Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Molecular Recognition Of M1-Linked Ubiquitin Chains By Native And Phosphorylated Uban Domains, Lina Herhaus, Henry Van Den Bedem, Sean Teng, Innokentiy Maslennikov, Soichi Wakatsuki, Ivan Dikic, Simin Rahighi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Although the Ub-binding domain in ABIN proteins and NEMO (UBAN) is highly conserved, UBAN-containing proteins exhibit different Ub-binding properties, resulting in their diverse biological roles. Post-translational modifications further control UBAN domain specificity for poly-Ub chains. However, precisely, how the UBAN domain structurally confers such functional diversity remains poorly understood. Here we report crystal structures of ABIN-1 alone and in complex with one or two M1-linked di-Ub chains. ABIN-1 UBAN forms a homo-dimer that provides two symmetrical Ub-binding sites on either side of the coiled-coil structure. Moreover, crystal structures of ABIN1 UBAN in complex with di-Ub chains reveal a concentration-dependency of …

Modification And Characterization Of Chloro-Sugar Derivatives As Anti-Bacterial Agents, Mansi Jani

Theses and Dissertations

Sucralose is an artificial sugar substitute which is most commonly used sweetener among other artificial sweeteners. It is derived from sucrose through a complex chemical process that selectively substitutes three atoms of chlorine for three hydroxyl groups on sucrose molecule, which have shown some inhibition of bacterial growth in gut. The goal of the project was to substitute halide in sucralose in a way that it sustains potential anti-bacterial activity along with sweetening effect, which can be then incorporated into mouthwash formulation. Sucralose is very stable molecule and it also has other physico-chemical advantages which are suitable for our anticipated …

Small‐Molecule Activators Of Glucose‐6‐Phosephate Dehydrogenase (G6pd) Bridging The Dimer Interface, Andrew G. Raub, Sunhee Hwang, Naoki Horikoshi, Anna D. Cunningham, Simin Rahighi, Soichi Wakatsuki, Daria Mochly-Rosen

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

We have recently identified AG1, a small-molecule activator that functions by promoting oligomerization of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to the catalytically competent forms. Biochemical experiments indicate activation of G6PD by the original hit molecule (AG1) is noncovalent and that one C2-symmetric region of the G6PD homodimer is important for ligand function. Consequently, the disulfide in AG1 is not required for activation of G6PD and a number of analogs were prepared without this reactive moiety. Our Study supports a mechanism of action whereby AG1 bridges the dimer interface at the structural nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)-binding sites of two interacting G6PD …

Development Of Approaches Of Tumor Trapping Enhanced Bb2r-Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals For Prostate Cancer, Wenting Zhang

Theses & Dissertations

The Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (BB2r) has been intensively investigated as a cancer target over the years. Numerous diagnostic and therapeutic BB2r-targeted agents have been developed for various solid tumors, including prostate cancers, due to the high expression level of BB2r on neoplastic relative to normal tissues. The development of those targeted agents have mainly utilized the modified c-terminal of bombesin(BBN), a peptide that has nanomolar binding affinity to human BB2r. However, a major issue that hinders the clinical translational potential of low-molecular weight, receptor-targted agents, is their short residence time at tumor tissues due to the intrinsically high diffusion and …

Integration Of Native American Medicinal Plants Into The Heber W. Youngken Jr. Garden, Emily Lyn Murray

Senior Honors Projects

Healthcare among Native American tribes was focused on all aspects of a patient’s life, such as physical, spiritual, and environmental elements. Healthy outcomes were obtained by maintaining a balance among all of these components. This “bio-psycho-socio-spiritual” approach to healthcare was thought to not only play a role in the health of a certain individual, but the health of the tribe as a whole. An illness was not only precipitated by a physical source, but by an imbalance of these components. Medicinal plants served as an integral role in direct physical healing, as well as an important element for the execution …

Experimental Pharmacological Research Regarding Some New Quinazolin-4-Ones Derivatives, Cornel Chiriță, Emil Ștefănescu, Cristina E. Zbârcea, Simona Negreș, Mihaela Bratu, Diana C. Nuță, Carmen Limban, Ileana C. Chiriță, Cristina D. Marineci

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

A series of new compounds with quinazolin-4-one structure, synthesized by the Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, was studied. Five of them were selected, conventionally named S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and investigated in terms of their potential influence on the central nervous system (CNS). For this purpose, the antidepressant effect was determined using the forced swimming test; the anxiolytic/ anxiogenic effect was determined using the suspended plus-shaped maze (Ugo Basile); the effect on the motor activity was determined using the Ugo Basile activity cage; and the potential …

Sensory Primary Cilium Is A Responsive Camp Microdomain In Renal Epithelia, Rinzhin T. Sherpa, Ashraf M. Mohieldin, Rajasekharreddy Pala, Dagmar Wachten, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Primary cilia are hair-like cellular extensions that sense microenvironmental signals surrounding cells. The role of adenylyl cyclases in ciliary function has been of interest because the product of adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP, is relevant to cilia-related diseases. In the present study, we show that vasopressin receptor type-2 (V2R) is localized to cilia in kidney epithelial cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of V2R with tolvaptan increases ciliary length and mechanosensory function. Genetic knockdown of V2R, however, does not have any effect on ciliary length, although the effect of tolvaptan on ciliary length is dampened. Our study reveals that tolvaptan may have a cilia-specific …

Amphiphilic Peptides For Efficient Sirna Delivery, Saghar Mozaffari, Emira Bousoik, Farideh Amirrad, Robert Lamboy, Melissa Coyle, Ryley Hall, Abdulaziz Alasmari, Parvin Mahdipoor, Keykavous Parang, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A number of amphiphilic cyclic peptides—[FR]4, [WR]5, and [WK]5—containing hydrophobic and positively-charged amino acids were synthesized by Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide methods and evaluated for their efficiency in intracellular delivery of siRNA to triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, in the presence and absence of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). Among the peptides, [WR]5, which contains alternate tryptophan (W) and arginine (R) residues, was found to be the most efficient in the delivery of siRNA by improving the delivery by more than 3-fold when compared to other synthesized cyclic peptides that were not efficient. The data also showed that co-formulation of [WR]5 …

Iron-Containing Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Chrionic Biofilm Infections In Cystic Fibrosis, Leisha M. A. Martin

Nanoscience and Microsystems ETDs

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease resulting in the morbidity and mortality of Caucasian children and adults worldwide. Due to a genetic mutation resulting in malfunction of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein, CF patients produce highly viscous mucus in their respiratory tract. This leads to impairment of the mucociliary clearance of inhaled microbes. In addition to reduced microbial clearance, anoxic environmental conditions in the lungs promote biofilm-mode growth of the pathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chronic infections of P. aeruginosa begin in early childhood and typically persist until respiratory failure and death result. The …

Synthesis And Antiproliferative Activities Of Conjugates Of Paclitaxel And Camptothecin With A Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptide, Naglaa Salem El-Sayed, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Shang Eun Park, Keykavous Parang, Rakesh Tiwari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Cell-penetrating peptide [WR]5 has been previously shown to be an efficient molecular transporter for various hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. The peptide was synthesized using Fmoc/tBu solid-phase chemistry, and one arginine was replaced with one lysine to enable the conjugation with the anticancer drugs. Paclitaxel (PTX) was functionalized with an esterification reaction at the C20 hydroxyl group of PTX with glutaric anhydride and conjugated with the cyclic peptide [W(WR)4K(bAla)] in DMF to obtain the peptide-drug conjugate PTX1. Furthermore, camptothecin (CPT) was modified at the C(20)-hydroxyl group through the reaction with triphosgene. Then, it was conjugated with two functionalized cyclic peptides through …

Fluorometholone Modulates Gene Expression Of Ocular Surface Mucins, Jonathan Taniguchi, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

Mucins are vital to keep the ocular surface hydrated. Genes encoding for mucins contain a glucocorticoid response element. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluorometholone, a glucocorticoid receptor agonist used in the management of dry eye, on the gene expression of conjunctival and corneal epithelial cell mucins.

Methods

Stratified cultures of human conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells were exposed to 25, 50 and 100 nM of fluorometholone alone or in presence of mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. The mRNA was isolated from the cells and reverse transcribed to cDNA. The cDNA was used for …

Meta-Analysis To Identify And Evaluate Factors Associated With Regulatory Approval Of Orphan Drugs (Od) To Develop An Algorithm For Predicting Regulatory Approval (Success) And To Develop A Standardized Tool To Improve Orphan Drug Portfolio Decision-Making, Milky C. Florent

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Background and Purpose of the Study: Developed an algorithm (AODI) for predicting probability of regulatory success (PRS) for new orphan drugs after phase II testing has been conductedwith the objective of providing a tool to improve drug portfolio decision-making.Methods: Examined 132 studies from recent publications (2005 onwards). Data on safety, efficacy, operational, market, and company characteristics were obtained from public sources. Meta-analysis and meta-regressions were used to provide an unbiased approach to assess overall predictability and to identify the most important individual predictors.Results: Found that a simple three-factor model (disease prevalence, clinical trial duration and clinical trial …

Small Peptide Ligands For Targeting Egfr In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Hanieh Hossein-Nejad-Ariani, Emad Althagafi, Kamaljit Kaur

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The efficacy of chemotherapy for cancer treatment can be increased by targeted drug delivery to the cancer cells. This is particularly important for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) for which chemotherapy is a major form of treatment. Here we designed and screened a library of 30 peptides starting with a previously reported epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting peptide GE11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI). A direct peptide array-whole cell binding assay, where the peptides are conjugated to a cellulose membrane, was used to identify four peptides with enhanced binding to TNBC cells. Next, the four peptides were synthesized as FITC-labelled soluble peptides to …

Synthesis Of Novel Library Of Cyanopyrrolidinyl Beta-Amino Alcohols And Matrine Alkaloids, Xiaotian Chen

Theses and Dissertations

Cyanopyrrolidines and beta-Amino alcohols are molecular scaffolds that are highly found in commercially available drugs. We developed a multi-step synthetic method to form a novel library of compounds as inhibitors that share both scaffolds toward potent and selective diabetes therapeutics. Despite the ease for the synthesis of Cyanopyrrolidines, the difficulty of forming high selective beta-Amino alcohols is challenging. We successfully find the best condition for the preference of highly selective mono-alkylation and double-alkylation products and produce them with high yield.

Matrine is an alkaloid found in plants from the genus Sophora and can produce some pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer …

Src Family Kinase Inhibitors Block Translation Of Alphavirus Subgenomic Mrnas, Rebecca Broeckel, Sanjay Sarkar, Nicholas A. May, Jennifer Totonchy, Craig N. Kreklywich, Patricia Smith, Lee Graves, Victor R. Defilippis, Mark T. Heise, Thomas E. Morrison, Nathaniel Moorman, Daniel N. Streblow

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that can cause arthralgia, myalgia, and encephalitis in humans. Since the role of cellular kinases in alphavirus replication is unknown, we profiled kinetic changes in host kinase abundance and phosphorylation following chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection of fibroblasts. Based upon the results of this study, we treated CHIKV-infected cells with kinase inhibitors targeting the Src family kinase (SFK)–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT–mTORC signaling pathways. Treatment of cells with SFK inhibitors blocked the replication of CHIKV as well as multiple other alphaviruses, including Mayaro virus, O’nyong-nyong virus, Ross River virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Dissecting the effect of …

Inhibition Of Cancer Stem Cells By Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics, Connor P. O'Hara

Theses and Dissertations

Connor O’Hara July 29, 2019

Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells by Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics

In the United States cancer is the second leading cause of death, with colorectal cancer (CRC) being the third deadliest cancer and expected to cause over 51,000 fatalities in 2019 alone.¹ The current standard of care for CRC depends largely on the staging, location, and presence of metastasis.² As the tumor grows and invades nearby lymph tissue and blood vessels, CRC has the opportunity to invade not only nearby tissue but also metastasize into the liver and lung (most commonly).³ The 5-year survival rate …

Development Of Bivalent Ligands Targeting The Putative Mu Opioid Receptor And Chemokine Receptor Cxcr4 Heterodimer, Bethany A. Reinecke

Theses and Dissertations

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid abuse have been described as synergistic epidemics. Pharmacologically, it has been found that opioids have the capacity to enhance HIV infection and replication. Research has shown that activation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) elevates the expression of the HIV-1 entry co-receptor CXCR4 on T-lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system, thus allowing for enhanced viral entry and invasion. Although the exact mechanism for opioid modulation of CXCR4 expression and subsequent exacerbation of HIV is unknown, several hypotheses exist. One hypothesis is that MOR and CXCR4 are functionally interacting through the formation of a heterodimer. This …

The Development Of Novel Proteasome Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Multiple Myeloma And Alzheimer’S Disease, Min Jae Lee

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Over a decade, proteasome inhibitors (PIs), bortezomib, carfilzomib (Cfz) and ixazomib, have contributed to a significant improvement in the overall survival for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, the response rate of PI was fairly low, leaving a huge gap in MM patient care. Given this, mechanistic understanding of PI resistance is crucial towards developing new therapeutic strategies for refractory/relapsed MM patients.

In this dissertation work, we found H727 human bronchial carcinoid cells are inherently resistant to Cfz, yet susceptible to other PIs and inhibitors targeting upstream components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). It indicated H727 cells may serve as a …

Computational Modeling Guided Discovery Of Novel Inhibitors Of Mpges-1 And Butyrylcholinesterase As Drug Candidates, Shuo Zhou

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Ever since the advent of computer-aided drug design (CADD), in silico simulation methods have greatly accelerated the drug discovery process and lead to the discovery of numerous drug candidates. With the exponential growth of computational power, we nowadays simulate biologic systems at a scale unimaginable a decade ago and thus provides perspectives for drug design. In this dissertation research, combining in silico simulation methods like molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with organic synthesis, in vitro/in vivo experiments and clinical data mining, we developed new drug discovery strategies. These strategies were applied in our drug discovery projects and led …

Toward An Enzyme-Coupled, Bioorthogonal Platform For Methyltransferases: Probing The Specificity Of Methionine Adenosyltransferases, Tyler D. Huber

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to various substrates including DNA, proteins, and natural products (NPs), is accomplished by methyltransferases (MTs). Analogs of AdoMet, bearing an alternative S-alkyl group can be exploited, in the context of an array of wild-type MT-catalyzed reactions, to differentially alkylate DNA, proteins, and NPs. This technology provides a means to elucidate MT targets by the MT-mediated installation of chemoselective handles from AdoMet analogs to biologically relevant molecules and affords researchers a fresh route to diversify NP scaffolds by permitting the differential alkylation of chemical sites vulnerable to NP MTs that are unreactive to …

I3: Isomerization Of Isomer Ions, Krisztián Gabor Torma

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy is a robust tool for elucidating complex unimolecular dissociation mechanisms and for determining thermochemical and kinetic data of gas-phase ion dissociations with high accuracy. In this work, the dissociative photoionization of two sets of isomeric systems were analyzed with PEPICO: 1) C7H7+ ions of toluene (Tol) and 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (CHT), and 2) two butyl alcohol isomers, 1-butanol and isobutanol. Threshold dissociative photoionization data on these four molecules of interest were collected on the imaging PEPICO apparatus at the VUV beamline of the Swiss Light Source. Data analysis was aided by ab initio calculations and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) …

Intrapulmonary Inoculation Of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids To Construct An Orthotopic Lung Cancer Xenograft Model That Mimics Four Clinical Stages Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Yingbo Huang

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer leads in mortality among all types of cancer in the US and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. Immuno-compromised mice bearing xenografts of human lung cancer cells represent the most common animal models for studying lung cancer biology and for evaluating potential anticancer agents. However, orthotopic lung cancer models based on intrapulmonary injection of suspended cancer cells feature premature leakage of the cancer cells to both sides of the lung within five days, which generates a quick artifact of metastasis and thus belies the development and progression of lung cancer as seen …

Xflow: An Algorithm For Extracting Ion Chromatograms, Mathew M. Gutierrez, Rob Smith

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Abstract: Mass spectrometry is a fundamental tool for modern proteomics. The increasing availability of mass spectrometry data paired with the increasing sensitivity and fidelity of the instruments necessitates new and more potent analytical methods. To that end, we have created and present XFlow, a feature detection algorithm for extracting ion chromatograms from MS1 LC-MS data. XFlow is a parameter-free procedurally agnostic feature detection algorithm that utilizes the latent properties of ion chromatograms to resolve them from the surrounding noise present in MS1 data. XFlow is designed to function on either profile or centroided data across different resolutions and instruments. This …

Semisynthetic Aurones: A Family Of Newly Discovered Tubulin Inhibitors As Antineoplastic Agents, Yanqi Xie

Theses and Dissertations--Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Aurones belong to an uncommon class of plant flavonoids that provide the bright yellow coloration of some ornamental flowers and that possess a range of biological activities. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) in the aurone pharmacophore identified heterocyclic variants of the (Z)-2-benzylidene-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one scaffold that possessed low nanomolar in vitro potency in cell proliferation assays using various cancer cell lines, in vivo potency in prostate cancer PC-3 xenograft and zebrafish models, selectivity for the colchicine-binding site on tubulin, and absence of appreciable toxicity. Among the biologically active analogs developed in the course of this dissertation work were (Z …

Design, Synthesis And Pharmacological Characterization Of Potential Mu Opioid Receptor Selective Ligands, Abhishek S. Kulkarni

Theses and Dissertations

Selective Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR) antagonists possess immense potential in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Utilizing the “message-address” concept, our laboratory reported a novel, reversible, non-peptide MOR selective antagonist 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4՛-pyridyl)carboxamido]morphinan (NAP). Molecular modeling studies revealed that the selectivity of NAP for the MOR is because of a π-π stacking interaction of its pyridine ring with the Trp318residue in theMOR. Pharmacological characterization showed that NAP is a P-glycoprotein substrate, thereby limiting its use in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Thus, to modify NAP, we replaced the pyridine ring with its isosteric counterpart thiophene. Isosteric replacement …

Development And Characterization Of Ldv Peptide Targeted Nanocarriers For Paclitaxel Delivery: A Comparative Study Of Micelles, Liposomes And Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Poonam Dattani

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Nanocarriers have been established as delivery vehicles to target cancer tumors. However, premature drug leakage is one of the major reasons for inefficient drug delivery of nanocarriers to the tumor. Drug diffusion out of the nanocarriers or destabilization of drug loaded nanocarriers by physiological interactions with blood cells, serum proteins, and cell membranes upon systemic administration contribute to premature drug release. In this study, targeted micelles, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of similar composition were prepared and characterized to compare physicochemical characteristics, in vitro stability, in vitro release rates in release media and in vivo performance. Peptide Amphiphiles (PAs) …

Development Of A New Class Of Ligand-Targeted Chemotherapeutics With Enhanced Safety And Efficacy Profile, Arindom Pal

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The hydrophobicity of many chemotherapeutic agents usually results in their nonselective passive distribution into healthy cells and organs causing collateral toxicity. Ligand-targeted drugs (LTDs) are a promising class of targeted anticancer agents. The hydrophilicity of the targeting ligands in LTDs limits its nonselective passive tissue distribution and toxicity to healthy cells. In addition, the small size of LTDs allows for better tumor penetration, especially in the case of solid tumors. However, the short circulation half-life of LTDs, due to their hydrophilicity and small size, remains a significant challenge for achieving their full therapeutic potential. Therefore, extending the circulation half-life of …

Investigating The Effect Of Rutaecarpine On The Benzo[A]Pyrene-Induced Dna Damage In Vitro, You Li

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), is one of the most potent mutagens and carcinogens known. It requires metabolic activation through cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 to yield the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE). BPDE can bind to DNA and form predominantly covalent (+) trans adducts at the N2 position of guanine causing DNA damage. Rutaecarpine (RTC) is an herbal medicine that has been used to treat several diseases such as headache, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, amenorrhea, and anti-inflammation. It has also been reported as a potent inducer of CYP enzymes, including CYP1A1, and CYP1A2. The mechanisms underlying up-regulation of CYP1A1 by RTC is dependent on aryl …

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Of Synthetic Cathinones And Related Agents, Rachel A. Davies

Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic cathinones and related agents represent an international drug abuse problem, and at the same time an important class of clinically useful compounds. Structure-activity relationship studies are needed to elucidate molecular features underlying the pharmacology of these agents. Illicit methcathinone (i.e., MCAT), the prototype of the synthetic cathinone class, exists as a racemic mixture. Though the differences in potency and target selectivity between the positional and optical isomers of synthetic cathinones and related agents have been demonstrated to have important implications for abuse and therapeutic potential, the two MCAT isomers have never been directly compared at their molecular targets: the …

Synthesis Of N-Heterocyclic Molecules And Their Applicability Towards Ion Sensing: Polymeric Chemosensors, Aikohi M. Ugboya

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Critical to biological and environmental processes are anions because often times their relative concentration in our body can be an indicator of one’s well-being. Therefore, highly sensitive and cost-efficient methods for ions recognition is necessary for human health. In recent times, polymeric chemosensors have become a vital tool for sensing ions because of its higher sensitivity and good mechanical properties compared to their monomeric counterparts. These sensors are designed to produce a measurable response in the presence of a targeted ion such as an electrochemical or optical signal. The unique structure and the photophysical properties of the 1,2,3-triazole core coupled …