Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Group Ii Innate Lymphoid Cells And Microvascular Dysfunction From Pulmonary Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure, Alaeddin Bashir Abukabda, Carroll Rolland Mcbride, Thomas Paul Batchelor, William Travis Goldsmith, Elizabeth Compton Bowdridge, Krista Lee Garner, Sherri Friend, Timothy Robert Nurkiewicz

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: The cardiovascular effects of pulmonary exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are poorly understood, and the reproductive consequences are even less understood. Inflammation remains the most frequently explored mechanism of ENM toxicity. However, the key mediators and steps between lung exposure and uterine health remain to be fully defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the uterine inflammatory and vascular effects of pulmonary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). We hypothesized that pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure initiates a Th2 inflammatory response mediated by Group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which may be associated with an impairment in uterine microvascular …

Parent Perspectives On Health And Functioning Of School-Aged Adolescents With Disabilities, Gavin Colquit Edd, Cape, Cscs, Ashley D. Walker Phd, Ches, Moya L. Alfonso Phd, Msph, Maria Olivas Mph, Bethrand Ugwu Mph, Theophile Dipita Dr, Ph

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

BACKGROUND: Youth living with disabilities are at risk of experiencing poor health outcomes. Coordinated school health programs have an opportunity to help youth with disabilities and their families through health education, health services, and community engagement. The World Health Organization developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a framework to analyze factors related to health conditions. We used the ICF to examine parental perceptions of health and function among students with disabilities living in rural and urban areas.

METHODS: We surveyed parents (N = 71) using the parent-report versions of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument …

Mental Health Problems And Onset Of Tobacco Use Among 12- To 24-Year-Olds In The Path Study, Victoria R. Green Mhs, Kevin P. Conway Phd, Ches, Marushka L. Silveira Bds, Mph, Phd, Karin A. Kasza Ma, Amy Cohn Phd, K. Michael Cummings Phd, Mph, Cassandra A. Stanton Phd, Priscilla Callahan-Lyon Md, Wendy Slavit Mph, Ches, James D. Sargent Md, Nahla Hilmi Mph, Raymond S. Niaura Phd, Chad J. Reissig Phd, Elizabeth Lambert Ma, Izabella Zandberg Phd, Mary F. Brunette Md, Susanne E. Tanski Md, Nicolette Borek Phd, Andrew J. Hyland Phd, Wilson M. Compton Md, Mpe

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Objective: To examine whether mental health problems predict incident use of 12 different tobacco products in a nationally representative sample of youth and young adults.

Method: This study analyzed Wave (W) 1 and W2 data from 10,533 12- to 24-year-old W1 never tobacco users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Self-reported lifetime internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed at W1. Past 12-month use of cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cigars, pipe, hookah, snus pouches, other smokeless tobacco, bidis and kreteks (youth only), and dissolvable tobacco was assessed at W2.

Results:In multivariable …

Etiology Of Teen Dating Violence Among Adolescent Children Of Alcoholics, Jennifer A. Livingston, Rina D. Eiden, Jared Lessard, Meghan Casey, James Henrie, Kenneth E. Leonard

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Family processes in early life have been impli- cated in adolescent involvement in teen dating violence, yet the developmental pathways through which this occurs are not well understood. In this study, etiological pathways from parental psychopathology and marital conflict in infancy to involvement in dating violence in late adoles- cence were examined in a sample of children at high-risk due to parental alcohol problems. Families (N = 227) recruited when the child was 12 months of age were assessed at 12-, 24-, 36-months, kindergarten, 6th, 8th, and 12th grades. Slightly more than half of the children were female (51%) and …

Prevalence Of Adhd In Publicly Insured Adults, Yanmin Zhu, Wie Liu, Yan Li, Xi Wang, Almut G. Winterstein

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD diagnosis and treatment in U.S. Medicaid beneficiaries. Method: Using outpatient, inpatient, and pharmacy billing records for patients eligible for Medicaid fee-for-service benefits within 29 states from 1999 to 2010, we estimated the annual prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Results: The prevalence of ADHD diagnosis increased from 2.20 per 1,000 patients in 1999 to 10.57 in 2010. Likewise, prevalence of ADHD treatment increased from 1.95 per 1,000 patients in 1999 to 13.16 in 2010. Between 40% and 65%, patients had ADHD drug prescription fills 6 months after ADHD diagnosis, whereas 45% to …

The Humanistic And Economic Burden Associated With Anxiety And Depression Among Adults With Comorbid Diabetes And Hypertension, Kimberly Wallace, Xiaohui Zhao, Ranjita Misra, Usha Sambamoorthi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study to estimate the humanistic and economic burden associated with depression and anxiety among adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension. Pooled data from the 2013 and 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used to include adults (≥18 years old) who were alive and diagnosed with both diabetes and hypertension during the observation period. We assessed the humanistic burden with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and economic burden with the total annual healthcare expenditures. Depending on the presence/absence of depression and anxiety, the study sample was divided into four groups (i.e., no depression/anxiety, depression only, anxiety …

State-Level Variability In Veteran Reliance On Veterans Health Administration And Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations: A Geospatial Analysis, Drew A. Helmer, Mazhgan Rowneki, Xue Feng, Chin-Lin Tseng, Danielle Rose, Orysya Soroka, Dennis Fried, Nisha Jani, Leonard M. Pogach, Usha Sambamoorthi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Most Veterans who use the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) also utilize private-sector health care providers. To better inform local and regional health care planning, we assessed the association between reliance on VHA ambulatory care and total and system-specific preventable hospitalization rates (PHRs) at the state level. We conducted a retrospective dynamic cohort study using Veterans with diabetes mellitus, aged 66 years or older, and dually enrolled in VHA and Medicare parts A and B from 2004 to 2010. While controlling for median age and proportion of males, we measured the association between reliance on VHA ambulatory care and PHRs at …

Co-Occurrence Of Tobacco Product Use, Substance Use, And Mental Health Problems Among Youth: Findings From Wave 1 (2013–2014) Of The Population Assessment Of Tobacco And Health (Path) Study, Kevin P. Conway, Victoria R. Green, Karin A. Kasza, Marushka L. Silveira, Nicolette Borek, Heather L. Kimmel, James D. Sargent, Cassandra A. Stanton, Elizabeth Lambert, Nahla Hilmi, Chad J. Reissig, Kia J. Jackson, Susanne E. Tanski, David Maklan, Andrew J. Hyland, Wilson M. Compton

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Introduction: Cigarette use is associated with substance use and mental health problems among youth, but as- sociations are unknown for non-cigarette tobacco product use, as well as the increasingly common poly-tobacco use.

Methods: The current study examined co-occurrence of substance use and mental health problems across tobacco products among 13,617 youth aged 12–17 years from Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Participants self-reported ever cigarette, e-cigar- ette, smokeless tobacco, traditional cigar, cigarillo, filtered cigar, hookah, and other tobacco product use; al- cohol, marijuana, and other drugs; and lifetime substance use, internalizing …

Trends And Economic Drivers For United States Naloxone Pricing, January T 2006 To February 2017, Matthew Rosenberg, Grace Chai, Shekhar Mehta, Andreas Schick

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Anecdotal evidence indicates that naloxone prices have risen in recent years, but limited research has examined the magnitude of these increases and potential causes. We contribute nationally representative evidence to help answer each of these questions, including wholesale pricing data from a proprietary drug sales database span- ning January 2006 to February 2017. We find that all formulations of naloxone increased in price since 2006 except for Narcan Nasal Spray. These cumulative increases totaled 2281% for the 0.4 MG single-dose products, 244% for the 2 MG single-dose products, 3797% for the 4 MG multi-dose products, and 469% for the 0.4 …

Analytical High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Reveals Organ-Specific Nanoceria Bioprocessing, Uschi M. Graham, Robert A. Yokel, Alan K. Dozier, Lawrence Drummy, Krishnamurthy Mahalingam, Michael T. Tseng, Eileen Birch, Joseph Fernback

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

This is the first utilization of advanced analytical electron microscopy methods, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping to characterize the organ-specific bioprocessing of a relatively inert nanomaterial (nanoceria). Liver and spleen samples from rats given a single intravenous infusion of nanoceria were obtained after prolonged (90 days) in vivo exposure. These advanced analytical electron microscopy methods were applied to elucidate the organ-specific cellular and subcellular fate of nanoceria after its uptake. Nanoceria is bioprocessed differently in the spleen than in the liver.

Implementing A Public Health Perspective In Fda Drug Regulation, Patricia J. Zettler, Margaret Foster Riley, Aaron S. Kesselheim

Faculty Publications By Year

There is, without question, a public health crisis in the United States arising from both illicit and prescription opioid misuse, addiction, and overdose. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is one regulator with an important role to play in minimizing the harms associated with prescription opioids, while also ensuring that prescription opioids are available for the evidence-based management of pain. One question, however, is to what extent the agency can consider in its decisions to approve opioids and keep existing ones on the market the provider and patient behaviors contributing to the epidemic. This is, in part, because FDA’s approval …

Communicating Nutrition Information At The Point Of Purchase: An Eye‐Tracking Study Of Shoppers At Two Grocery Stores In The United States, Mike Bartels, Katherin Tillack, Chung‐Tung Jordan Lin

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Providing nutrition information at the point of purchase is one approach that can be used to help consumers adopt and maintain a healthy diet. Previous research has examined consumer self‐reported notice and use of the information as well as how the design of the information affects its attention and use in a laboratory environ‐ ment using eye‐tracking methodology. This study advances the literature by applying eye‐tracking methodology to explore consumer visual and choice behavior in a real shopping environment, and by recognizing that nutrition information competes with other visual stimuli in the store and consumers are vulnerable to a “limited …

The Morality Of Compulsory Licensing As An Access To Medicines Tool, Margo A. Bagley

Faculty Articles

This Article contemplates the validity of theft rhetoric in relation to the right of countries to grant compulsory licenses from an unconventional perspective; that of biblical teachings on what it means to steal.

Part I describes the use of theft rhetoric in relation to IP infringement broadly and drug-patent compulsory licenses in particular.

Part II challenges the contention, suggested by theft rhetoric, that compulsory licenses are morally wrong as a form of stealing, by considering the meaning of theft in the context of its Judeo-Christian origins.

Part III considers the cogency of the accusation that the issuance of compulsory licenses …

Investigating The Role Of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs In Reducing Rates Of Opioid-Related Poisonings, Nathan James Pauly

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. In addition to other system level interventions, almost all states have responded to the crisis by implementing prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). PDMPs are state-level interventions that track the dispensing of Controlled Substances. Data generated at the time of medication dispensing is uploaded to a central data server that may be used to assist in identifying drug diversion, medication misuse, or potentially aberrant prescribing practices.

Prior studies assessing the impact of PDMPs on trends in opioid-related morbidity have often failed to take into account the wide heterogeneity of program …

Pharmacy Driven Best Possible Admission Medication History At A Pediatric Institution, Damon Pabst, Charity Thompson, Brandon French, Brian O'Neal, Garret Matthews, Zeb Benner, Joshua Meade

Posters

No abstract provided.

Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs And Opioid Poisoning: Evaluating The Impact Of Prescriber Use Mandates On Prescription Opioid Poisoning Emergency Department Visits, Sarah Almanie

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are one strategy established to curb the prescription opioid abuse epidemic. Prescriber use mandates has emerged as a promising practice to increase PDMPs impact on prescription opioid abuse; however, evidence of its effectiveness has not yet been established. Kentucky was the first state to implement comprehensive prescriber use mandates in July 2012.

Objective: To assess the relationship between prescriber use mandates policy and emergency department (ED) visits related to prescription opioid poisoning among adults in Kentucky and

North Carolina. Secondary aim: to evaluate the economic impact of prescriber use mandates in Kentucky.

Methods: A …

Economic Burden Of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Rcc) And Treatment Patterns, Overall Survival And Healthcare Costs Among Older Metastatic Rcc Patients, Hrishikesh P. Kale

Theses and Dissertations

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. Patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC (mRCC) have shorter overall survival compared to those diagnosed at earlier stages. Several targeted therapies, which cost from $7,000 - $16,000 per month have been approved since 2005 to treat mRCC. In addition, there is a growing interest in the use of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) with targeted therapies among mRCC patients. However, little is known regarding the economic burden of RCC and role of CN and prescribing patterns of targeted therapies among older mRCC patients.

Objectives

1) To assess the economic burden …

Immunoglobulin Therapy And Primary Immunodeficient Patients' Health-Related Quality Of Life And Well-Being, Niedre Heckman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals born with primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDD) have a dysfunctional immune system, and many are treated by lifelong injections of immunoglobulin therapy. Studies have shown that these patients have low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and well-being (WB) and that these outcomes might be improved by the availability of therapy innovated according to preferences for fewer needle sticks or a shorter infusion time. Regulators at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved therapies innovated per these preferences. However, there is limited data demonstrating how these innovations impact HRQOL and WB. Using the biopsychosocial model, the purpose of …

Antibiotic Resistance In Escherichia Coli Iron Transport Mutants, Madeline Brandt

Honors Projects

Studies previously completed on Escherichia coli mutants suggested the possibility of iron uptake as an influence on the antibiotic resistance seen in different strains. The research focused on the TonB energy transduction system and its contributions to efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance. To test the hypothesis that iron uptake has an influence on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, the sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics was evaluated in strains of E. coli lacking genes that relate to the uptake of iron or the efflux system that is necessary for the uptake of iron. To test the efflux systems TolC and TonB …

Changes In The Utilization Of Osteoporosis Drugs After The 2010 Fda Bisphosphonate Drug Safety Communication, Bander Balkhi, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

In October 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety communication regarding the risks of atypical fractures of the femur, with bisphosphonates drugs. This study evaluated the impact of the bisphosphonates FDA safety communication on the utilization of osteoporosis medications in Medicaid programs.

Methods

Osteoporosis drugs utilization data from the July 2006 to June 2014 were extracted from the national Summary Files from the Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data maintained by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). We performed an interrupted time series analyses to evaluate trends in utilization of osteoporosis drugs before and …

Test Of A Workforce Development Intervention To Expand Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Pharmacotherapy Prescribers: Protocol For A Cluster Randomized Trial, Todd Molfenter, Hannah K. Knudsen, Randy Brown, Nora Jacobson, Julie Horst, Mark Van Etten, Jee-Seon Kim, Eric Haram, Elizabeth Collier, Sanford Starr, Alexander Toy, Lynn Madden

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: Overdoses due to non-medical use of prescription opioids and other opiates have become the leading cause of accidental deaths in the USA. Buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone are key evidence-based pharmacotherapies available to addiction treatment providers to address opioid use disorder (OUD) and prevent overdose deaths. Treatment organizations’ efforts to provide these pharmacotherapies have, however, been stymied by limited success in recruiting providers (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) to prescribe these medications. Historically, the addiction treatment field has not attracted physicians, and many barriers to implementing OUD pharmacotherapy exist, ranging from lack of confidence in treating OUD patients to …

Evaluating Patient Preferences For Different Incentive Programs To Optimize Pharmacist-Provided Patient Care Program Enrollment, Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Tim Cernohaus, Rajiv Vaidyanathan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND: Employers have increased efforts to engage employees in health and wellness programs. Providing employees with incentives to participate in these programs has been shown to improve overall enrollment and engagement. One program that has had challenges with enrollment and engagement is medication therapy management (MTM).

OBJECTIVES: To (a) determine how individuals evaluate different financial incentives to improve participation in an MTM program and (b) measure the effect of participant characteristics on incentive preference.

METHODS: This study was composed of a paper-based survey administered to participants after focus group sessions. Participants included MTMeligible beneficiaries from 2 employer groups and included …

A Course On Patient Safety: Pharmacy Student And Community Partner Perceptions, Maryam Noureldin, Chelsea M. Anderson, Patricia L. Darbishire

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

The authors of this article developed and piloted a three-week intensive elective course for students in their third professional years in the Doctor of Pharmacy program. The goal of this course was to provide students with an opportunity to apply patient safety concepts in a real-world setting using service-learning as the pedagogy and to evaluate student perceptions of the course for potential implementation in the curriculum. Seven pharmacy students were enrolled in the pilot course and divided into three groups. Each group of two to three students was assigned to one of three predetermined community partner sites. Students were instructed …

Expanding The Horizon: Global Health Management For Pharmacy Students, Alice C. Chang, Monica L. Miller, Ellen M. Schellhase

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

The advancement of global engagement opportunities will promote pharmacy students’ cultural awareness and sensitivity, expose students to treatment of diseases not commonly seen in modern Western medicine, and cultivate future leadership for the growth of global pharmacy practice. At Purdue University College of Pharmacy (PUCOP), limited opportunities exist for student pharmacists. As a result, identifying the needs and expanding student pharmacist access to global engagement experiences are critical to meet the changing needs of the US population. A survey was developed and distributed to 460 students at PUCOP, and 148 of them participated. Of those students, 89.2% were interested in …

Patient Care: The Forefront Of Pharmacy Practice, Dakota L. Richart

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

For the past three years, Richart has been a member of APhA–ASP and has actively participated in numerous events. She planned, organized, and executed health fairs, educational presentations, and other direct patient care experiences alongside other members. An interaction as simple as a five-minute discussion with a patient about their blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, and lifestyle modifications can help save their life. Each patient interaction has impacted her by strengthening her communication skills, developing her professionalism, and providing confidence as she applies her knowledge with patients. Whether APhA–ASP’s events focus on a small audience at a local health fair or …

Managing The Cost Of Diabetes, Laressa Bethishou

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"This is of concern to health care providers because inadequate management of diabetes results in short- and long-term complications. Patients with diabetes and no health insurance have fewer physician visits and are prescribed fewer medications for management of their diabetes. Patients with diabetes make up 11.9% of all emergency department visits in the United States.Hispanic and non-Hispanic blacks are at greater risk for developing diabetes and serious associated health complications, including chronic kidney disease. This may be attributed to a combination of genetics, diet, and exercise. However, access to health care resources may also play an important role."

Development And Validation Of Triticum Phytobiological Method As An Alternative Procedure For Investigating In Vivo Acute Toxicity On Mice, Emil Ştefănescu, Aurelia N. Cristea, Cornel Chiriță, Octavian Olaru, Adriana Anghel, Mihaela Dinu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The goal of this study was to validate an alternative method for determining in vivo acute toxicity using vegetal material instead of laboratory animals, starting from the phytobiological method known also as the Triticum technique. We set out to demonstrate that vegetal cells have similar sensitivity to some toxic agents as animal cells, in which case a statistical correlation could be established. A series of new compounds synthesized by the Romanian National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development as potential β3 adrenergic receptors agonists were tested for their acute toxicity using classic animal exposure models, before investigating possible anti-diabetic …

Influence Of Pharmaceutical Marketing On Medicare Prescriptions In The District Of Columbia, Susan Wood, Joanna Podrasky, Meghan Mcmonagle, Janani Raveendran, Tyler Bysshe, Alycia Hogenmiller, Adriane Fugh-Berman

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Importance

Gifts from pharmaceutical companies are believed to influence prescribing behavior, but few studies have addressed the association between industry gifts to physicians and drug costs, prescription volume, or preference for generic drugs. Even less research addresses the effect of gifts on the prescribing behavior of nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), and podiatrists.

Objective

To analyze the association between gifts provided by pharmaceutical companies to individual prescribers in Washington DC and the number of prescriptions, cost of prescriptions, and proportion of branded prescriptions for each prescriber.

Design

Gifts data from the District of Columbia’s (DC) AccessRx program and the …

Heroin Use Onset Among Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Users In The Club Scene, Hilary L. Surratt, Steven P. Kurtz, Mance Buttram, Maria A. Levi-Minzi, Maria E. Pagano, Theodore J. Cicero

Center for Health Services Research Faculty Publications

Background—Nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) is well documented among participants in the club scene, yet prior studies have not examined transition to heroin use. We prospectively examined heroin initiation among a sample of young adults with drug involvement associated with participation in the club scene, to understand factors that influence transition from NMPOU to heroin and to identify opportunities for intervention.

Methods—Data were drawn from a randomized trial that enrolled 750 Miami-based club and prescription drug users through respondent driven sampling, and tested the efficacy of assessment interventions in reducing risk. Participants reported current substance use at baseline, …

Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Patient Knowledge On Adherence To Oral Contraceptives Using The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (Mmas-8), Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Benjamin D. Aronson, Margarette L. Kading, Donald E. Morisky

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

Background
Preconception care, including family planning, is a vital component of healthcare for women of reproductive age. An average female spends the majority of her reproductive life trying to prevent a pregnancy. In order to prevent unintended pregnancy, women often rely on the use of hormonal contraceptives. In the United States, the majority of hormonal contraceptive users are prescribed oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Reduced adherence to OCPs decreases their ability to prevent pregnancy. The study aimed to measure OCP adherence among female college students, and explore the relationship between OCP adherence, knowledge, and self-efficacy.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited a …