Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Great Expectations: Phosph(On)Ate Prodrugs In Drug Design—Opportunities And Limitations, Victoria Yan

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Phosphate and phosphonates are chemical moieties with historical precedence in anticancer and antiviral nucleotide analogues. Synchronous to modern efforts identifying novel therapeutic targets in cancer, such chemical moieties are being investigated in the design of novel inhibitors with antineoplastic potential. A central challenge to the delivery of phosph(on)ate-containing drugs is their anionic character at physiological pH, which portends poor membrane permeability. This limitation has been successfully overcome through the use of prodrugs. When attached to the phosph(on)ate moiety, prodrugs mask the negative charge and easily enable cell permeability. Upon cellular entry, the promoieties are enzymatically or environmentally cleaved to unveil …

Celecoxib Loaded In-Situ Provesicular Powder And Its In-Vitro Cytotoxic Effect For Cancer Therapy: Fabrication, Characterization, Optimization And Pharmacokinetic Evaluation, Shady Swidan, Ali Nasr, Sameh Elhady, Noha Badawi

Pharmacy

Introduction: Several recent studies have shown that the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in carcinogenesis has become more evident. It affects angiogenesis, apoptosis, and invasion, and plays a key role in the production of carcinogens. It has also been reported that COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib (CLX) might play an effective role in preventing cancer formation and progression. Formulation of CLX into nanovesicles is a promising technique to improve its bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Aim: The aim of this study is to optimize and evaluate the anticancer efficacy of CLX-loaded in-situ provesicular powder composed of surfactants and fatty alcohol-based novel …

Regiospecific Synthesis Of Calcium‐Independent Daptomycin Antibiotics Using A Chemoenzymatic Method, Nagaraju Mupparapu, Yu-Hsin Cindy Lin, Tae Ho Kim, Sherif I. Elshahawi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Daptomycin (DAP) is a calcium (Ca2+)‐dependent FDA‐approved antibiotic drug for the treatment of Gram‐positive infections. It possesses a complex pharmacophore hampering derivatization and/or synthesis of analogs. In order to mimic the Ca2+‐binding effect we uses a chemoenzymatic approach to modify the tryptophan (Trp) residue of DAP and synthesize kinetically characterized and structurally elucidated regiospecific Trp‐modified DAP analogs. We demonstrated that the modified DAPs are several‐folds active than the parent molecule against antibiotic‐susceptible and antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria. Strikingly and in contrast to the parent molecule, the DAP derivatives do not rely on calcium or any additional elements for activity.

Veru-111 As An Oral Tubulin Inhibitor Suppressing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer And Evaluation Of Novel Tubulin Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy, Shanshan Deng

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive clinical features strongly associated with poorer overall prognosis and higher mortality rates relative to other molecular subtypes. FDA-approved drugs, such as paclitaxel, are effective in treating TNBC. Yet, treatment failure is commonly observed due to the development of acquired chemoresistance, which remains a clinical challenge for TNBC therapy.

Vitamin D Levels Affect Survival In A Bcr-Abl Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mouse Model But Do Not Cause Vitamin-Drug Interactions, Kavya Annu

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

It is a well-established phenomenon that dietary components containing CYP3A inducers or inhibitors if co-administered with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates lead to marked drug-drug interactions. Because vitamin D is known to regulate intestinal CYP3A expression and gut CYP3A expression plays an important role in pre-systemic metabolism of CYP3A drugs, we determined the impact of vitamin D (VD3) status on systemic exposure and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents that are CYP3A substrates. We employed VD3 sufficient and deficient mice to perform pharmacokinetics (PK) and anti-leukemic efficacy studies.

First, using hCYP3A4 transgenic mouse model we evaluated the intestinal, hepatic and renal expression …

Model-Based Dose-Exposure-Response Assessment For Lead And Backup Spectinamide In A Mouse Model Of Tuberculosis, Santosh Janardan Wagh

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Despite decades of research, tuberculosis remains the oldest pathogen-based disease that is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Among many anti-tubercular therapies under investigation, the semisynthetic compounds spectinamides are a promising novel class of anti-tuberculosis agents. One such lead candidate, spectinamide 1810, and backup spectinamide 1599 have demonstrated excellent efficacy, safety, and drug-like properties in various in vitro and in vivo assessments. The dose-ranging and dose fractionation studies were designed to characterize the dose-exposure-response relationship for lead and backup spectinamide in a mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this current study, we used 26 and …

Analysis Of Kshv B Lymphocyte Lineage Tropism In Human Tonsil Reveals Efficient Infection Of Cd138+ Plasma Cells, Farizeh Aalam, Ramina Nabiee, Jesus Ramirez Castano, Jennifer Totonchy

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Despite 25 years of research, the basic virology of Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesviruses (KSHV) in B lymphocytes remains poorly understood. This study seeks to fill critical gaps in our understanding by characterizing the B lymphocyte lineage-specific tropism of KSHV. Here, we use lymphocytes derived from 40 human tonsil specimens to determine the B lymphocyte lineages targeted by KSHV early during de novo infection in our ex vivo model system. We characterize the immunological diversity of our tonsil specimens and determine that overall susceptibility of tonsil lymphocytes to KSHV infection varies substantially between donors. We demonstrate that a variety of B lymphocyte …

Lc–Ms/Ms-Based In Vitro And In Vivo Investigation Of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity By Simultaneous Quantitation Of Mannitol And Sucrose, Behnam Noorani, Ekram Ahmed Chowdhury, Faleh Alqahtani, Yeseul Ahn, Dhavalkumar Patel, Abraham Al-Ahmad, Reza Mehvar, Ulrich Bickel

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Understanding the pathophysiology of the blood brain–barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in diagnosis and treatment of disease conditions. Applying a sensitive and specific LC–MS/MS technique for the measurement of BBB integrity with high precision, we have recently introduced non-radioactive [¹³C₁₂]sucrose as a superior marker substance. Comparison of permeability markers with different molecular weight, but otherwise similar physicochemical properties, can provide insights into the uptake mechanism at the BBB. Mannitol is a small hydrophilic, uncharged molecule that is half the size of sucrose. Previously only radioactive [³H]mannitol or [¹⁴C]mannitol has been …

Overcoming Barriers For Sirna Therapeutics: From Bench To Bedside, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Muhammad Moazzam, Shun Kato, Kayley Yeseom Cho, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway possesses immense potential in silencing any gene in human cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of specific genes. FDA Approval of siRNA therapeutics in recent years garnered a new hope in siRNA therapeutics. However, their therapeutic use is limited by several challenges. siRNAs, being negatively charged, are membrane-impermeable and highly unstable in the systemic circulation. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the extracellular barriers, including enzymatic degradation of siRNAs by serum endonucleases and RNAases, rapid renal clearance, membrane impermeability, and activation of the immune system. Besides, we have thoroughly described …

Investigation Of The Sequence-Structure-Activity Relationship In Ponericin L1 From Neoponera Goeldii & Synergistic Interactions Of Ionic Liquids And Antimicrobials To Improve Efficacy, Alexandria S. Senetra

Theses and Dissertations

Non-traditional antimicrobials have been an area of great interest due to the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) & ionic liquids (ILs) are two examples that have been investigated as a potential solution. Most AMPs are naturally derived & exhibit high selectivity against bacterial targets over host cells. The venom-derived peptide, ponericin L1 from Neoponera goeldii, was used to investigate the role of cationic residues & net charge on peptide activity. Using both in vitro & microbiological methods, L1 peptide & derivatives exhibited an alpha-helical conformation with enhanced binding to lipid vesicles containing anionic lipids …

Searching For New Medications For The Treatment Of Alcohol Use Disorder, Harley M. Buechler

Theses and Dissertations

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects more than 15 million people in the United States. Current pharmacotherapeutic treatments for AUD are only modestly effective, necessitating the identification of new targets for medications development. In this study, the effects of the D4 receptor antagonist, L-745,870, and the CB1 negative allosteric modulator, PSNCBAM-1, were both tested for effects in ethanol conditioned place preference (CPP) and oral ethanol self-administration. Food-restricted adult male mice were trained in operant chambers to nose poke for delivery of rewards, trained on ascending concentrations of alcohol with descending concentrations of Ensure and water, until the mixture self-administered was 8% …

Rethinking Fda Regulation Of Complex Products, Philip E. Alford

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Click-Free Synthesis Of A Multivalent Tricyclic Peptide As A Molecular Transporter, Sumit Kumar, Dindyal Mandal, Shaima Ahmed El-Mowafi, Saghar Mozaffari, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The cellular delivery of cell-impermeable and water-insoluble molecules remains an ongoing challenge to overcome. Previously, we reported amphipathic cyclic peptides c[WR]₄ and c[WR]₅ consisting of alternate arginine and tryptophan residues as nuclear-targeting molecular transporters. These peptides contain an optimal balance of positive charge and hydrophobicity, which is required for interactions with the phospholipid bilayer to facilitate their application as a drug delivery system. To further optimize them, we synthesized and evaluated a multivalent tricyclic peptide as an efficient molecular transporter. The monomeric cyclic peptide building blocks were synthesized using Fmoc/tBu solid-phase chemistry and cyclization in the …

Effect Of High Glucose On Ocular Surface Epithelial Cell Barrier And Tight Junction Proteins, Saleh M. Alfuraih, Ashley Barbarino, Christopher Ross, Kiumars Shamloo, Vishal Jhanji, Miao Zhang, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

PURPOSE. Patients with diabetes mellitus are reported to have ocular surface defects, impaired ocular surface barrier function, and a higher incidence of corneal and conjunctival infections. Tight junctions are critical for ocular surface barrier function. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of high glucose exposure on human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell barrier function and tight junction proteins.

METHODS. Human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to 15 mM and 30 mM glucose for 24 and 72 hours. The barrier function was measured using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The cell migration was quantified using scratch assay. …

Hydrophobic Interactions Between The Ha Helix And S4‐S5 Linker Modulate Apparent Ca2+ Sensitivity Of Sk2 Channels, Young-Woo Nam, Meng Cui, Razan Orfali, Adam Viegas, Misa Nguyen, Eman H. M. Mohammed, Khalid Zoghebi, Simin Rahighi, Keykavous Parang, Miao Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Aim

Small‐conductance Ca²⁺‐activated potassium (SK) channels are activated exclusively by increases in intracellular Ca²⁺, that binds to calmodulin constitutively associated with the channel. Wild‐type SK2 channels are activated by Ca²⁺ with an EC50 value of ~0.3 μM. Here, we investigate hydrophobic interactions between the HA helix and the S4‐S5 linker as a major determinant of channel apparent Ca²⁺ sensitivity.

Methods

site‐directed mutagenesis, electrophysiological recordings and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were utilized.

Results

Mutations that decrease hydrophobicity at the HA‐S4‐S5 interface lead to Ca²⁺ hyposensitivity of SK2 channels. Mutations that increase hydrophobicity result in …

Cyclic Peptide-Gadolinium Nanoparticles For Enhanced Intracellular Delivery, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Shang Eun Park, Shirin Rad, Luiza Baloyan, Dindyal Mandal, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Ryley Hall, Sandeep Lohan, Khalid Zoghebi, Keykavous Parang, Rakesh Tiwari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A cyclic peptide containing one cysteine and five alternating tryptophan and arginine amino acids [(WR)₅C] was synthesized using Fmoc/tBu solid-phase methodology. The ability of the synthesized cyclic peptide to produce gadolinium nanoparticles through an in situ one-pot mixing of an aqueous solution of GdCl₃ with [(WR)₅C] peptide solution was evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formed peptide-Gd nanoparticles in star-shape morphology with a size of ~250 nm. Flow cytometry investigation showed that the cellular uptake of a cell-impermeable fluorescence-labeled phosphopeptide (F′-GpYEEI, where F′ = fluorescein) was approximately six times higher in the presence of [(WR) …

Cancer-Targeting Immunostimulatory Peptides As An Immunotherapeutic Approach To Cancer, Rachel Montel

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This dissertation reports the synthesis and biological applications of bifunctional trimeric peptides with B7H6-derived NKp30 binding motifs that serve to activate an immunocytotoxic response in natural killer cells and a GRP78-binding motif that can target tumors that express surface GRP78. In this manner the cancer-targeting immunostimulatory peptides are anticipated to directly bind and activate effector NK92-MI cells while also recognizing and binding to target A549 tumor cells to facilitate NK cell-dependent immunocytotoxicity of the targeted tumors. The NKp30 binding peptide motifs are derived from the tumor associated B7H6 antigen that is often downregulated or shed from the surface of tumors …

Development Of An Lc-Esi-Ms/Ms Method For Determination Of A Novel Pyrrolomycin (Mp-1) And Application To Pre-Clinical Adme Studies, Wafaa N. Aldhafiri

Theses & Dissertations

A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantitation of a novel Pyrrolomycin (MP-1) in mouse plasma. MP-1 was extracted from plasma utilizing a structural analog (PL-3) as the internal standard (IS). Analyte separation was achieved using a Waters Acquity UPLC®BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 100 x 2.1 mm) protected with Acquity UPLC C18 guard column. Mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid in water (10%) and methanol (90%) at a total flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated at unit resolution in the multiple reaction …

Searching For New Analgesics Without Addiction Risks, Mohammad Atiqur Rahman

Theses and Dissertations

Opioids are widely used to treat acute and chronic pain. But opioid addiction to these compounds can cause social and life-threatening health problems, including the risk of overdose. In this thesis, I evaluated IBNtxA (3-iodobenzoyl naltrexamine), a novel mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist structurally related to the classical MOR antagonist naltrexone, in drug discrimination studies in order to better understand its subjective effects and more thoroughly its abuse liability. IBNtxA represents an intriguing lead compound for preclinical drug development specifically targeting MOR splice variants, potentially creating effective analgesics with reduced side effects. These results indicate that IBNtxA produces potent antinociception …

1-Chromonyl-5-Imidazolylpentadienone Demonstrates Anti-Cancer Action Against Tnbc And Exhibits Synergism With Paclitaxel, Karan Modi, Scott Lawson, Guanglin Chen, Deepthi Tumuluri, Inga Rekhtman, Michael Kurtz, G Cristina Brailoiu, Qiao-Hong Chen, Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Curcumin has been well studied for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer action. Its potential as a therapy is limited due to its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. To overcome these challenges, investigators are developing curcumin analogs, nanoparticle formulations, and combining curcumin with other compounds or dietary components. In the present study, we used a 1-chromonyl-5-imidazolylpentadienone named KY-20-22 that contains both the pharmacophore of curcumin and 1,4 benzopyrone (chromone) moiety typical for flavonoids, and also included specific moieties to enhance the bioavailability. When we tested the in vitro effect of KY-20-22 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, we found that …

Effect Of Cannabidiol And ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentration On Breast Cancer Cell Viability, Dorothy Achiaa Agyemang

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are phytocannabinoids that have a potential impact in cancer treatments. Studies have shown that certain cannabinoids cause cancer cells to die, but only with selective concentrations, which have not been well documented. The first study of this thesis was to determine the exact concentration of CBD and THC needed to kill human MCF-7 breast cancer cells rather than create mass multiplication leading to more growth of the cancer. To conduct this experiment, cell culture was performed with a MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The treatment groups were treated with CBD or THC at varying concentrations …

Dermaseptin-Based Antiviral Peptides To Prevent Covid-19 Through In Silico Molecular Docking Studies Against Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein, Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

A pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The search for new drugs, especially by utilizing antiviral peptides is a very potential area. Through this study, protein-peptide docking and protein-protein docking simulations were conducted using in silico methods to identify, evaluate, and explore the molecular affinity and interaction of dermaseptin peptide molecules produced by frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein macromolecule, and its effect on attachment to the surface of the ACE-2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2) receptor. …

Beyond Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms: Cyp3a5∗3 ∗6 ∗7 Composite And Abcb1 Haplotype Associations To Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics In Black And White Renal Transplant Recipients, Daniel A. Brazeau, Kristopher Attwood, Calvin J. Meaney, Gregory E. Wilding, Joseph D. Consiglio, Shirley S. Chang, Aijaz Gundroo, Rocco C. Venuto, Louise Cooper, Kathleen M. Tornatore

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Interpatient variability in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics is attributed to metabolism by cytochrome P-450 3A5 (CYP3A5) isoenzymes and membrane transport by P-glycoprotein. Interpatient pharmacokinetic variability has been associated with genotypic variants for both CYP3A5 or ABCB1. Tacrolimus pharmacokinetics was investigated in 65 stable Black and Caucasian post-renal transplant patients by assessing the effects of multiple alleles in both CYP3A5 and ABCB1. A metabolic composite based upon the CYP3A5 polymorphisms: ^∗3(rs776746), ^∗6(10264272), and ^∗7(41303343), each independently responsible for loss of protein expression was used to classify patients as extensive, intermediate and poor metabolizers. In addition, the …

Prospects For Rnai Therapy Of Covid-19, Hasan Uludağ, Kylie Parent, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Azita Haddadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a fast emerging disease with deadly consequences. The pulmonary system and lungs in particular are most prone to damage caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, which leaves a destructive footprint in the lung tissue, making it incapable of conducting its respiratory functions and resulting in severe acute respiratory disease and loss of life. There were no drug treatments or vaccines approved for SARS-CoV-2 at the onset of pandemic, necessitating an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics. To this end, the innate RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism can be employed to develop front line therapies against …

Phosphodiesterase Isoforms And Camp Compartments In The Development Of New Therapies For Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Martina Schmidt, Isabella Cattani-Cavalieri, Francisco J. Nuñez, Rennolds S. Ostrom

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The second messenger molecule 3′5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) imparts several beneficial effects in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While cAMP is bronchodilatory in asthma and COPD, it also displays anti-fibrotic properties that limit fibrosis. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) metabolize cAMP and thus regulate cAMP signaling. While some existing therapies inhibit PDEs, there are only broad family specific inhibitors. The understanding of cAMP signaling compartments, some centered around lipid rafts/caveolae, has led to interest in defining how specific PDE isoforms maintain these signaling microdomains. The possible altered expression of PDEs, and thus abnormal …

Oral Anticoagulants For Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation In Frail Elderly Patients: Insights From The Aristophanes Study, G. Y. H. Lip, A. V. Keshishian, A. L. Kang, A. D. Dhamane, X. Luo, X. Li, N. Balachander, L. Rosenblatt, J. Mardekian, X. Pan, M. Di Fusco, A. B. Garcia Reeves, Huseyin Yuce, S. Deitelzweig

Publications and Research

Background

Patient frailty amongst patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is associated with adverse health outcomes and increased risk of mortality. Additional evidence is needed to evaluate effective and safe NVAF treatment in this patient population.

Objectives

This subgroup analysis of the ARISTOPHANES study compared the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and major bleeding (MB) amongst frail NVAF patients prescribed nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or warfarin.

Methods

This comparative retrospective observational study of frail, older NVAF patients who initiated apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or warfarin from 01JAN2013‐30SEP2015 was conducted using Medicare and 3 US commercial claims databases. To compare …

Synthesizing Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles For Biofilm Inhibition, Antibiotic Encapsulation, And Specific Targeting Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Logan Schnorbus

Theses and Dissertations

Widespread usage of antibiotics is a growing concern due to antibiotic resistance development in bacteria. This is due to common use of antibiotics in agricultural, livestock, and clinical usage. Antibiotic resistance is developing at a rate in which it is outpacing new drugs on the market. New strategies in drug development are necessary to combat the increasing resistance. We designed several motifs of sugar-modified nanoparticles to inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that is responsible for common life-threatening infection in hospitals. This gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacterium infects hosts with compromised immune systems …

An In Silico Study Of Small Molecule Anti-Cancer Agents Targeting Dna G-Quadruplexes, Holli-Joi Sullivan

Theses and Dissertations

Free ligand binding molecular dynamic simulations are a powerful tool used to probe the ligand binding process, mechanism and pathway and the insight gained can help expedite the early stages of drug discovery. Using these methods, we model the binding of two small molecule anti-cancer agents BRACO19 and CX-5461 to a variety of DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) and a DNA Duplex. The first study focuses on the binding of BRACO19 to three different topological folds (parallel, anti-parallel and hybrid) of the human telomeric G4s. Our detailed analysis identified the most stable binding modes were end stacking and groove binding for the …

Role Of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase On Cardiovascular Functions In Physiological And Pathophysiological States, Ahmmed Ally, Isabella Powell, Minora M. Ally, Kevin Chaitoff, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This review describes and summarizes the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on the central nervous system, particularly on brain regions such as the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), and on blood vessels and the heart that are involved in the regulation and control of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Furthermore, we shall also review the functional aspects of nNOS during several physiological, pathophysiological, and clinical conditions such as exercise, pain, cerebral vascular accidents or stroke and hypertension. For example, during stroke, a cascade of molecular, neurochemical, and cellular changes occur that affect the nervous system …

Comparative Molecular Transporter Properties Of Cyclic Peptides Containing Tryptophan And Arginine Residues Formed Through Disulfide Cyclization, Eman H. M. Mohammed, Dindyal Mandal, Saghar Mozaffari, Magdy Abdel-Hamied Zahran, Amany Mostafa Osman, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

We have previously reported cyclic cell-penetrating peptides [WR]₅ and [WR]₄ as molecular transporters. To optimize further the utility of our developed peptides for targeted therapy in cancer cells using the redox condition, we designed a new generation of peptides and evaluated their cytotoxicity as well as uptake behavior against different cancer cell lines. Thus, cyclic [C(WR)_xC] and linear counterparts (C(WR)_xC), where x = 4–5, were synthesized using Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide synthesis, purified, and characterized. The compounds did not show any significant cytotoxicity (at 25 µM) against ovarian (SK-OV-3), leukemia (CCRF-CEM), gastric adenocarcinoma (CRL-1739), breast …