly prevalent, resulting in overarching wellbeing and economic costs. Addressing it requires comprehensive and coordinated multisectoral action. We developed a fatty liver disease-Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) country score to provide insights into country-level preparedness to address fatty liver disease through a whole-of-society lens.

Approach & Results:

We developed two fatty liver disease-SDG score sets. The first included six indicators (child wasting, child overweight, non-communicable disease [NCD] mortality, universal health coverage service coverage index, health worker density, and education attainment), covering 195 countries between 1990-2017. The second included the aforementioned indicators plus an urban …

Intensive Care Unit Mortality And Length Of Stay Among Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis Treated With Corticosteroids: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Eric E. Chinaeke, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Bryan L. Love Pharm. D., Joseph Magagnoli, Claiborne E. Reeder

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients worldwide, and corticosteroids are commonly used to treat it. However, the evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids in sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is of low certainty, with conflicting results reported in previous studies. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential association between corticosteroid treatment and various outcomes, including 30-day ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation use, new onset of infection, and hyperglycemia in patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the ICU.

Materials and Methods: We conducted …

The Polypharmacological Effects Of Cannabidiol, Jorge Castillo-Arellano, Ana Canseco-Alba, Stephen J. Cutler Ph.D., Francisco León Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa (Linneo, 1753). This naturally occurring secondary metabolite does not induce intoxication or exhibit the characteristic profile of drugs of abuse from cannabis like Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆⁹-THC) does. In contrast to ∆⁹-THC, our knowledge of the neuro-molecular mechanisms of CBD is limited, and its pharmacology, which appears to be complex, has not yet been fully elucidated. The study of the pharmacological effects of CBD has grown exponentially in recent years, making it necessary to generate frequently updated reports on this important metabolite. In this article, a …

Impacts Of Fda Approval And Medicare Restriction On Antiamyloid Therapies For Alzheimer’S Disease: Patient Outcomes, Healthcare Costs, And Drug Development, Rouen Brockmann, Joanna Nixon, Bryan L. Love Pharm D., Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D.

Faculty Publications

In 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to aducanumab, an antiamyloid antibody for early-stage Alzheimer's disease, despite a lack of clear clinical evidence demonstrating the drug's cognitive benefits. The manufacturer initially priced the drug at a staggering $56,000 per year, a price that was later reduced to $28,200. Unfortunately, these costs do not include the additional expenses associated with monitoring the treatment. However, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently announced that they will only cover individuals enrolled in clinical trials and will limit coverage of future antiamyloid antibodies. This discrepancy between the FDA …

Targeting Of Mediator Kinases For Cancer Therapy And Resistance Prevention, Zachary Thomas Mack

Theses and Dissertations

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers make up 70% of all breast cancer incidences in the US. Cell cycle progression of ER-positive breast cancer is highly dependent on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6, the G1/S checkpoint kinases. Inhibitors of CDK4/6 have become a major addition to the clinical arsenal against ER-positive breast cancers. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (IBRANCETM) has been approved for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancers. However, palbociclib treatment eventually fails due to the development of resistance. Laboratory studies revealed several diverse mechanisms of palbociclib resistance, making universal re-sensitization difficult to achieve. However, prevention of the adaptive process that …

Up-02 Pharmacological And Non-Pharmacological Interventions For The Treatment Of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, Taylor Meetze, Reagan Bradley, Peyton Smith, Emily Sisk, Ryan Crawford

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Background: Newborns diagnosed with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) often experience extreme symptoms as their body’s withdrawals from substances. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are provided that aim to treat NAS. However, nurses should be aware of what treatment leads to better outcomes and shorter hospitalization.

Aim: The aim of the project was to compare the length of hospitalization of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for newborns with mild NAS.

Methods: The team of researchers devised a research question to guide a search in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) to identify relevant literature focused on pharmacological …

Comparative-Effectiveness Of Oral Beta-Lactams And Fluoroquinolones For Stepdown Therapy In Patients With Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Lauren Bjork Ph.D., Teri Hopkins Ph.D., Linda Yang Ph.D., Chengwen Teng Pharm.D., Ph.D., Xavier Jones Bs, Jose Cadena, Elizabeth Walter, Christopher R. Frei Pham.D., Ms

Faculty Publications

Background: This study compares treatment failure for patients who received oral beta-lactams (BLs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) for stepdown treatment of Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective, age- and sex-matched, cohort study, at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital in South Texas. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age with a monomicrobial BSI treated with a single oral BL or FQ antibiotic. Treatment failure was defined as recurrence or all-cause mortality within 90 days of documented BSI. Bivariate (chi-square, Fisher's Exact, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical tests were used to compare groups. …

Global Investments In Pandemic Preparedness And Covid-19: Development Assistance And Domestic Spending On Health Between 1990 And 2026, Angela E. Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E. Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put …

Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Kidneydisease As Risk Factors Of Pre-Eclampsia: A Disease Of Theories And Its Association With Genetic Polymorphism, Abdullah Salah Alanazi, Francis Victor, Kanwal Rehman, Yusra Habib Khan, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Abdulaziz Alzarea, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi

Faculty Publications

Pre-existing diabetes, hypertension and kidney disorders are prominent risk factors of pre-eclampsia (PE). It is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder associated with high blood pressure, proteinuria, and multiorgan failure, which develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is one of the most feared pregnancy disorders, as it consumes thousands of fetomaternal lives per annum. According to clinical and pathological studies, the placenta appears to be a key player in the pathogenesis of PE; however, the exact origin of this disorder is still under debate. Defective placentation and angiogenesis are the hallmarks of PE progression. This angiogenic imbalance, together with maternal …

Effects Of A Behavioral Intervention On Physical Activity, Diet, And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Pregnant Women With Elevated Weight: Results Of The Hipp Randomized Controlled Trial, Sara Wilcox Ph.D., Jihong Liu, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy Ph.D., Rd, Alycia K. Boutté, Ellen Wingard

Faculty Publications

Background

Physical activity (PA), diet, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are related to maternal and infant health, but interventions to improve these outcomes are needed in diverse pregnant women with elevated weight.

Methods

Health In Pregnancy and Postpartum (HIPP) was a randomized controlled trial. Women who were pregnant (N=219, 44% African American, 56% white) with overweight or obesity but otherwise healthy were randomized to a behavioral intervention grounded in Social Cognitive Theory (n=112) or to standard care (n=107). The intervention group received an in-depth counseling session, a private Facebook group, and 10 content-based …

Covid-19 Vaccination In Africa: A Case Of Unsatisfied Expectation And Ill-Preparedness, Osmond C. Ekwebelem, Phemelo Tamasiga, Abullhai Tunde Abonde, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Uju Nwauzoma, Helen Onyeaka

Faculty Publications

With a population of 1.3 billion people, of which 56% reside in rural settings, Africa seemed ill-prepared to handle the distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, the capacity needed for a successful COVID- 19 vaccination campaign in Africa surpassed the available resources in local and state health agencies. As a result, African governments were advised to coordinate resources, health officials, and vaccinators, including local health practitioners, medical technicians, and pharmacists for the largest-ever vaccination campaign in Africa. Although the rolling out of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine was, as expected, slow in many African countries, and not yet enough to cover …

Epidemiology, Outcomes And Tolerability Of Protracted Treatment Of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections At A Community Teaching Hospital In The Southeastern United States, Yuwei Vivian Tsai, Carolina Derrick, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Sharon Weissman, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Julie Ann Justo Pharm.D., P. Brandon Bookstaver Pharm.D.

Faculty Publications

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections present a treatment challenge for clinicians and patients. There are limited data about current susceptibility patterns and treatment outcomes in U.S. adults. This was a 10-year, single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study of adults with a positive NTM culture and clinical suspicion of infection between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2020. The primary objective was to identify predictors for favorable treatment outcomes. Key secondary objectives were characterization of NTM epidemiology, susceptibility profiles, and safety and tolerability of treatment, including the proportion of subjects with an antimicrobial change and the reasons for the change. Of 250 subjects …

The Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia In 204 Countries And Territories From 2000 To 2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Atalel Fentahun, Hannah Han, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common urological disease affecting older men worldwide, but comprehensive data about the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its trends over time are scarce. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated global trends in, and prevalence of, benign prostatic hyperplasia and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019.

Methods This study was conducted with GBD 2019 analytical and modelling strategies. Primary prevalence data came from claims from …

The Risk And Clinical Implications Of Antibiotic-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Review Of The Clinical Data For Agents With Signals From The Food And Drug Administration’S Adverse Event Reporting System (Faers) Database, Kalin M. Clifford, Ashley R. Selby, Kelly R. Reveles, Chengwen Teng, Ronald G. Hall Ii, Jamie Mccarrell, Carlos A. Alvarez

Faculty Publications

Antibiotic-associated acute kidney injury (AA-AKI) is quite common, especially among hospitalized patients; however, little is known about risk factors or mechanisms of why AA-AKI occurs. In this review, the authors have reviewed all available literature prior to 1 June 2022, with a large number of AKI reports. Information regarding risk factors of AA-AKI, mechanisms behind AA-AKI, and treatment/management principles to decrease AA-AKI risk were collected and reviewed. Patients treated in the inpatient setting are at increased risk of AA-AKI due to common risk factors: hypovolemia, concomitant use of other nephrotoxic medications, and exacerbation of comorbid conditions. Clinicians should attempt to …

Assessing Performance Of The Healthcare Access And Quality Index, Overall And By Select Age Groups, For 204 Countries And Territories, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Annie Haakenstad, Jamal Akeem Yearwood, Nancy Fullman, Corinne Bintz, Kelly Bienhoff, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019.

Methods We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0–74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0–14 years), working (ages 15–64 years), and post-working (ages 65–74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction …

Ribosomal Rack1 Regulates The Dendritic Arborization By Repressing Fmrp Activity, Nicla Romano, Bruna Di Giacomo, Veronica Nobile, Antonella Borreca, Daniela Willems, Francesca Tilesi, Elisabetta Catalani, Manasi Agrawal, Kristy Welshhans, Sara Ricciardi, Davide Cervia, Marcello Ceci

Faculty Publications

FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that represses the translation of specific mRNAs. In neurons, its depletion determines the exaggerated translation of mRNAs leading to dendritic and axonal aberrant development, two peculiar features of Fragile X syndrome patients. However, how FMRP binds to translational machinery to regulate the translation of its mRNA targets is not yet fully understood. Here, we show that FMRP localizes on translational machinery by interacting with the ribosomal binding protein, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1). The binding of FMRP to RACK1 removes the translational repressive activity of FMRP and promotes the translation of PSD-95 mRNA, …

Changes In The Regulation Of The Unfolded Protein Response During Aging In Peromyscus, Elham Soltanmohammadi

Theses and Dissertations

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to various metabolic pathologies, neurodegeneration, and aging. Although various mechanistic aspects of the resulting unfolded protein response (UPR) have been elucidated, its regulation in genetically diverse populations remains elusive. In the present study we evaluated the expression of chaperones BiP/GRP78, GRP94 and calnexin (CANX) in the lungs, liver, and brain of 7 months old and 2–3 years old outbred deer mice P. maniculatus and P. leucopus. Chaperones’ _expression was highly variable between species, tissues and ages suggesting that levels of expression of individual chaperones do not change consistently during aging. Despite this variation, …

Genomic Analysis Workflows To Identify Mutational Signatures And Structural Variations In Ovcar8 Cells And Rad51d-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Manli Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Specific genomic profiles associated with exposure to DNA damaging agents have been identified in cancer related genes, revealing that mutational patterns can be carcinogen- specific. However, there have been limited efforts to demonstrate similar clear relationships for endogenous mutational processes. One endogenous source of mutations is contamination of the deoxynucleotide pool with damaged bases that, if incorporated into DNA, cause mutations.

The Catalog of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) represents an international effort to characterize mutations in cancer. A mutational signature is the pattern of mutations generated by a mutational process. Each mutational process contains two parts: DNA damage and …

Development Of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors Targeting The Polo Box Domain Of Plk1 As Potential Cancer Therapeutics, Jessy Mariam Stafford

Theses and Dissertations

PLK1 overexpression has shown to be associated with tumor progression and an unfavorable prognosis in a wide variety of cancer types. Interfering with PLK1 genetically and chemically induces apoptotic cell death in cancer cells thus confirming PLK1 as a validated anticancer target. From a drug discovery perspective, PLK1 offers two functionally distinct, essential, and interconnected target sites in one molecule. These are the ATP binding kinase domain (KD) and the unique Polo Box Domain (PBD), where the interplay between these results in dynamic structural regulation of catalytic activity and sub cellular localization. Since the KD is conserved among kinases and …

Peromyscus Maniculatus Bairdii And Peromyscus Maniculatus Sonoriensis Polymorphisms, Matthew Dixon Lucius

Theses and Dissertations

Sequencing technology has advanced greatly over the past couple of decades. This has led to many studies developing hypotheses based on genomic data. This requires many genomic studies to have up-to-date information on the species’ or subject’s genome being investigated. If a study does not have accurate or up-to-date background information, then they cannot fully develop their theories that are being established. In this study, I utilize outbred Peromyscus maniculatus, deer mice that are genetically diverse, to record the polymorphisms that are found throughout the Peromyscus maniculatus genome. I first explore the differences between the polymorphisms found in Peromyscus …

Is Three Company Or A Crowd? Comparing And Contrasting U.S. And European Clostridioidesdifficile Clinical Practice Guidelines, Jordan Jones, Aditya Pradhan, Morgan E. Pizzuti, Christopher M. Bland, P. Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

In 2021, the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), the Infectious Diseases Society of America in conjunction with the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (IDSA/SHEA), and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) published updated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of Clostridioides difficile infections. The differences, sometimes subtle, between these guideline recommendations have caused some debate among clinicians. This paper delves into select key recommendations from each respective CPG and analyzes the differences and evidence associated with each. One primary difference between the CPGs is the preference given to fidaxomicin over vancomycin for initial treatment …

The Global Burden Of Cancer Attributable To Risk Factors, 2010-19: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Khanh Bao Tran, Justin J. Lang, Kelly Compton, Rixing Xu, Alistair R. Acheson, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Louise Penberthy, Amirali Aali, Qamar Abbas, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab, Gholamreza Abdoli, Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir, Aidin Abedi, Ismaeel Yunusa, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.

Methods

The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change …