Optometry Commons^™

Quantitative Raman Analysis Of Human Blood Serum Of Glaucoma Patients Supplemented With Macular Pigment Carotenoids., Joy Udensi, Ekaterina Loskutova, James Loughman, Hugh J. Byrne

Datasets

Carotenoids have been widely studied for their high dietary, antioxidant, and vision protection roles in the human body. Blood contains all major dietary carotenoids and hence presents as a suitable and efficient substrate for the estimation of dietary carotenoids in vivo. Following the 18-month supplementation of open angle glaucoma patients with macula pigment carotenoids (Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Meso-Zeaxanthin) in the European Nutrition in Glaucoma Management (ENIGMA) trial, Raman spectroscopic analysis of the pre-supplementation baseline and 18-month supplemented blood serum carotenoids from participants was carried out, to investigate the systemic impact of supplementation in the blood and explore a more direct …

Trpv4 Affects Visual Signals In Photoreceptors And Rod Bipolar Cells, Ye Long, Maxim Kozhemyakin, Samuel M Wu, Ji-Jie Pang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical sensitive channels expressed in mammalian retinas are effectors of elevated pressure stresses, but it is unclear how their activation affects visual function in pressure-related retinal disorders.

METHODS: This study investigated the role of the transient potential channel vanilloid TRPV4 in photoreceptors and rod bipolar cells (RBCs) with immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, electroretinography (ERG), and patch-clamp techniques.

RESULTS: TRPV4 immunoreactivity (IR) was found in the outer segments of photoreceptors, dendrites and somas of PKCα-positive RBCs and other BCs, plexiform layers, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in wild-type mice. TRPV4-IR was largely diminished in the retinas of homozygous TRPV4 transgenic mice. …

Single Cell Analysis Of Short-Term Dry Eye Induced Changes In Cornea Immune Cell Populations, Jehan Alam, Ebru Yaman, Gerda Cristal Villalba Silva, Rui Chen, Cinita S De Paiva, Mary Ann Stepp, Stephen C Pflugfelder

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Dry eye causes corneal inflammation, epitheliopathy and sensorineural changes. This study evaluates the hypothesis that dry eye alters the percentages and transcriptional profiles of immune cell populations in the cornea.

METHODS: Desiccating stress (DS) induced dry eye was created by pharmacologic suppression of tear secretion and exposure to drafty low humidity environment. Expression profiling of corneal immune cells was performed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Cell differentiation trajectories and cell fate were modeled through RNA velocity analysis. Confocal microscopy was used to immunodetect corneal immune cells. Irritation response to topical neurostimulants was assessed.

RESULTS: Twelve corneal immune cell populations …

The Utility Of Software-Detected Non-Invasive Tear Break-Up In Comparison To Fluorescein Tear Break-Up Measurements, Stephen C Pflugfelder, Yasushi Kikukawa, Shin Tanaka, Takuya Kosugi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to characterize and discuss the difference between software-detected non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and the traditional clinical method of fluorescein break-up time (FBUT).

METHODS: Tear interferometry with the KOWA DR-1α (Kowa, Japan) and a standardized comprehensive ocular surface/tear evaluation were performed in 307 eyes. Software-detected NIBUT in the KOWA DR-1α images and the investigator-detected FBUT were compared.

RESULTS: Software-detected NIBUT was significantly shorter than investigator-measured FBUT. NIBUT was 3.1 ± 2.5 s (mean ± SD), whereas FBUT was 4.8 ± 3.0 s. This difference was due to three different patterns or conditions: a …

Raman Microspectroscopy For Detection Of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Using Minimally Invasive Brush Biopsy Samples, Isha Behl

Doctoral

Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The current gold standard for screening and diagnosis of oral premalignant and cancerous lesions is histopathological examination. Subjectivity is a major limitation of this technique, however. Other diagnostic methods exist, but they are not sensitive enough for early detection of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), as these methods are based on morphological changes, which can occur late in malignant transformation. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, can provide molecular level information of the biological sample, through unique vibrational fingerprints of molecules. This is advantageous over the gold standard method, as molecular …