Other Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Preconception Phthalate Exposure And Women’S Reproductive Health: Pregnancy, Pregnancy Loss, And Underlying Mechanisms, Carrie J. Nobles, Et. Al.

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

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The Challenges Of Defining Hormesis In Epidemiological Studies: The Case Of Radiation Hormesis, Ivo Iavicoli, Luca Fontana, Davide Guarino, Martina Laudiero, Edward J. Calabrese

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

In the current radiation protection system, preventive measures and occupational exposure limits for controlling occupational exposure to ionizing radiation are based on the linear no-threshold extrapolation model. However, currently an increasing body of evidence indicates that this paradigm predicts very poorly biological responses in the low-dose exposure region. In addition, several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the presence of hormetic dose response curves correlated to ionizing radiation low exposure. In this regard, it is noteworthy that also the findings of different epidemiological studies, conducted in different categories of occupationally exposed workers (e.g., healthcare, nuclear industrial and aircrew workers), …

Simple Method For Cutoff Point Identification In Descriptive High-Throughput Biological Studies, Alexander Suvorov

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Background

Rapid development of high-throughput omics technologies generates an increasing interest in algorithms for cutoff point identification. Existing cutoff methods and tools identify cutoff points based on an association of continuous variables with another variable, such as phenotype, disease state, or treatment group. These approaches are not applicable for descriptive studies in which continuous variables are reported without known association with any biologically meaningful variables.

Results

The most common shape of the ranked distribution of continuous variables in high-throughput descriptive studies corresponds to a biphasic curve, where the first phase includes a big number of variables with values slowly growing …

Sperm Dna Methylation Mediates The Association Of Male Age On Reproductive Outcomes Among Couples Undergoing Infertility Treatment, Oladele A. Oluwayiose, Haotian Wu, Hachem Saddiki, Brian W. Whitcomb, Laura B. Balzer, Nicole Brandon, Alexander Suvorov, Rahil Tayyab, Cynthia K. Sites, Lisa Hill, Chelsea Marcho, J. Richard Pilsner

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Parental age at time of offspring conception is increasing in developed countries. Advanced male age is associated with decreased reproductive success and increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Mechanisms for these male age effects remain unclear, but changes in sperm DNA methylation over time is one potential explanation. We assessed genome-wide methylation of sperm DNA from 47 semen samples collected from male participants of couples seeking infertility treatment. We report that higher male age was associated with lower likelihood of fertilization and live birth, and poor embryo development (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our multivariable linear models showed male age was associated with alterations in sperm methylation at 1698 CpGs and 1146 regions (q < 0.05), which were associated with > 750 genes enriched in embryonic development, behavior and neurodevelopment …

Developmental Exposures To Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (Pfos) Impact Embryonic Nutrition, Pancreatic Morphology, And Adiposity In The Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Karilyn E. Sant, Kate Annunziato, Sarah Conlin, Gregory Teicher, Phoebe Chen, Olivia Venezia, Gerald B. Downes, Yeonhwa Park, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent environmental contaminant previously found in consumer surfactants and industrial fire-fighting foams. PFOS has been widely implicated in metabolic dysfunction across the lifespan, including diabetes and obesity. However, the contributions of the embryonic environment to metabolic disease remain uncharacterized. This study seeks to identify perturbations in embryonic metabolism, pancreas development, and adiposity due to developmental and subchronic PFOS exposures and their persistence into later larval and juvenile periods. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 16 or 32 μM PFOS developmentally (1–5 days post fertilization; dpf) or subchronically (1–15 dpf). Embryonic fatty acid and macronutrient concentrations and …

Space-Time Characterization Of Community Noise And Sound Sources In Accra, Ghana, Sierra N. Clark, Abosede S. Alli, Ricky Nathvani, Allison Hughes, Majid Ezzati, Michael Brauer, Mireille B. Toledano, Jill Baumgartner, James E. Bennett, James Nimo

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Urban noise pollution is an emerging public health concern in growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but the sound environment in SSA cities is understudied. We leveraged a large-scale measurement campaign to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of measured sound levels and sound sources in Accra, Ghana. We measured sound levels and recorded audio clips at 146 representative locations, involving 7-days (136 locations) and 1-year measurements between 2019 and 2020. We calculated metrics of noise levels and intermittency and analyzed audio recordings using a pre-trained neural network to identify sources. Commercial, business, and industrial areas and areas near major …

Chemical Exposures Affect Innate Immune Response To Sars-Cov-2, Olatunbosun Arowolo, Leonid Pobezinsky, Alexander Suvorov

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Severe outcomes of COVID-19 are associated with pathological response of the immune system to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging evidence suggests that an interaction may exist between COVID-19 pathogenesis and a broad range of xenobiotics, resulting in significant increases in death rates in highly exposed populations. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular basis of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and chemical exposures may open opportunities for better preventive and therapeutic interventions. We attempted to gain mechanistic knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and chemical exposures using an in silico approach, where we identified genes and molecular pathways affected by …

Addressing Decontaminated Respirators: Some Methods Appear To Damage Mask Integrity And Protective Function, Richard E. Peltier, Jiayuan Wang, Brian L. Hollenbeck, Jennifer Lanza, Ryan M. Furtado, Jay Cyr, Richard T. Ellison, Kimiyoshi J. Kobayashi

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Decontamination of N95 respirators is being used by clinicians in the face of a global shortage of these devices. Some treatments for decontamination, such as some vaporized hydrogen peroxide methods or ultraviolet methods, had no impact on respiratory performance, while other treatments resulted in substantial damage to masks.

Aging Induces Profound Changes In Sncrna In Rat Sperm And These Changes Are Modified By Perinatal Exposure To Environmental Flame Retardant, Alexander Suvorov, J. Richard Pilsner, Vladimir Naumov, Victoria Shtratnikova, Anna Zheludkevich, Evgeny Gerasimov, Maria Logachev, Oleg Sergeyev

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Advanced paternal age at fertilization is a risk factor for multiple disorders in offspring and may be linked to age-related epigenetic changes in the father’s sperm. An understanding of aging-related epigenetic changes in sperm and environmental factors that modify such changes is needed. Here, we characterize changes in sperm small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) between young pubertal and mature rats. We also analyze the modification of these changes by exposure to environmental xenobiotic 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). sncRNA libraries prepared from epididymal spermatozoa were sequenced and analyzed using DESeq 2. The distribution of small RNA fractions changed with age, with fractions mapping …

Hormesis And Ginseng: Ginseng Mixtures And Individual Constituents Commonly Display Hormesis Dose Responses, Especially For Neuroprotective Effects, Edward Calabrese Ph.D.

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

This paper demonstrates that ginseng mixtures and individual ginseng chemical constituents commonly induce hormetic dose responses in numerous biological models for endpoints of biomedical and clinical relevance, typically providing a mechanistic framework. The principal focus of ginseng hormesis-related research has been directed toward enhancing neuroprotection against conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, stroke damage, as well as enhancing spinal cord and peripheral neuronal damage repair and reducing pain. Ginseng was also shown to reduce symptoms of diabetes, prevent cardiovascular system damage, protect the kidney from toxicities due to immune suppressant drugs, and prevent corneal damage, amongst other examples. These …

Healthspan Enhancement By Olive Polyphenols In C. Elegans Wild Type And Parkinson’S Models, Gabriele Di Rosa, Givovanni Brunetti, Maria Scuto, Angela Trovato Salinaro, Edward Calabrese Ph.D., Roberto Crea, Christian Schmitz-Linneweber, Vittorio Calabrese, Nadine Saul

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent late-age onset neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1% of the population after the age of about 60 years old and 4% of those over 80 years old, causing motor impairments and cognitive dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates that Mediterranean diet (MD) exerts beneficial effects in maintaining health, especially during ageing and by the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, olive oil and its biophenolic constituents like hydroxytyrosol (HT) have received growing attention in the past years. Thus, in the current study we test the health-promoting effects of two hydroxytyrosol preparations, pure HT and Hidrox …

Hydrogen Sulfide And Carnosine: Modulation Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Kidney And Brain Axis, Vittorio Calabrese, Maria Scuto, Angela Trovato Salinao, Giuseppe Dionisio, Sergio Modafferi, Maria Laura Ontario, Valentina Greco, Sebastiano Sciuto, Claus Peter Schmitt, Edward Calabrese Ph.D., Verena Peters

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Emerging evidence indicates that the dysregulation of cellular redox homeostasis and chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney and brain disorders. In this light, endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) exert cytoprotective actions through the modulation of redox-dependent resilience pathways during oxidative stress and inflammation. Several recent studies have elucidated a functional crosstalk occurring between kidney and the brain. The pathophysiological link of this crosstalk is represented by oxidative stress and inflammatory processes which contribute to the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia during the natural history of chronic kidney …

Roadside Exposure And Inflammation Biomarkers Among A Cohort Of Traffic Police In Kathmandu, Nepal, Kabindra M. Shakya, Richard E. Peltier, Yimin Zhang, Basu D. Pandey

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Air pollution is a major environmental problem in the Kathmandu Valley. Specifically, roadside and traffic-related air pollution exposure levels were found at very high levels exceeding Nepal air quality standards for daily PM_2.5. In an exposure study involving traffic police officers, we collected 78 blood samples in a highly polluted spring season (16 February 2014–4 April 2014) and 63 blood samples in the less polluted summer season (20 July 2014–22 August 2014). Fourteen biomarkers, i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins (IL1-β, IL-2, IL-4, …

Metagenomic Profiling Of Microbial Pathogens In The Little Bighorn River, Montana, Steve Hamner, Bonnie L. Brown, Nur A. Hasan, Michael J. Franklin, John Doyle, Margaret J. Eggers, Rita R. Colwell, Timothy E. Ford

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

The Little Bighorn River is the primary source of water for water treatment plants serving the local Crow Agency population, and has special significance in the spiritual and ceremonial life of the Crow tribe. Unfortunately, the watershed suffers from impaired water quality, with high counts of fecal coliform bacteria routinely measured during run-off events. A metagenomic analysis was carried out to identify potential pathogens in the river water. The Oxford Nanopore MinION platform was used to sequence DNA in near real time to identify both uncultured and a coliform-enriched culture of microbes collected from a popular summer swimming area of …

Does The Root To Shoot Ratio Show A Hormetic Response To Stress? An Ecological And Environmental Perspective, Evgenios Agathokleous, Regina G. Belz, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Takayoshi Koike, Edward J. Calabrese

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Root/shoot (R/S) ratio is an important index for assessing plant health, and has received increased attention in the last decades as a sensitive indicator of plant stress induced by chemical or physical agents. The R/S ratio has been discussed in the context of ecological theory and its potential importance in ecological succession, where species follow different strategies for above-ground growth for light or below-ground competition for water and nutrients. We present evidence showing the R/S ratio follows a biphasic dose–response relationship under stress, typical of hormesis. The R/S ratio in response to stress has been widely compared among species and …

Associations Between Indoor Air Pollution And Acute Respiratory Infections Among Under-Five Children In Afghanistan: Do Ses And Sex Matter?, Juwel Rana, Jalal Uddin, Richard Peltier, Youssef Oulhote

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Background: Low-income families often depend on fuels such as wood, coal, and animal dung for cooking. Such solid fuels are highly polluting and are a primary source of indoor air pollutants (IAP). We examined the association between solid fuel use (SFU) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in Afghanistan and the extent to which this association varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on de-identified data from Afghanistan’s first standard Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2015. The sample consists of ever-married mothers with under-five children in the …

Associations Between Indoor Air Pollution And Acute Respiratory Infections Among Under-Five Children In Afghanistan: Do Ses And Sex Matter?, Juwel Rana, Jalal Uddin, Richard E. Peltier, Youssef Oulhote

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Background: Low-income families often depend on fuels such as wood, coal, and animal dung for cooking. Such solid fuels are highly polluting and are a primary source of indoor air pollutants (IAP). We examined the association between solid fuel use (SFU) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in Afghanistan and the extent to which this association varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on de-identified data from Afghanistan’s first standard Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2015. The sample consists of ever-married mothers with under-five children in the …

Curcumin, Hormesis And The Nervous System, Maria Concetta Scuto, Cesare Mancuso, Barbara Tomasello, Maria Laura Ontario, Andrea Cavallaro, Francesco Frasca, Luigi Maiolino, Angela Trovato Salinaro, Edward J. Calabrese, Vittorio Calabrese

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Curcumin is a polyphenol compound extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn (family Zingiberaceae) commonly used as a spice to color and flavor food. Several preclinical studies have suggested beneficial roles for curcumin as an adjuvant therapy in free radical-based diseases, mainly neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, curcumin belongs to the family of hormetins and the enhancement of the cell stress response, mainly the heme oxygenase-1 system, is actually considered the common denominator for this dual response. However, evidence-based medicine has clearly demonstrated the lack of any therapeutic effect of curcumin to contrast the onset or progression of neurodegeneration and related …

A Metagenomic Approach To Evaluating Surface Water Quality In Haiti, Monika A. Roy, Jean M. Arnaud, Paul M. Jasmin, Steve Hamner, Nur A. Hasan, Rita R. Colwell, Timothy E. Ford

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

The cholera epidemic that occurred in Haiti post-earthquake in 2010 has resulted in over 9000 deaths during the past eight years. Currently, morbidity and mortality rates for cholera have declined, but cholera cases still occur on a daily basis. One continuing issue is an inability to accurately predict and identify when cholera outbreaks might occur. To explore this surveillance gap, a metagenomic approach employing environmental samples was taken. In this study, surface water samples were collected at two time points from several sites near the original epicenter of the cholera outbreak in the Central Plateau of Haiti. These samples underwent …

Developmental Exposure To 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether Permanently Alters Blood-Liver Balance Of Lipids In Male Mice, Ahmed Khalil, Sebnem Eren Cevik, Stephanie Hung, Sridurgadevi Kolla, Monika Roy, Alexander Suvorov

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were used as flame-retardant additives starting 1965 and were recently withdrawn from commerce in North America and Europe. Approximately 1/5 of the total U.S. population were born when environmental concentrations of PBDE plateaued at their maximum. Accumulating evidence suggests that developmental exposures to PBDE may result in long-lasting programming of liver metabolism. In this study, CD-1 mice were exposed prenatally or neonatally to 1 mg/kg body weight of 2,2′ ,4,4′ -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), and changes in liver histology, transcriptome, and liver-blood balance of triglycerides were analyzed in 10 months old male offspring. In both exposure groups, …

Oxybenzone Alters Mammary Gland Morphology In Mice Exposed During Pregnancy And Lactation, Charlotte D. Laplante, Ruby Bansal, Karen A. Dunphy, D. Joseph Jerry, Laura N. Vandenberg

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals are generally thought to have permanent “organizational” effects when exposures occur during development but not adulthood. Yet, an increasing number of studies have shown that pregnant females are disrupted by endocrine-disrupting chemical exposures, with some effects that are permanent. Here, we examined the long-term effects of exposure to oxybenzone, an estrogenic chemical found in sunscreen and personal care products, on the morphology of the mammary gland in mice exposed during pregnancy and lactation. Female mice were exposed to vehicle or 30, 212, or 3000 µg oxybenzone/kg/d, from pregnancy day 0 until weaning. A nulliparous group, receiving …

Hormesis: Path And Progression To Significance, Edward J. Calabrese

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

This paper tells the story of how hormesis became recognized as a fundamental concept in biology, affecting toxicology, microbiology, medicine, public health, agriculture, and all areas related to enhancing biological performance. This paper assesses how hormesis enhances resilience to normal aging and protects against a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and other diseases, as well as trauma and other threats to health and well-being. This paper also explains the application of hormesis to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, macrophage polarization and its systematic adaptive protections, and the role of hormesis in enhancing stem cell functioning and …

Transcriptomic Analysis Of Gonadal Adispose Tissue In Male Mice Exposed Perinatally To 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (Bde-47), Aser Abrha, Alexander Suvorov

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

For the majority of lipophilic compounds, adipose tissue is traditionally considered as a storage depot and only rarely as a target organ. Meanwhile, abnormalities in adipose tissue physiology induced by chemical exposure may contribute to the current epidemic of obesity and metabolic diseases. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of lipophilic flame retardants found in the majority of human samples in North America. Their ability to alter the physiology of adipose tissue is unknown. We exposed pregnant mice to 0.2 mg/kg body weight/day of BDE-47 perinatally. Transcriptomic changes in gonadal adipose tissue were analyzed in male offspring using the …

Transcriptomic Analysis Of Gonadal Adipose Tissue In Male Mice Exposed Perinatally To 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (Bde-47), Aser Abrha, Alexander Suvorov

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

For the majority of lipophilic compounds, adipose tissue is traditionally considered as a storage depot and only rarely as a target organ. Meanwhile, abnormalities in adipose tissue physiology induced by chemical exposure may contribute to the current epidemic of obesity and metabolic diseases. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of lipophilic flame retardants found in the majority of human samples in North America. Their ability to alter the physiology of adipose tissue is unknown. We exposed pregnant mice to 0.2 mg/kg body weight/day of BDE-47 perinatally. Transcriptomic changes in gonadal adipose tissue were analyzed in male offspring using the …

Nanoparticle Exposure And Hormetic Dose–Responses: An Update, Ivo Iavicoli, Versucka Leso, Luca Fontana, Edward J. Calabrese

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

The concept of hormesis, as an adaptive response of biological systems to moderate environmental challenges, has raised considerable nano-toxicological interests in view of the rapid pace of production and application of even more innovative nanomaterials and the expected increasing likelihood of environmental and human exposure to low-dose concentrations. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an update of the current knowledge concerning the biphasic dose–responses induced by nanoparticle exposure. The evidence presented confirmed and extended our previous findings, showing that hormesis is a generalized adaptive response which may be further generalized to nanoscale xenobiotic challenges. Nanoparticle physico-chemical properties …

Community Engaged Cumulative Risk Assessment Of Exposure To Inorganic Well Water Contaminants, Crow Reservation, Montana, Margaret J. Eggers, John T. Doyle, Myra J. Lefthand, Sara L. Young, Anita L. Moore-Nall, Larry Kindness, Roberta Other Medicine, Timothy E. Ford, Eric Dietrich, Albert E. Parker, Joseph H. Hoover, Anne K. Camper

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

An estimated 11 million people in the US have home wells with unsafe levels of hazardous metals and nitrate. The national scope of the health risk from consuming this water has not been assessed as home wells are largely unregulated and data on well water treatment and consumption are lacking. Here, we assessed health risks from consumption of contaminated well water on the Crow Reservation by conducting a community-engaged, cumulative risk assessment. Well water testing, surveys and interviews were used to collect data on contaminant concentrations, water treatment methods, well water consumption, and well and septic system protection and maintenance …

A Glance Into How The Cold War And Governmental Loyalty Investigations Came To Affect A Leading U.S. Radiation Geneticist: Lewis J. Stadler’S Nightmare, Edward J. Calabrese

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

This paper describes an episode in the life of the prominent plant radiation geneticist, Lewis J. Stadler (1897–1954) during which he became a target of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) concerning loyalty to the United States due to possible associations with the communist party. The research is based on considerable private correspondence of Dr. Stadler, the FBI interrogatory questions and Dr. Stadler’s answers and letters of support for Dr. Stadler by leading scientists such as, Hermann J. Muller.

The Emergence Of The Dose–Response Concept In Biology And Medicine, Edward J. Calabrese

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and competed for acceptance and dominance. Particular attention is directed to the hormetic model for which a general description and evaluation is provided, including its historical basis, and how it was marginalized by the medical and pharmacology communities in the early decades of the 20th century.

Embryonic Exposures To Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (Pfos) Disrupt Pancreatic Organogenesis In The Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Karilyn E. Sant, Haydee M. Jacobs, Katrina A. Borofski, Jennifer B. Moss, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, previously 16 utilized as a non-stick application for consumer products and firefighting foam. It can cross the 17 placenta, and has been repeatedly associated with increased risk for diabetes in epidemiological 18 studies. Here, we sought to establish the hazard posed by embryonic PFOS exposures on the 19 developing pancreas in a model vertebrate embryo, and develop criteria for an adverse outcome 20 pathway (AOP) framework to study the developmental origins of metabolic dysfunction. 21 Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 16, 32, or 64 μM PFOS beginning at …

Trace Metal Exposure Is Associated With Increased Exhaled Nitric Oxide In Asthmatic Children, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt, Caitlin L. Maikawa, Amanda J. Wheeler, Scott Weichenthal, Nina A. Dobbin, Ling Liu, Mark S. Goldberg

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Background

Children with asthma experience increased susceptibility to airborne pollutants. Exposure to traffic and industrial activity have been positively associated with exacerbation of symptoms as well as emergency room visits and hospitalisations. The effect of trace metals contained in fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm and lower, PM2.5) on acute health effects amongst asthmatic children has not been well investigated. The objective of this panel study in asthmatic children was to determine the association between personal daily exposure to ambient trace metals and airway inflammation, as measured by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).

Methods

Daily concentrations of trace metals …