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News & Events

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Exciting Times In South-Asian Midwifery, Rafat Jan, Edwin Van Teijlingen

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Evaluating A Community Maternal Health Programme: Lessons Learnt, Sheetal Sharma, Padam Simkhada, Vanora Hundley, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Jane Stephens, Ram Chandra Silwal, Catherine Angell

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Using the example of a community-based health promotion intervention, this paper explores the important triangle between health promotion theory, intervention design, and evaluation research. This paper first outlines the intervention and then the mixed-method evaluation.

In 2007, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) designed and implemented an intervention to improve the uptake of maternal health provision in rural Nepal. A community-based needs assessment preceded this novel health-promotion intervention that empowered women with information on the benefits of seeking care. The intervention had a flexible design and, at several points, the intervention’s progress was assessed and, where necessary, changes were made. The intervention …

Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Of Mid-Level Providers Regarding Post Abortion Care In Sindh, Pakistan, Marina Baig, Rafat Jan, Arusa Lakhani, Sadia Abbas Ali, Kiran Mubeen, Shahnaz Shahid Ali, Farzana Adnan

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: In Pakistan, half of all pregnancies are unintended (4.2 million per year); out of which 2.2 million end in induced abortions. Almost 700,000 women seek medical treatment for post abortion complications every year. This necessitates access to quality Post-Abortion Care (PAC) services from skilled providers in Pakistan.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of Mid-Level Providers (MLPs) regarding PAC services in Sindh, Pakistan.
Method: The study utilized a cross-sectional design. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 116 MLPs, including Nurse Midwives (NM), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs), and Community Midwives (CMWs) from different parts …

Birth Experiences Of Primiparous Turkish Women: Public And Private Hospitals, Filiz Okumus

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Introduction: We wished to better understand primiparous women’s childbirth experiences in private and public hospitals. Within the context of high caesarean section rates, in both private and public hospitals in Turkey, the experiences of women who delivered vaginally needs to be considered if we aim to decrease the number of caesarean births. We, therefore, conducted a descriptive study of women’s vaginal birth experiences in two hospitals in Istanbul.
Methods: Two hundred and forty primiparous women, from two hospitals (one public, one private), who had vaginal births, were included in this descriptive study. Information was obtained from medical records and through …

The Historical Development Of The Midwifery Profession In Bangladesh, Malin Bogren, Farida Begum, Kerstin Erlandsson

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Sexual and reproductive health and rights have been identified as the core areas of practice, theory and research for the midwifery profession. The midwifery profession, as defined by the International Confederation of Midwives Global Standards, is new in Bangladesh. This paper aims to give an overview of the historical process that has taken place in the past decades to develop the midwifery profession in Bangladesh. The professional development of midwives is the result of many years of collaboration and relationship building among stakeholders such as the government, non-government organizations, academia, professional associations, United Nations agencies, and donors. All are working …

Development Of Mentorship Module And Its Feasibility For Community Midwives In Sindh, Pakistan: A Pilot Study, Amber Hussain Sayani, Rafat Jan, Susan Lennox, Yasmeen Jan Mohammad

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Numerous articles describe the concept of mentorship for providing professional support in midwifery settings in different countries; however, in Pakistan the concept is under developed. Before implementing the concept in the Pakistani context, it was important to first develop a mentorship module and pilot test the idea. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop and test a mentorship module to determine its feasibility for educating community midwives about providing mentoring, so that a formal mentorship program could be established in the future. The training aimed to provide skill focused mentorship training to experienced midwives, so that they …

Palliative Care: An Alien Concept In Pakistan, Nadia Pyarali Mulji, Sumaira Sachwani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Every living being has to die. Respecting a dying individual’s personal values and preferences is a challenge. We live in a culture where family decisions are given priority over individual’s wish. To address this challenge, a concept of palliative or comfort care is newly introduced in Pakistan. Palliative care is a multidisciplinary specialty that emphases on prevention and relieving suffering as well as supporting the optimal quality of life of patients and their families (Bailey, Harman, Bruera, Arnold, & Savarese,2014). In Pakistan, the concept of palliative care is like a newborn baby who needs a lot of ethical attention in …

Practices Of Faculty Members Regarding Teaching And Learning Strategies In Nursing Education, Shams Ul Huda, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Kashmira Nanji, Shanaz Hussein Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objective: To determine the different teaching learning strategies utilized, percentage of faculty members utilizing these teaching strategies and faculty perceptions regarding effectiveness of these in undergraduate nursing degree programs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.
Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive design was used to conduct this study. The sample size was 42. The faculty members were recruited from different nursing institutes offering degree programs in KPK, Pakistan. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS & STAT.
Results:Discussion, lecture, group discussion, and PPT were used by 78.6%, 73.8%, 73.8%, and 69% of the faculty members, respectively. However, other learning strategies like debate, PBL, …

Quality Of Life And Its Determinants In Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment In Pakistan., Parveen Chagani, Yasmin Parpio, Raisa B. Gul, Adnan Jabbar

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objective:

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Likewise, in Pakistan, it is a major health problem, with an approximate increase each year. Cancer treatment, particularly chemotherapy, produces a detrimental effect on individuals' well-being. Since the past few years, quality of life (QOL) is considered as the primary goal of cancer treatment in patients' survival. This study aimed to assess the QOL and its determinants in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment.

Methods:

An analytical cross-sectional design was employed to achieve the study objectives, utilizing consecutive sampling technique. A total of 150 adult (>19 years) cancer patients were …

Nurse Teachers’ Conceptions And Practices Of Written Feedback In Karachi., Sobia Idrees, Raisa B. Gul, Ambreen Tharani, Syeda Kauser Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background:

Written Feedback (WFB) plays a significant role in student’s learning in terms of improvement of their academic writing skills. However, the quality of WFB may be affected by various personal and contextual factors. This study aimed to identify nurse teachers’ conceptions and practices of WFB on written assignments in nursing degree offering institutions in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to answer the study questions. The study was conducted at 11 nursing schools in Karachi by recruiting those teachers who were teaching in nursing degree programs. The sample size of the study consists of 80 …

Infection Control In Labor And Delivery Room, Learning From The Small Hospital Based Project, Savera Aziz Ali, Sumera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: It has been estimated that around 36% of the neonatal deaths occur due to infection in the lower and middle income countries. Infection control is a more substantial area of concern, particularly in Labor and delivery room. Multiple factors can cause infection in the labor room, therefore it is important to assess various factors of maternal and neonatal infection. Hence we explored multiple factors through this project and developed the action plan to address those factors effectively.
Methods: During our Leadership and Management course, we conducted a project in Labor room pertaining to a prevalent issue. The whole process …

Creating Enabling Environment For Student Engagement: Faculty Practices Of Critical Thinking, Shanaz Hussein Cassum, Raisa B. Gul

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Critical thinking (CT) is considered an important attribute in practice disciplines and faculty members in nursing, medicine, and education are expected to facilitate the development of CT in their graduates so that these individuals can be critical, reflective, competent, and caring professionals and service providers (Distler, 2007; Shiau & Chen, 2008; Worell & Profetto-McGrath, 2007). When students are actively engaged in their learning, and classrooms have an enabling environment, critical thinking is promoted. Teachers must reflect upon their teaching pedagogy when students do not participate in stimulating discussions, or asks questions in class. Research suggests that lack of understanding of …

Attitude Towards Gender Roles And Violence Against Women And Girls (Vawg): Baseline Findings From An Rct Of 1752 Youths In Pakistan, Tazeen S. Ali, Rozina Karmaliani, Judith Mcfarlane, Hussain M. A. Khuwaja, Yasmeen Somani, Esnat D. Chirwa, Rachel Jewkes

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Violence against women is driven by gender norms that normalize and justify gender inequality and violence. Gender norms are substantially shaped during adolescence. Programs offered through schools offer an opportunity to influence gender attitudes toward gender equity if we understand these to be partly shaped by peers and the school environment.
Objective: We present an analysis of the baseline research conducted for a randomized controlled trial with 1752 grade 6 boys and girls and their attitudes toward gender roles, VAWG, and associated factors.
Methods: We used baseline data from a cluster randomised control study. Interviews were …

Cultural Practices Of Rearing Preterm Infants: A Qualitative Study In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Salima Sulaiman Gulamani, Ambreen Tharani, Sharifa Bashir Lalani, Kiran Shaikh

School of Nursing & Midwifery

The research work explores the cultural practices of feeding and hygiene of preterm infants in the Pakistani context. A Qualitative descriptive-exploratory design has been used. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit 17 mothers, who met inclusion criteria from a largest government tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The semi-structured interview was used to collect the data, which lasted for approximately 45-60 minutes. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the key findings of the study. Welcoming newborn with 'honey' and herbal remedies were reported as a common ritual among mothers. Findings revealed differences in the time period of initial bath given …

Association Of Awareness About Hepatitis C Infection With Patterns Of Health Seeking Behavior Among Hepatitis C Patients In Karachi, Pakistan, Shahina S. Pirani, Saleema Allana, Tazeen S. Ali, Faisal Wasim Ismail

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Hepatitis C infection is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In Pakistan, hepatitis C infection rate is 4.8%, which is the second highest prevalence rate among all developing countries. This study aimed to identify the association between awareness about hepatitis C infection and pattern of health seeking behavior among patients living with hepatitis C in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 hepatitis C patients who were recruited from the Aga Khan University Hospital and the Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan between March and May 2013. Data were …

Exploring The Impact Of Gender Inequities On The Promotion Of Cardiovascular Health Of Women In Pakistan, Rubina Barolia, Alexander M. Clark, Gina M. Higginbottom

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Cardiovascular disease exerts an enormous burden on women's health. The intake of a healthy diet may reduce this burden. However, social norms and economic constraints are often factors that restrain women from paying attention to their diet. Underpinned by critical realism, this study explores how gender/sex influences decision-making regarding food consumption among women of low socioeconomic status (SES). The study was carried out at two cardiac facilities in Karachi, Pakistan, on 24 participants (male and female from different ethnic backgrounds), who had received health education. Using an interpretive descriptive approach, the study identified major barriers to a healthy diet: proscribed …

The Uptake Of Skilled Birth Attendants’ Services In Rural Nepal: A Qualitative Study, Yuba Raj Baral, Jo Skinner, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Karen Lyons

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Aim and objective: The general aim of this research was to explore why women do or do not want to uptake Skilled Birth Attendants’ (SBAs) services during childbirth. The objective was to explore the factors affecting the uptake of SBAs’ services during childbirth in rural Nepal.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Setting: The fieldwork was conducted in a rural area, in a western hill district of Nepal.
Participants: Interviews were conducted with 24 married women aged 18-49, who had given birth during the three years prior to the time of interview. Sixteen women …

Does Empowerment Matter? Perceptions Of Nursing Leaders In Pakistan Through Qualitative Approach, Saleema A. Gulzar, Rozina Karmaliani Professor, Kausar S. Khan Ms, Rubina Barolia, Shirin Rahim, Aneeta Pasha

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: In a patriarchal society like Pakistan, where women are oppressed, women dominating professions like nursing is mostly seen as disempowered and requires considerable struggle to achieve its due recognition and respect.
Aim: This study aims to explore the experiences of empowerment among the nursing leaders of Pakistan. Methods: This study uses a qualitative descriptive design. Total of twelve Pakistani Nursing leaders were interviewed using semi-structured interview guideline to explore their experiences of empowerment.
Results: The study findings revealed five major categories which include: status of a nurse, nursing profession, power relationships, value-belief system, and leadership and management.
Conclusions: Nurses’ …

Shining A Light On Nursing Art In Pakistan, Shirin Rahim, Rafat Jan Ruknuddin, Kathryn L. Gramling

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Nursing is considered both science and art. Artful nursing has been essential for holistic nursing practice since the time of Nightingale, but it is getting neglected and has been lately limited to nursing literature (Gramling, 2004). This qualitative study seeks to gain an understanding of the perceptions of active nurses in Pakistan about nursing art and yields four major themes: artful nursing is embedded in humane responsiveness, artful nursing has healing power, artful nursing is a satisfying experience, and artful nursing is invisible in nursing practice. Study participants valued nursing art, and their perceptions illuminate Watson's Theory of Human Caring …

News & Events

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Strengthening The Knowledge And Skills Of Community Midwives In Pakistan Through Clinical Practice Internships, Arusa Lakhani, Rafat Jan, Kiran Mubeen, Sadia Karimi, Shahnaz Shahid, Rozina Sewani, Marina Baig, Farzana Adnan

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Objective: On the-job training of Community Midwives (CMWs) is of critical importance in enabling midwives to provide services that meet standards of quality care. The objective of this study was to assess the intervention of an internship for CMWs that would increase their ability to provide quality maternal, newborn, and child health services.
Method: A pre and post-intervention design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of an internship of 32 working days. Validated questionnaire was used to assess the CMWs’ knowledge and skills before and after the intervention. Overall, 252 CMWs from 14 districts of the Sindh and …

‘Competent, But Not Allowed To Blossom’: Midwifery-Trained Registered Nurses’ Perceptions Of Their Service: A Qualitative Study In Sri Lanka, Sunethra Jayathilake, Vathsala Jayasuriya-Illesinghe, Rasika Perera, Himani Molligoda, Kerstin Samarasinghe

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Objective: To explore midwifery-trained registered nurses’ perceptions of their own profession as maternity care providers and how they identify their role, tasks, and responsibilities within a multi-professional team.
Design: An exploratory qualitative study using focus group discussions and qualitative content analysis.
Setting: Three selected tertiary care hospitals in the Capital Province in Sri Lanka.
Participants: Twenty-two midwifery-trained RNs working in intra-partum and postpartum units.
Findings: The overriding theme of the analysis was identified as ‘competent but not allowed to blossom fully in their practice’, based on two main categories: ‘provision of competent care’ and ‘working with disappointments’. Each main …

Effectiveness Of Video-Assisted Teaching On No-Scalpel Vasectomy On Knowledge And Attitude Of Married Men In Rural Nagaland, India, Arhoni Tungoe

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

This study assessed whether video-assisted teaching increased the knowledge of,and resulted in a more favourable attitude among married men regarding No-Scalpel Vasectomy (NSV) in a selected village of 17,000 people,bordering Assam, in Nagaland, India. The study used a one group,before-and-after design. The participants were 30 married men who were selected through purposive sampling. Pre-tested and validated tools to assess knowledge and attitudes were used for data collection. The mean post-test scores, on both the knowledge and attitude scales,showed a significant increase from pretest scores (knowledge pre-test mean 11.53±3.41; post-test 21.23±2.18;attitude pre-test mean 20.87±2.64, post-test35.2±1.66).Thus we conclude that the video-assisted teaching …

Adolescent Pregnancies: The Case Of Pakistan, Kiran Mubeen, Marina Baig

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Early motherhood not only causes poor health outcomes, but often also deprives adolescent girls of educational, social, and economic development opportunities for the rest of their lives. Evidence suggests that although the burden of adolescent pregnancies is less in Pakistan than in Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal, the pregnancy outcomes continue to be devastating in this country. This paper discusses the social barriers in addressing this issue in Pakistan and proposes recommendations for targeted interventions to reduce the high birth rate amongst adolescents in the country. The role of midwives asfrontlinegatekeepers can be pivotal for prevention ofteenagedpregnancies in Pakistan. Unfortunately, the …

Looking Forward To More And Better Midwifery In Asia In 2017, Rafat Jan, Edwin Van Teijlingen

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

“Let’S Work: Involving Nursing Students In The Care Of Elderly People At Nursing Home”, Mehtab Qutbuddin Jaffer, Shanaz Hussein Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Working in nursing homes is the most challenging task for a nursing staff, but at the same time it can be a spirit jarring experience for young nursing students. From the perspective of nursing students, often students find it difficult to deal with elderly people living in the nursing home. They feel stressed, depressed, and insecure when asked to communicate with elderly people. At the Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM), baccalaureate nursing students chose an elective course on care of elderly clients, where theory is offered in a blended form and clinical experience is provided by …

Important Steps To Maintain The Privacy Of Patients In The Hospital, Savera Aziz Ali, Minaz Mawani, Gulshan Bano, Sumera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Women are considered as vulnerable groups in our society in spite of their defined women rights by various laws. This shows that unfortunately these laws are not implemented practically in the real life. Society is shaped by the individuals and everyone should be responsible for advocating their own rights as well as the right of others especially of the vulnerable groups within the population.

Analysis Of The Health Care System Of Pakistan: Lessons Learnt And Way Forward., Zohra Kurji, Zahra Shaheen Premani, Yasmin Mithani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

BACKGROUND:

Pakistani health care system is in progress and since last year, Pakistan has tried to make much improvement in its health care delivery system and has brought out many reforms.

METHODS:

A systematic search of national and international literature was looked from peerreviewed databases form MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed.

RESULTS:

There is little strength in health care delivery system in Pakistan like making health policies, participating in Millennium Development Goals program, initiating vertical programs and introducing Public Private Partnership, improving human resource development and infrastructure by making Basic Health Unit and Rural Health Centres. However, these all programs are …

Important Strategies For Effective Family Planning Counseling, Savera Aziz Ali, Minaz Mawani, Gulshan Bano, Sumera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

No abstract provided.