Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Bridging The Location Gap: Physician Perspectives Of Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration In Patient Care (Bridge Phase Ii), Keri D. Hager, Donald Uden, Daniel M. Tomaszewski

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: To optimize patient outcomes, the patient-centred medical home model emphasizes comprehensive team-based care. Pharmacists are qualified to enhance appropriate medication use and help improve patient outcomes through provision of medication therapy management (MTM) services. To optimally provide MTM, pharmacists must effectively collaborate with physicians. This study explored factors that influence pharmacist-physician collaboration.

Methods and Findings: A convenience sample of five physicians participated in semi-structured interviews and the resulting data were analyzed using qualitative methods. Transcripts of the interviews were independently coded for themes by two researchers. Five themes emerged: trustworthiness, role specification, relationship initiation, effects on practice, …

The Impact Of Care Coordination On Community Pharmacist-Delivered Medication Therapy Management, Stephanie A. Gernant

Open Access Theses

Background: Care coordination is imperative to successful patient outcomes. However, community pharmacists are commonly excluded from health information exchange during care coordination. One of the ways pharmacists deliver care, through medication therapy management (MTM), could be optimized if pharmacists engaged in care coordination through review of unedited patient medical records in preparation for a section of the MTM, the comprehensive medication review (CMR).^ Methods: This was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial undertaken within the Medication Safety Research network of Indiana, also known as RxSafeNet. RxSafeNet is a community pharmacy practice based research network. Pharmacists were randomized to deliver CMR’s to …

Shining The Spotlight On Diabetes, Rodney Richmond

Faculty Research ​and Publications

No abstract provided.

Geographic Variation In Antidiabetic Agent Adherence And Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Eleanora Tan, Wenya Yang, Bo Pang, Mingliang Dai, F. Ellen Loh, Paul Hogan

Touro College of Pharmacy (New York) Publications and Research

BACKGROUND: Medication nonadherence is an imperative public health concern. Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poor adherence to antidiabetic agents is strongly associated with suboptimal glycemic control. Poor adherence and hyperglycemia greatly increase diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. At a national level, diabetes drug adherence using average proportion of days covered (PDC) is estimated to range between 36% and 81%, with an estimated range for diabetes control between 38% and 47%. At a state level no such studies exist.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the level of medication adherence to antidiabetic agents and of diabetes control, and their association among patients …

Applying The Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process To Immunization Services: A Resource Guide For Pharmacists, Albert Bach, Jeff Goad, Mitchel Rothholz, Brian Wall, Anne Burns, Liza Chapman, Jean-Venable “Kelly” R. Goode, Sheila Seed, Rebecca Snead

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"This guidance document has been written and formatted to align comprehensive components of a pharmacy-based immunization patient encounter Collect Assess Plan Implement Follow-Up 6 American Pharmacists Association and recommendations from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) the Standards for Adult Immunization Practice with the original framework of the PPCP.5 The colored columns to the right throughout this document are the PPCP steps as they have been published by JCPP, and the main document text describes how to integrate each PPCP step into immunization services."

Development And Validation Of A Discrete Event Simulation Model To Evaluate The Long Term Use Of Electronic Cigarettes In Us Population, Kunal Saxena

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is associated with lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic respiratory conditions. It is responsible for high mortality and morbidity risk in the US population. Smokers find sudden quitting difficult and it is reported that a large number of unassisted quitting attempts are eventually unsuccessful. Electronic cigarette or e-cig is a novel battery-driven, nicotine delivery product, currently being used as a smoking cessation tool by current and former smokers. Since its resemblance to a conventional cigarette, and its non-combustible nature, e-cig use has risen exponentially in the last few years. To address such public health issues, the US …

Scientific And Regulatory Policy Committee (Srpc) Review*: Interpretation And Use Of Cell Proliferation Data In Cancer Risk Assessment, Charles E. Wood, Renee R. Hukkanen, Radhakrisha Sura, David Jacobson-Kram, Thomas Nolte, Marielle Odin, Samuel M. Cohen

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Increased cell proliferation is a central key event in the mode of action for many non-genotoxic carcinogens, and quantitative cell proliferation data play an important role in the cancer risk assessment of many pharmaceutical and environmental compounds. Currently, there is limited unified information on assay standards, reference values, targeted applications, study design issues, and quality control considerations for proliferation data. Here, we review issues in measuring cell proliferation indices, considerations for targeted studies, and applications within current risk assessment frameworks. As the regulatory environment moves toward more prospective evaluations based on quantitative pathway-based models, standardiza- tion of proliferation assays will …

Medication Misadventures: The Case Of Benzodiazepines, Sarah E. Wixson

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

For patients afflicted with symptoms of anxiety and insomnia, benzodiazepines are generally a safe and effective short-term pharmacological treatment option. Although considered safer than other sedative-hypnotic medications, substantial concern exists regarding the addictive nature and abuse potential of benzodiazepines along with potentially inappropriate prescribing and utilization in clinically vulnerable populations. These medication misadventures can have a significant impact on public health. Examples of medication misadventures as they pertain to benzodiazepines include the prescribing and use in clinically vulnerable populations for whom they are contraindicated or their efficacy has not been evaluated, the development of tolerance or addiction, abuse of the …

Integration Of Rural Community Pharmacies Into A Rural Family Medicine Practice-Based Research Network: A Descriptive Analysis, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, Sarah Blevins, Kyle Hagen, Emily Sorah, Richa Shah, Kelly Ferris

ETSU Faculty Works

Purpose: Practice-based research networks (PBRN) seek to shorten the gap between research and application in primary patient care settings. Inclusion of community pharmacies in primary care PBRNs is relatively unexplored. Such a PBRN model could improve care coordination and community-based research, especially in rural and underserved areas. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate rural Appalachian community pharmacy key informants’ perceptions of PBRNs and practice-based research; 2) explore key informants’ perceptions of perceived applicability of practice-based research domains; and 3) explore pharmacy key informant interest in PBRN participation.

Methods: The sample consisted of community pharmacies within city limits …

Systematic Review Of Potential Health Risks Posed By Pharmaceutical, Occupational And Consumer Exposures To Metallic And Nanoscale Aluminum, Aluminum Oxides, Aluminum Hydroxide And Its Soluble Salts, Calvin C. Willhite, Nataliya A. Karyakina, Robert A. Yokel, Nagarajkumar Yenugadhati, Thomas M. Wisniewski, Ian M. F. Arnold, Franco Momoli, Daniel Krewski

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007).

Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical …

Safe Methods For Storage And Disposal Of Medicines, Timothy Cheum, Kejal Patel, Rodney Richmond

Faculty Research ​and Publications

No abstract provided.

To Vaccinate Or Not Vaccinate, Brian Knoske, Samantha Morrison, Rodney Richmond

Faculty Research ​and Publications

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2014, Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

1 | Message from the President

3 | 2014 Events of Commencement

5 | The Academic Procession

7 | Significance of Academic Regalia

9 | The Good Samaritan

10 | University History Highlights

12 | Loma Linda University Song - "Healing Love"

13 | The Speakers

24 | The University Honorees

40 | The School Honorees

64 | The Programs

• School of Medicine, 65
• School of Pharmacy, 87
• School of Dentistry, 95
• School of Behavioral Health and School of Religion, 114
• School of Nursing, 126
• School of Public Health, 138
• School of Allied Health Professions - Physical Therapy, 156 …

A Survey Of Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices In The Western United States: Successes And Challenges, Gayle Louise Allenback

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Antibiotics are one of the most important developments in medicine, and their ability to prevent and control infections has had a major impact in clinical medicine. However, the past three decades have shown an increase in multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in both hospital patients and in the community, decreasing our ability to successfully control infection. Complicating the depletion of effective antimicrobials is the fact that, in the last 10 years, there has also been a decrease in the development of new antibacterial agents. Resistant infections have resulted in increased morbidity and mortality, with a consequential increase in healthcare costs. The utilization …

Childhood Obesity And Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Genetic Diseases That Contribute To Cardiovascular Disease, Alyssa Caudle

Senior Honors Theses

Childhood obesity occurs as the result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. Genetic risk factors for obesity have become an area of research due to its permanency. Mutated genes such as Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO), Leptin (LEP), Leptin Receptor (LEPR), Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R), Adiponectin C1Q and Collagen Domain Containing (ADIPOQ), Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 1 (PCSK1), and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) all contribute to the development of childhood obesity. In the presence of high cholesterol caused by obesity, the genetic condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia is exacerbated. Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by a …

The Association Between Influenza Treatment And Hospitalization-Associated Outcomes Among Korean Children With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza, Jacqueline K. Lim, Tae Hee Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Allison E. Aiello, Byung Min Choi, Kwang Chul Lee, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young-Hwan Song, Yun-Kyung Kim

Department of Pharmacy Practice

There are limited data evaluating the relationship between influenza treatment and hospitalization duration. Our purpose assessed the association between different treatments and hospital stay among Korean pediatric influenza patients. Total 770 children ≤ 15 yr-of-age hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza at three large urban tertiary care hospitals were identified through a retrospective medical chart review. Demographic, clinical, and cost data were extracted and a multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the associations between influenza treatment types and hospital stay. Overall, there were 81% of the patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza who received antibiotic monotherapy whereas only 4% of …

Development Of An Evidence‐Based Implementation Plan For A System‐Wide Anticoagulation Management Service, Sarah Varney

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

The Mercy Health System of Maine (MHSM) is a large healthcare system located in Southern Maine. It consists of three inpatient campuses, one level II Emergency Department, four Express Care centers, seven Primary Care locations and an array of specialist practices. The organization has identified a need for improved management of anticoagulation therapy within the system as a large number of patients are receiving anticoagulation therapy throughout all of the various healthcare access sites. In order to address this need, MHSM seeks to implement a system‐wide, standardized approach for managing patients receiving anticoagulation therapy.

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In Travelers, Edith Mirzaian, Jeffery A. Goad, Ani Amloian, Fady Makar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Travel to the developing world is increasing among those from developed countries, placing them at risk for vaccine preventable and non-vaccine preventable diseases. From 2007-2011, the GeoSentinel Network reported 737 returned travelers with a vaccine preventable disease. While it is essential that clinicians use vaccines when available for a disease of risk, they should also be aware that the vast majority of diseases acquired by travelers are non-vaccine preventable. The vaccine preventable diseases can be divided into routine travel vaccines, special travel vaccines and routine vaccines used for travel. The routine travel vaccines include Hepatitis A and B, typhoid; special …

Promoting Interprofessional Education Through A Student Led Community Health Screening Event, Carrie Maffeo, Eileen Carroll, Alexandra Foster, Kelly Daneri, Isabel Hagedorn, Mary Graham, Jane Gervasio

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Published abstract from the 115th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Grapevine, TX, July 26-30.

Dabigatran And Warfarin For Stroke Prevention In Atrial Fibrillation: Use, Switching, And Clinical Effects Following New Market Entry In Real-World Patients, Julie C. Lauffenburger '03

Doctoral Dissertations

Patients with atrial fibrillation frequently benefit from anticoagulation to prevent stroke and systemic embolism. For decades, warfarin was the primary oral anticoagulant option despite its narrow therapeutic index requiring monitoring and drug-drug interactions. Dabigatran’s recent availability provides practical advantages including no monitoring and fewer interactions; however, it lacks a convenient reversal agent for bleeding events. Currently, it is unclear what factors have driven anticoagulant utilization since dabigatran’s introduction, and little real-world evidence on the agents’ comparative effectiveness and safety is available. The objectives were to describe dabigatran and warfarin’s utilization and switching patterns and assess their comparative effectiveness and safety. …

Knowledge And Provision Practices Of Misoprostol Among Pharmacies In Senegal, Ramatoulaye Ndao, Babacar Mane, Eva Burke, Nafissatou Diop, Kate Reiss, Thoai Ngo, Katharine Footman, Maaike Van Min

Reproductive Health

In developing countries, postpartum hemorrhage and complications related to unsafe abortions are direct causes of maternal death. In Senegal, actions have been undertaken by the government to reduce this burden and significant advances have been made in these areas in recent years. However, progress is still necessary to achieve the Millennium Development Goals for the reduction of the maternal mortality rate to the target numbers by 2015. The objective of the study was to understand the knowledge about, availability of, and practices in the provision of misoprostol at pharmacies in Dakar, Senegal, to ensure correct delivery of the product. Pharmacists …

Health Care Resource Utilization And Expenditures In Persons With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Neeraj Neelakantan Iyer

Open Access Dissertations

The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), to determine all-cause health care resource utilization and all-cause health care expenditures, to determine incremental health care resource utilization, and to determine incremental health care expenditures associated with ADPKD. An observational database analysis of a privately insured population was conducted using information from a large administrative claims database. Individuals 18 years of age or older and enrolled in a tracked health plan anytime during the period from April 1, 2011 through March 31, 2012, were eligible for inclusion in the sample for determination of …

Research Fatigue Among Injecting Drug Users In Karachi, Pakistan, Aysha Zahidie, Arshad Altaf, Adeel Ahsan, Tanzil Jamali

Community Health Sciences

Background

Karachi is the largest metropolis of Pakistan and its economic hub attracting domestic migrants for economic opportunities. It is also the epicenter of HIV epidemic in the country. Since 2004, one pilot study and four behavioral and biological surveillance rounds have been conducted in Karachi. In addition many student research projects have also focused on key risk groups including injection drug users (IDUs). As a result of this extra ordinary exposure of same kind of questions, IDUs know how to respond to high value questions related to sharing of needles or unsafe sexual practices. The purpose of the study …

Commencement Program 2013, Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

1 | Message from the President

3 | 2013 Events of Commencement

5 | The Academic Procession

7 | Significance of Academic Regalia

9 | The Good Samaritan

10 | University History Highlights

12 | Loma Linda University Song - "Healing Love"

13 | The Speakers

23 | The University Honorees

45 | The School Honorees

64 | The Programs

• School of Medicine, 65
• School of Pharmacy, 83
• School of Dentistry, 90
• School of Behavioral Health and School of Religion, 107
• School of Nursing, 120
• School of Pubic Health, 129
• School of Allied Health Professions - Physical Therapy, 145 …

A Case Study On Pharmacy To Explore The Perceptions Of Pharmacy Leaders And Policy Makers On The Benefits, Risks, And Alternatives Of The Doctorate As The Entry Level Degree In Health Professions, Heidi Marie Crocker

Dissertations

The clinical doctorate is an emergent trend in many health profession disciplines. Collier (2008) projects continued momentum toward higher degrees for entry into practice and advancing the field in health professions. There has been minimal research on how the trend of doctoral education in health professions will affect health professions education, delivery of services, and interdisciplinary relationship among health care providers, or the wider society (Freburger, King, & Slifkin, 2008). This research focused on the transition to the clinical doctorate in one profession, Pharmacy, retrospectively examining the inception and enactment phase of the Pharm.D. The study provides important insight into …

Access To Essential Medicines In Pakistan: Policy And Health Systems Research Concerns., Shehla Zaidi, Maryam Bigdeli, Noureen Aleem, Arash Rashidian

Community Health Sciences

NTRODUCTION:

Inadequate access to essential medicines is a common issue within developing countries. Policy response is constrained, amongst other factors, by a dearth of in-depth country level evidence. We share here i) gaps related to access to essential medicine in Pakistan; and ii) prioritization of emerging policy and research concerns.

METHODS:

An exploratory research was carried out using a health systems perspective and applying the WHO Framework for Equitable Access to Essential Medicine. Methods involved key informant interviews with policy makers, providers, industry, NGOs, experts and development partners, review of published and grey literature, and consultative prioritization in stakeholder's Roundtable. …

In Vitro Characterization Of Avian Influenza Virus Isolates With A Truncated Ns1 Gene Segment, Aaron Dick

Honors Scholar Theses

Avian Influenza Virus represents a significant threat to the world poultry population, and is a potential threat to humans due to the possibility of cross-species AIV infection. Our approach is to characterize a number of avian virus populations with respect to their content of biologically active particles that include hemagglutinating particles (HAP), plaque forming particles (PFP), interferon inducing particles (IFP), interferon induction-suppressing particles (ISP), defective-interfering particles (DIP), cell-killing particles (CKP) and non-infectious cell killing particles (niCKP) using unique in vitro assays developed for avian influenza virus in the Marcus-Sekellick Laboratory. Specifically, we will use a strain of Avian influenza virus, …

Advocacy For Pneumonia Prevention In Korea: A Multi-Dimensional Program Organised Around World Pneumonia Day, Soon A. Kim, Paul E. Kilgore

Department of Pharmacy Practice

There are limited examples of population-based approaches that engage a broad range of stakeholders for prevention of pneumonia. In 2010, a multi-dimensional public-private partnership was established around World Pneumonia Day (WPD) in Seoul, Korea and included the following components: a) formation of an expert advisory group, b) creation of educational materials tailored for lay persons, c) creation of a dedicated WPD internet website in the local language, d) organisation of a WPD venue in central Seoul, e) creation of video and social networking messages for wide distribution, and f) engagement of parents, health-care professionals, public health agencies and policymakers. This …

Impact Of The Tohoku Earthquake And Tsunami On Pneumonia Hospitalisations And Mortality Among Adults In Northern Miyagi, Japan: A Multicentre Observational Study, Hisayoshi Daito, Motoi Suzuki, Jun Shiihara, Paul E. Kilgore, Hitoshi Ohtomo, Konosuke Morimoto, Masayuki Ishida, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani, Masahiro Hashizume, Wataru Endo, Koichi Hagiwara, Koya Ariyoshi, Shoji Okinaga

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background On 11 March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami struck off the coast of northeastern Japan. Within 3 weeks, an increased number of pneumonia admissions and deaths occurred in local hospitals.

Methods A multicentre survey was conducted at three hospitals in Kesennuma City (population 74000), northern Miyagi Prefecture. All adults aged ≥18 years hospitalised between March 2010 and June 2011 with community-acquired pneumonia were identified using hospital databases and medical records. Segmented regression analyses were used to quantify changes in the incidence of pneumonia.

Results A total of 550 pneumonia hospitalisations were identified, including 325 during the pre-disaster period …

Industry’S Colonization Of Psychiatry: Ethical And Practical Implications Of Financial Conflicts Of Interest In The Dsm-5, Lisa Cosgrove, Emily E. Wheeler

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

The revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), scheduled for publication in May 2013 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), has created a firestorm of controversy because of questions about undue industry influence. Specifically, concerns have been raised about financial conflicts of interest between DSM-5 panel members and the pharmaceutical industry. The authors argue that current approaches to the management of these relationships, particularly transparency of them, are insufficient solutions to the problem of industry’s capture of organized psychiatry. The conceptual framework of institutional corruption is used to understand psychiatry’s dependence on the pharmaceutical industry and …