Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Enflonsia (Clesrovimab-Cfor): A New Era In Rsv Protection For Infants, Katherine Ghattas Pharmd, Rileigh Smith Pharmd, Amanda Rawa Pharmd

Transformative Medicine

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of serious lung infections in infants and young children, especially during the winter months. For decades, preventative options were limited, costly, or only available to babies at high-risk. The FDA approved Enflonsia (clesrovimab-cfor) in June 2025, given as a single injection to protect infants thorough their first RSV season. Since it is designed for broader infant use and can be distributed through programs such as Vaccines for Children, Enflonsia may help close long-standing gaps in RSV prevention.

Antiplatelet Effects Of Angelica Dahurica Root Extract Without Gastric Lesion Formation In Rats, Pitiphat Srisom, Kasem Rattanapinyopituk, Uthai Sotanaphun, Rataya Luechapudiporn

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Platelet aggregation plays a crucial role in hemostasis; however, excessive platelet activation can lead to thrombus formation, contributing to cardiovascular diseases. While aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) is commonly used as an antiplatelet agent, its longterm use is associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Angelica dahurica (AD), a traditional herbal remedy, has shown in vitro antiplatelet activity and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. However, its in vivo effects on platelet aggregation and gastric safety remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether Angelica dahurica root extract (ADE) could inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent aspirin-induced gastric lesions.

Materials and Methods: AD was extracted …

Quality By Design Approach To Method Development And Validation For Quantitative Estimation Of Dapagliflozin And Linagliptin In Pharmaceutical Tablet Dosage Forms, Prechha Shrestha, Ashwinee Kumar Shrestha, Rajan Shrestha, Barsha Thapa

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The present study utilizes a quality by design approach to develop a simple, robust, and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying dapagliflozin (DAPA) and linagliptin (LINA) in a fixed-dose combination and validate it according to the ICH-Q2 (R1) guidelines.

Materials and Methods: The effect of critical method parameters (CMPs), namely percentage of acetonitrile (ACN), pH of the buffer, and flow rate, on critical quality attributes (CQAs) such as retention time, area, tailing factor, and theoretical plates was studied using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Response optimizer was utilized to optimize the experimental conditions. The mobile phase (MP) consisted of ACN …

Editorial: Molecular Mechanisms Of Ion Channel Activation And Modulation, Meng Cui, Miao Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that regulate the passage of ions across cell membranes, thereby shaping processes as diverse as neuronal signaling, muscle contraction, and hormone secretion. Channel activation is typically initiated by a stimulus such as voltage, ligand binding, or mechanical stress that induces conformational changes and opens the channel pore. Beyond activation, channels are subject to fine-tuned modulation by a wide range of endogenous and exogenous agents, from lipids and neurotransmitters to pharmacological drugs. Modulators can stabilize the open, closed, or inactivated states, shift ligand affinities, or alter gating kinetics. Dissecting the structural and dynamic basis of …

Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, And Drug Interactions Of Remimazolam, Derek E. Murrell, Sam Harirforoosh

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Remimazolam, an ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine, has emerged as a promising sedative agent for procedural sedation and general anesthesia. It combines the favorable properties of traditional benzodiazepines with a rapid onset and offset of action, largely due to its unique metabolism via hepatic carboxylesterases rather than cytochrome P450 enzymes. This metabolism allows for predictable pharmacokinetics, reducing the risk of prolonged sedation and drug accumulation, particularly in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. Clinically, remimazolam demonstrates non-inferiority to midazolam and propofol, with advantages including a lower incidence of hypotension and respiratory depression. Multiple randomized controlled trials have shown its efficacy in various procedural …

Air Pollution And Diseases: Signaling, G Protein-Coupled And Toll Like Receptors, Isabella Cattani-Cavalieri, Katrina F. Ostrom, Jordyn Margolis, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Martina Schmidt

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Air pollution is a significant public health issue that impacts lung health, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Both natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollution give rise to a variety of toxic compounds, including particulate matter (PM), ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Exposure to these pollutants is strongly associated with the development and exacerbation of respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Notably, early life exposure to pollutants such as …

Peptide-Based Inorganic Nanoparticles As Efficient Intracellular Delivery Systems, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Rajesh Vadlapatla, Ajoy Koomer, Anthony Nguyen, Vian Khoury, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background/Objectives: Peptide-based inorganic nanoparticles (PINPs) have emerged as promising candidates for intracellular delivery due to their unique structural and functional attributes. These hybrid nanostructures combine the high surface area and tunable optical/magnetic properties of metal cores (e.g., Au, Ag, Fe3O4) with the biocompatibility, targeting specificity, and responsive behavior of peptides. In particular, peptides with amphipathic or cell-penetrating features could facilitate efficient transport of molecular cargos across cellular membranes while enabling stimulus-responsive drug release in target tissues. Methods: We review key synthesis methods (especially green, peptide-mediated one-pot approaches), functionalization strategies (e.g., thiol-gold bonds, click chemistries), and characterization techniques (TEM, …

Enhancing Cataract Surgery Outcomes: Optimal Use Of Pre- And Post-Operative Eye Drops, Keith Skolnick M.D., Anu Valiaveedu

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

Many preoperative and postoperative cataract patients struggle with comprehending the use of prescription medication as directed. Language barriers and low health literacy levels are major factors contributing to improper use of prescriptions. To increase patients comprehension, the Fort Lauderdale Eye Institute employed an educational intervention consisting of a live presentation and an instructional video. Results found that 44% of patients were hesitant to ask questions to clinical staff, 32% felt overwhelmed, and nearly 70% lacked confidence in using their prescribed eye drops. Following the intervention, 91% of patients reported increased confidence in their medications, and most indicated that the video …

Assessing Buprenorphine Treatment Utilization And Samhsa Data Waiver Provider Distribution In 2021: A Real-World Analysis In California, Yun Wang, Tao Hu, Chih-Hung Chang, Matthew Heshmatipour, Jeff Jianfei Guo, Moom R. Roosan, Karen A. Miotto

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Qualified clinicians previously required a practitioner waiver (i.e., “DATA-waiver” or "X-waiver") to offer buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, many counties in the US experience fewer buprenorphine prescriptions due to factors such as “DATA-waiver” providers underutilizing their buprenorphine prescribing ability. Our study aimed to compare the availability of active buprenorphine-prescribing clinicians in California to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)-listed DATA waived prescribers under each 5-digit ZIP Code. This study utilized the buprenorphine prescription record data in 2021 from California’s Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES). The list of the locators for …

Specificity Of Interaction Of Antimicrobial Peptide With Cell Membrane, Srishhti Kumar Jha

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global health threat due to its rising incidence worldwide. Resistant microbial infections have become difficult to treat and pose serious risks to patients. In 2019, AMR was responsible for approximately 1.27 million deaths globally, with numbers continuing to rise. The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the urgent need for new antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action and low toxicity to combat this issue. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising solution. These peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and rapid killing kinetics, reducing the likelihood of resistance development. AMPs primarily target bacterial cell membranes. Their …

Use Of Naltrexone For Treating Binge Eating And Food Obsession Related To Trauma: A Case Report And Literature Review, Rebecca K. Hicks, Iram Kingson, Jordan Gaal, Suzanne Holroyd

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Impulse-control disorders, including those related to eating behaviors, are complex conditions with limited pharmacologic treatment options. While naltrexone is primarily used for opioid and alcohol dependence, emerging research suggests it may also be effective in managing a variety of impulse-driven conditions. As a pure opioid antagonist, naltrexone’s mechanism of action involves the inhibition of opioid receptors on dopaminergic neurons involved in the reward pathway of the brain, thereby reducing the reinforcing effects of substances such as alcohol and opioids. Research suggests that through this mechanism of action, naltrexone shows promise in treating impulsive behaviors also driven by the reward pathway, …

In Vitro Α-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition Activity Test Of Water Extract From Sintok (Cinnamomum Sintoc Blume) Bark, Astrella Amanda Putri Saksono, Inana Ratu Soripada Simanjuntak, Mariana Wahjudi, Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels beyond the normal limits. One therapeutic approach for managing diabetes mellitus involves inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, which plays a role in glucose absorption in the body. However, the use of oral antidiabetic drugs from the α-glucosidase inhibitor class often causes gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, exploring natural materials as alternative treatments is a promising option. In Indonesia, one plant with potential as an alternative treatment is sintok (Cinnamomum sintoc Blume), a member of the Cinnamomum genus, which is widely utilized in traditional medicine for chronic diseases such as …

Authentication Of Kaffir Lime Leaf Oil (Citrus Hystrix D.C.) In Products Using Ftir Combined With Chemometrics, Jeffry Jeffry, Any Guntarti, Nina Salamah

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Indonesia is rich in aromatic plants, producing approximately 40 types of essential oils used in various industries, including health and aromatherapy. Essential oils have significant potential but face high rates of adulteration. This study aimed to identify kaffir lime leaf oil (Citrus hystrix D.C.), to determine the essential oil profile, and to detect adulteration in commercial oil products. The methods used involved steam distillation and characterization tests of kaffir lime leaf essential oil, including yield percentage and organoleptic, density, refractive index, and solubility in alcohol. An essential oil content test and adulteration detection using FTIR combined with chemometrics were …

Potential Of Legume Seeds From The Leguminosae Family As Material Source Of Food And Medicine : A Literature Review, Ni Made Ayu Gangga Dewi, Nina Dewi Oktaviyanti, Aurapa Sakulpanich, Kartini Kartini

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Leguminosae, also known as Fabaceae, is the third largest plant family after Orchidaceae and Asteraceae. This review aimed to explore the potential of several legume species indigenous to Indonesia, from the Leguminosae family, as sources of food and medicine. The data used for the analysis were collected from various online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The results showed that there were 13 species of Leguminosae family plants found easily in Indonesia including Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Mucuna pruriens, Arachis hypogaea, Vigna subterranea, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus lunatus, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata, Vigna angularis, Vigna …

Optimization Of Formula, Stability Testing, And Antioxidant Activity Of Clay Masks As Skin Moisturizers, Naniek Widyaningrum, Agung Dwi Anggoro Bhakti, Alghafiqy Harya Evan Maulana, Amalia Safitri, Adinda Fajrah Ramadhani, Anisa Febriani, Anggit Naufal Hanafi, Thendi Abdul Arief

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Clay masks are cosmetic formulations designed to adhere closely to the skin, effectively lifting contaminants, cleansing the face, and absorbing impurities. We made a clay mask containing active ingredients such as niacinamide, alpha arbutin, ceramide, and hyaluronic acid. A careful selection of ingredients is essential for ensuring safety and mitigating potential dermatological issues. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics, stability, primary irritation potential, and moisturizing efficacy of this clay mask formulation. Kaolin and bentonite are the primary base materials. The research included formulation optimization and physical stability testing using a cycling test, where each cycle was conducted over …

Combination Of Irreversible Electroporation And Clostridium Novyi-Nt Bacterial Therapy For Colorectal Liver Metastasis, Zigeng Zhang, Guangbo Yu, Qiaoming Hou, Farideh Amirrad, Sha Webster, Surya M. Nauli, Jianhua Yu, Vahid Yaghmai, Aydin Eresen, Zhuoli Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its high incidence and poor prognosis in unresectable cases. Current treatments, including surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and liver-directed therapies, often fail to effectively target hypoxic tumor regions, which are inherently more resistant to these interventions. This review examines the potential of a novel therapeutic strategy combining irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation and Clostridium novyi-nontoxic (C. novyi-NT) bacterial therapy. IRE is a non-thermal tumor ablation technique that uses high-voltage electric pulses to create permanent nanopores in cell membranes, leading to cell death while preserving surrounding structures, and …

Cilia In The Brain Display Region-Dependent Oscillations Of Length And Orientation, Roudabeh Vakil Monfared, Sherif Abdelkarim, Pieter Derdeyn, Kiki Chen, Hanting Wu, Kenneth Leong, Tiffany Chang, Justine Lee, Sara Versales, Surya M. Nauli, Kevin Beier, Pierre Baldi, Amal Alachkar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

In this study, we conducted high-throughput spatiotemporal analysis of primary cilia length and orientation across 22 mouse brain regions. We developed automated image analysis algorithms, which enabled us to examine over 10 million individual cilia, generating the largest spatiotemporal atlas of cilia. We found that cilia length and orientation display substantial variations across different brain regions and exhibit fluctuations over a 24-h period, with region-specific peaks during light-dark phases. Our analysis revealed unique orientation patterns of cilia, suggesting that cilia orientation within the brain is not random but follows specific patterns. Using BioCycle, we identified rhythmic fluctuations in cilia length …

Modulation Of Redox-Sensitive Cardiac Ion Channels, Rawan S. Orfali, Al Hassan Gamal El-Din, Varnika Karthik, Elisanjer Lamis, Vanna Xiao, Alena Ramanishka, Abdullah Alwatban, Osama Alkhamees, Ali Alaseem, Young-Woo Nam, Miao Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Redox regulation is crucial for the cardiac action potential, coordinating the sodium-driven depolarization, calcium-mediated plateau formation, and potassium-dependent repolarization processes required for proper heart function. Under physiological conditions, low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by mitochondria and membrane oxidases, adjust ion channel function and support excitation–contraction coupling. However, when ROS accumulate, they modify a variety of important channel proteins in cardiomyocytes, which commonly results in reducing potassium currents, enhancing sodium and calcium influx, and enhancing intracellular calcium release. These redox-driven alterations disrupt the cardiac rhythm, promote after-depolarizations, impair contractile force, and accelerate the development of heart diseases. Experimental models demonstrate …

Kshv Vil6 Inhibits Functional B Cell Maturation During De Novo Infection, Wajd Zakir, Jessica M. Osborn, Jennifer Totonchy

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Despite causative links to lymphoproliferative disorders, little is known about early events governing KSHV infection in B lymphocytes. IL-6 signaling plays a critical role in KSHV-mediated disease, with human IL-6 (hIL6) levels correlating with viral load and disease progression. This dynamic is even more complex due to the coexistence of hIL6 and KSHV-encoded viral IL-6 (vIL6) in these diseases. We hypothesize that hIL6 and vIL6 play critical, separable and collective roles in the early stages of KSHV infection in B cells. In this study, we use our ex vivo model of KSHV infection in human tonsil lymphocytes to investigate the …

New Onset Diabetic Retinopathy With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A Case Report, Jennifer Ko, Yaseman Jahromi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Utilizing Pharmacogenomics To Improve Students' Self-Perception On The Interprofessional Competencies Of Roles And Responsibilities, And Teams And Teamwork, Amanda Brown, Moom R. Roosan, Robert Goldsteen, Scott D. Ochs, Reza Taheri

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is an emerging discipline with the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine, but its successful implementation requires interprofessional collaboration. To address this need, a virtual interprofessional education (IPE) session was designed for student pharmacists and medical students to engage in a case-based learning experience.

Objective

The primary objective was to develop and implement an IPE activity focused on a patient case requiring PGx-guided dual antiplatelet therapy and to assess students' perceptions of two Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) Version 3 Core Competencies. A secondary objective was to identify key lessons from the session.

Methods

Pharmacist and physician faculty collaboratively …

Targeting Obesity: The Role Of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists In Achieving Sustainable Weight Loss, Brad Vamplew

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

This review critically evaluates the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist pharmacotherapy in managing obesity. Obesity is a health epidemic that affects 100 million Americans, and it puts individuals at higher risk for numerous health comorbidities over a lifetime. A comprehensive literature review was completed by utilizing PubMed and its clinical queries function to locate relevant research. The research information was narrowed down with a focus on obesity management and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for therapy. Numerous current clinical studies and trials were incorporated into this review. Many clinical trials substantiated the benefits of this pharmacotherapy for the management of …

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial And Wound Healing Activities Of Jatropha Podagrica Extracts, Reawfang Sriyom, Arunporn Itharat, Onmanee Prajuabjinda, Sumalee Panthong, Pakakrong Thongdeeying, Metar Siriwattanasathorn, Maneewan Panthong, Neal M. Davies

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Jatropha podagrica has been traditionally used to treat skin infections and promote wound healing. However, there is currently no scientific research validating its antimicrobial or wound-healing properties.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and wound-healing activities of various extracts from all parts of J. podagrica, using different solvents. In addition, the chemical composition of the most effective extract was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

Materials and Methods: The leaves, stem, and root of J. podagrica were extracted using hexane, 95% ethanol, ethanol-soluble hexane residue, and aqueous decoction. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were assessed …

Concurrent Use Of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants And Nsaids In Low Back Pain Management: A Critical Review Of Current Evidence And Future Directions, Rupesh A. Saindane, Nilima A. Thombre

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Low back pain (LBP) represents a leading cause of non-fatal disability globally. Its high prevalence and disabling nature highlight the urgent need for effective management strategies. The exact cause of LBP still remains unclear, and thus, its treatment remains symptomatic. LBP is commonly treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs). These agents are frequently used in combination to target both inflammation and muscle spasms. However, the clinical guidelines vary widely on the recommendation for the use of such combination therapy. The present review evaluates evidence from randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews on the concurrent use …

A Review Of Overlapping Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction, Ploylarp Lertvipapath, Roongrat Piyananjaruhsri, Diana Karimee

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are life-threatening drug hypersensitivity reactions, including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). SCARs occur in approximately 0.1% of hospitalizations and have mortality rates ranging from 5% for AGEP to 5–35% for SJS/TEN. AGEP typically presents with acute erythematous areas, sterile pustules, fever, and neutrophilia within 48–72 h of drug exposure. In contrast, DRESS manifests as fever, facial edema, morbilliform rash, and exfoliative dermatitis, often accompanied by hematologic abnormalities and multi-organ involvement, including hepatitis, pneumonitis, and myocarditis. Moreover, SJS and TEN …

Impact Of Stereochemical Replacement On Activity And Selectivity Of Membrane-Active Antibacterial And Antifungal Cyclic Peptides, Sandeep Lohan, Anastasia G. Konshina, Eman H. M. Mohammed, Naiera M. Helmy, Srishhti K. Jha, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Innokentiy Maslennikov, Roman G. Efremov, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Herein, we report a library of 7-mer macrocyclic peptides designed by systematically replacing one, multiple, or all L-amino acids with their D-isomers in our previously identified hit compounds. Lead peptides, 15c and 16c, showed broad-spectrum activity against bacteria (Gram-positive minimum inhibitory activity (MIC 1.5–6.2 µg/mL and Gram-negative MIC 6.2–25 µg/mL) and fungi (MIC = 3.1–25 µg/mL). Additionally, peptides 15c and 16c showed rapid kill kinetics and biofilm degradation potential against both bacteria and fungi, while resistance development was not observed. The antimicrobial effect of these macrocyclic peptides was attributed to their membranolytic action, which was confirmed by calcein dye …

Engineering Lipid–Polymer Nanoparticles For Sirna Delivery To Cancer Cells, Arthur Manda, Abdulelah Alhazza, Hasan Uludağ, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool that can target many proteins without the expensive and time-consuming drug development studies. However, due to the challenges in delivering RNA molecules, the potential impact of RNAi approaches is yet to be fully realized in clinical settings. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been the most successful delivery system for nucleic acids, but targeted delivery to a solid tumor still eludes the developed LNPs. We hypothesized that specially designed low-molecular-weight PEIs can partially or completely replace the ionizable lipids for more accommodating vehicles due to the structural flexibility offered by polymers, which could …

Molecular Insights Into The Role Of Estrogen Receptor Beta In Ecdysterone Mediated Anabolic Activity, Syeda Sumayya Tariq, Madiha Sardar, Muhammad Shafiq, Hendrick Heinz, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Aftab Ahmad, Zaheer Ul-Haq

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Ecdysterone, often dubbed a “natural steroid,” has garnered significant attention among athletes for its reputed growth-promoting and anabolic properties. Unlike synthetic anabolic steroids, which are classified as controlled substances, ecdysteroids remain largely unregulated in many countries and are widely marketed as dietary supplements. Notably, ecdysterone has been included in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) monitoring program, highlighting its potential impact on athletic performance and raising questions about its regulation. Emerging evidence indicates that, unlike traditional anabolic steroids that act primarily via the Androgen Receptor (AR), ecdysterone’s anabolic effects may be mediated through Estrogen Receptors (ERs), particularly Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ). …

Bridging Oral And Systemic Health: Exploring Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, And Diagnostic Innovations In Periodontal Disease, Max Foroughi, Mahmoud Torabinejad, Nikola Angelov, David M. Ojcius, Keykavous Parang, Marcus Ravnan, Jerika Lam

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

This narrative review explores the multifaceted links between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and systemic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, Alzheimer’s disease, cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and respiratory infections. It aims to synthesize evidence on how local oral infections exert systemic effects and evaluate the potential of diagnostic technologies to monitor these interactions.

Methods

This narrative review synthesizes current scientific literature on periodontal disease pathogenesis, focusing on key pathogens (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum) and their roles in driving local and systemic inflammation via virulence factors and microbial dysbiosis. It examines biomarker-based diagnostic approaches …

An Exploratory Pharmacogenetic Pilot Study Of Two Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Derek E. Murrell, Benjamin C. Kennard, Maria E. Bertoni, David B. Cluck, Jonathan P. Moorman, Stacy D. Brown, Keshang Wang, Michelle M. Duffourc, Sam Harirforoosh

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background and Objectives

The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are frequently employed in treating human immunodeficiency virus. Further, each form of tenofovir requires laboratory monitoring to determine efficacy and tolerability among patients. This study sought to investigate the relationship, if any, of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and selected clinical parameters.

Methods

The study population, predominantly Caucasian males with a median age of 53.0 years [interquartile range 46.0–59.0], was assayed for genetic variations using an iPLEX ADME PGx Pro v1.0 Panel.

Results

Although several SNP relationships were found with both forms of tenofovir, many of …