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Articles 1 - 30 of 67
Full-Text Articles in Psychiatric and Mental Health
Social Supports For Adolescent And Young Adult Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Scoping Review, Caitlin E. Mungall
Social Supports For Adolescent And Young Adult Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Scoping Review, Caitlin E. Mungall
Western Libraries Undergraduate Research Awards (WLURAs)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic disorder with negative health consequences for millions of women. The paucity of research regarding interventions targeting the psychosocial symptoms of PCOS for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), susceptible to low self-esteem and depression, warranted this review. This paper provides an overview of research on the social supports currently available for AYAs and identifies areas where further research is required to elucidate their support needs. A scoping review methodology identified 15 studies that met inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that this is an emerging field of research and most included studies originated in North America. …
Disordered Eating Behaviours In Adolescents With And Without A Formal Ed Diagnosis: Comparing Individual And Contextual Factors, Eve G. Chapnik
Disordered Eating Behaviours In Adolescents With And Without A Formal Ed Diagnosis: Comparing Individual And Contextual Factors, Eve G. Chapnik
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This study explored various psychosocial factors associated with disordered eating in adolescents accessing mental health services across Ontario, Canada. Data were collected using the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health (ChYMH) assessment tool and participants were categorized into three groups: individuals with diagnosed eating disorders (ED, n=207), disordered eating without a formal ED diagnosis (sub-ED, n=888), and other treatment-seeking youth (non-ED, n=3285). The ED and sub-ED groups did not differ in many ways, presenting with a similarly greater prevalence of mental health issues, and dysfunctional family and peer relationships, in comparison to non-ED youth. However, the ED …
Antidepressants Versus Placebo For Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Katarina Kopcalic
Antidepressants Versus Placebo For Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Katarina Kopcalic
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Objectives: To assess the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants compared to placebo among adults with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: Five electronic databases and 2 trial registries were searched to identify studies for inclusion. The risk of bias version 1 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan web. Results were presented using forest plots. Results: 38 studies (12,570 participants) were included. Very low-quality evidence showed a benefit for antidepressants over placebo in the rate of treatment response (RR, 1.39: 95% CI: 1.27, 1.52) and no differences in …
Telehealth Experiences In Canadian Veterans: Associations, Strengths And Barriers To Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic., Deanna L Walker, M S Nouri, R A Plouffe, J J W Liu, T Le, C A Forchuk, D Gargala, K St Cyr, A Nazarov, Don Richardson
Telehealth Experiences In Canadian Veterans: Associations, Strengths And Barriers To Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic., Deanna L Walker, M S Nouri, R A Plouffe, J J W Liu, T Le, C A Forchuk, D Gargala, K St Cyr, A Nazarov, Don Richardson
MacDonald Franklin OSI Research Centre
INTRODUCTION: Identifying barriers to care in veteran populations is critical, as veterans face increased social isolation, relationship strains and financial insecurities. For Canadian veterans experiencing barriers to accessing healthcare, telehealth may be a promising alternative with comparable effectiveness to in-person services; however, the potential benefits and limitations of telehealth require further examination to determine its long-term utility, and to inform health policy and planning. The goal of the present research was to identify predictors and barriers to telehealth usage in Canadian veterans in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: Data were drawn from baseline data of a longitudinal survey …
Regulatory Implications Of Inadequately Designed Pimavanserin Drug Trials Published With Risk Of Bias On Expedited Regulatory Approval Processes, Benson Law
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The objective of this retrospective critical appraisal study was to determine if the trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for the expedited approval of pimavanserin was of sufficient methodological quality to ascertain its safety and efficacy. After the general metrics of the trials were assessed, the Risk of Bias 2 tool and the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary tool were employed to evaluate the risk of bias and the design suitability of the trials. This study suggests that the decision to approve pimavanserin for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis failed to meet the threshold of evidence normally …
How We Debrief: An Interpretive Description Of Social Service Community Workers' Experiences, Andrea C. Krywucky
How We Debrief: An Interpretive Description Of Social Service Community Workers' Experiences, Andrea C. Krywucky
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The aim of this research was to understand current practices of debriefing being used or not used in community social service organizations and the presumed frameworks or evidence justifying these practices in London, Ontario. The geographical area under concern has seen an increasing poverty gap, lack of affordable housing, toxic drug crisis, with mental health issues being exasperated by the pandemic. Social service agencies are overwhelmed with caseloads, creating an increase in need of care for frontline workers, as they are the first point of contact for many. This research utilized an interpretive description methodology to explore workers’ experiences and …
Data-Driven Neuroanatomical Subtypes In Various Stages Of Schizophrenia: Linking Cortical Thickness, Glutamate, And Language Functioning, Liangbing Liang
Data-Driven Neuroanatomical Subtypes In Various Stages Of Schizophrenia: Linking Cortical Thickness, Glutamate, And Language Functioning, Liangbing Liang
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The considerable variation in the spatial distribution of cortical thickness changes has been used to parse heterogeneity in schizophrenia. We aimed to recover a ‘cortical impoverishment’ subgroup with widespread cortical thinning. We applied hierarchical cluster analysis to cortical thickness data of three datasets in different stages of psychosis and studied the cognitive, functional, neurochemical, language and symptom profiles of the observed subgroups. Our consensus-based clustering procedure consistently produced a subgroup characterized by significantly lower cortical thickness. This ‘cortical impoverishment’ subgroup was associated with a higher symptom burden in a clinically stable sample and higher glutamate levels with language impairments in …
Predictors And Outcomes Of Patient Stigma Perception Appraisal: Developing And Testing Of A Dynamic Stigma Model Of Mental Illness, Sebastian Kwadwo Gyamfi
Predictors And Outcomes Of Patient Stigma Perception Appraisal: Developing And Testing Of A Dynamic Stigma Model Of Mental Illness, Sebastian Kwadwo Gyamfi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Background
The psychosocial perspectives of stigma have been explored over the years. However, research that encompasses the study of stigma as a socio-cultural, religious, and moral phenomenon is lacking. This study aimed to develop and test a Dynamic Stigma Model of Mental illness (DYSMO) among a cohort of Outpatients receiving care in Ghana.
Methods
The study examined hypothesized relationships within a newly developed stigma model using structural equation modeling techniques. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 330 participants at the Out-Patient Department of two psychiatric hospitals in Southern Ghana.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis produced a final model …
Role Of The Default-Mode Network During Narrative Integration In Major Depressive Disorder, Darren Ri-Sheng Liang
Role Of The Default-Mode Network During Narrative Integration In Major Depressive Disorder, Darren Ri-Sheng Liang
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
How brain activity is synchronized across individuals during narrative comprehension has previously been characterized by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy and patient populations. To our knowledge, there has been limited investigation as to how it is affected by major depressive disorder (MDD). We addressed this issue with fMRI through examination of inter-subject synchronization in the default mode network (DMN), brain structures which have previously been implicated in MDD pathology. Twenty-two patients with MDD and 20 matched control participants listened to Intact versus Scrambled versions of an auditory narrative; these experimental conditions differed in the degree of temporal integration …
Sex Differences In The Clinical Presentation Of Early Psychosis In A Primary Care Setting, Brooke Carter
Sex Differences In The Clinical Presentation Of Early Psychosis In A Primary Care Setting, Brooke Carter
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Psychotic disorders can be variable in clinical presentation, and there may be differences by sex. The objective of this thesis was to explore sex differences in the clinical presentation of early psychosis in the context of primary care. Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that men experienced more negative symptoms and had a higher prevalence of substance use issues, whereas women experienced more depressive symptoms and had higher functioning. Our electronic medical record analysis from primary care found that positive symptoms and substance use were less prevalent in the medical records of women. We also found that visits by women …
Evaluating The Impact Of A Safe Exercise Training Workshop On Knowledge And Self-Efficacy To Manage Dysfunctional Exercise Among Eating Disorders Clinicians At Alsana Eating Disorders Center, Danika A. Quesnel
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Engaging in dysfunctional exercise (DEX) is detrimental to eating disorders (EDs) prognosis, although common amongst clients. Though nutritionally supported exercise can improve ED treatment outcomes, without negatively impacting weight restoration, clinicians remain hesitant to address DEX, perhaps due to a lack of information and training. The current study examined the effects of a Safe Exercise at Every Stage (SEES) training on clinician knowledge and self-efficacy in managing DEX in ED treatment. Eating disorders clinicians completed measures before (n = 96) and after (n = 44) SEES training to assess their knowledge and self-efficacy around treating DEX, with a …
Emerging Adult Perspectives On Marijuana Usage And Social Isolation During Covid-19, Avery Kiana Wong
Emerging Adult Perspectives On Marijuana Usage And Social Isolation During Covid-19, Avery Kiana Wong
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Individuals struggling with emotional distress are twice as likely to use marijuana routinely. Young adults, ages 18 to 24, continue to be at increased risk for accidents, injuries, and poor cognitive functioning when using cannabis regularly, compared to those 24 and older. In addition, studies have shown that increased social isolation further increases the risk of marijuana use in young adults. Previous literature also demonstrated that marijuana is currently being used as a method of treatment for emotional distress. Much of the research conducted to date has focused on the collection of checklist data that has looked at the presence …
The Functional And Structural Consequences Of Aberrant Microglial Activity In Major Depressive Disorder, Jasmine D. Cakmak
The Functional And Structural Consequences Of Aberrant Microglial Activity In Major Depressive Disorder, Jasmine D. Cakmak
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly debilitating neuropsychiatric illness which has been linked with increases in both peripheral and central inflammation, as well as with changes in connectivity. Although countless studies have investigated these two topics, the relationship between neuroinflammation and functional/structural connectivity has not been explored. Using [18F]FEPPA PET imaging, we measured translocator protein-related (TSPO) microglial activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and insula and confirmed significantly increased [18F]FEPPA uptake in depressed patients (N=12) compared to healthy controls (N=23). Using a seed-based ROI analysis of fMRI data, we found that patients show …
Investigating Gene-Environment Interaction In A Double-Hit Model For Autism Spectrum Disorder, Melvin Maroon
Investigating Gene-Environment Interaction In A Double-Hit Model For Autism Spectrum Disorder, Melvin Maroon
Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference
With the exponential advancements seen in the field of sequencing technology, the science community has come to identify hundreds of potential genetic risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite our knowledge that such risk factors exist, we have yet to understand their specific influences on the behavioral profile of an individual. In addition, maternal infection during pregnancy can have longstanding detrimental outcomes on a child’s development. This is especially impactful with the present threat of viral infection during the pandemic. Our study aims to understand the influence of a specific genetic and environmental factor on a preclinical rodent model’s behavioral development. …
The Parallel Pandemic: A Systematic Review On The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Eating Disorders And Ocd In Children And Adolescents, Nasong A. Luginaah
The Parallel Pandemic: A Systematic Review On The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Eating Disorders And Ocd In Children And Adolescents, Nasong A. Luginaah
Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference
In January 2021, Covid-19 had already been diagnosed in over 100 million individuals1. Due to the high degree of infectivity, many countries all over the globe attempted to counter the virus by instituting nation-wide lockdowns. The effects of the lockdowns resulting from the Covid-19 Pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents have drawn a lot of public health attention with many calling for an increased in the understanding of the potential effects the youth of today may have to endure. Two specific mental health illnesses have seemingly worsened are OCD and eating disorders.
Depression & Anxiety In Brain Vs. Body Trauma Patients, Olivia Mercier
Depression & Anxiety In Brain Vs. Body Trauma Patients, Olivia Mercier
Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference
No abstract provided.
The Problem Of Operational Stress Injuries In An Ontario Fire & Rescue Organization, Megan Edgelow
The Problem Of Operational Stress Injuries In An Ontario Fire & Rescue Organization, Megan Edgelow
The Dissertation-in-Practice at Western University
The purpose of this Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) is to assist public safety leaders in understanding the human and financial costs of operational stress injuries (OSIs) and possible solutions to this issue. OSIs, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are a growing problem for public safety organizations, requiring new and innovative solutions. This OIP is applied to a fire and rescue organization in a small urban centre in Ontario that faces similar OSI challenges to many other public safety organizations. The Problem of Practice (PoP) is a lack of implementation of effective practices to mitigate the impact of OSIs. The foundation …
Incidence Of Cancer And Stage At Diagnosis Among People With Recent-Onset Psychotic Disorders, Jared C. Wootten
Incidence Of Cancer And Stage At Diagnosis Among People With Recent-Onset Psychotic Disorders, Jared C. Wootten
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Evidence on cancer incidence in people with psychotic disorders, compared to the general population, is equivocal, although those with psychotic disorders so have more advanced stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis. The objective of this thesis was to compare cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis for people with psychotic disorders, relative to the general population. Our systematic review did not observe a significant difference in overall cancer incidence among people diagnosed with psychotic disorders (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.16), however people with psychotic disorders were more likely to be present with advanced stage cancer at …
Childhood-Onset Epilepsy And Long-Term Child And Maternal Well-Being, Klajdi Puka
Childhood-Onset Epilepsy And Long-Term Child And Maternal Well-Being, Klajdi Puka
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The long-term prognosis of pediatric epilepsy is favorable with respect to seizures, whereby 66% to 80% of children attain seizure control. However, psychiatric and psychosocial problems among children with epilepsy (CWE) and their parents are common, and little is known about their long-term outcomes. The objectives of this dissertation were to: 1) validate a parent-reported measure of young adult’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL), to allow for a consistent informant to report on CWE’s HRQOL from childhood into young adulthood; 2) delineate the long-term course of CWE’s HRQOL and identify the clinical, parent, and family characteristics associated with the trajectory …
Long-Term Patterns Of Acute Mental Health Service Use After A First Episode Of Psychosis: Examining Ongoing Psychiatric Care Beyond The Critical Period, Eugene Law
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The long-term patterns of acute mental health service use after treatment in an early psychosis intervention (EPI) program are not well known. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the long-term patterns of acute mental health service use. We used health administrative data to examine the patterns and risk factors associated with acute mental health service use over the of 5- to 10-year period post-EPI admission. Between years 5 to 10 post-EPI admission, approximately one quarter of people contacted acute mental health services. Factors associated with acute mental health service use during this period included younger age at admission, …
The Experiences Of Iraqi Refugees In Canada: A Life History Study Of War And Resilience In The Aftermath Of Migration, Nada Nessan
The Experiences Of Iraqi Refugees In Canada: A Life History Study Of War And Resilience In The Aftermath Of Migration, Nada Nessan
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This thesis reports on a life history narrative on the experiences of Iraqi refugees who resettled in Canada after living through war. The aim of this study is to help change the narrow perspectives on the mental health of war affected populations to a broader perception shaped by cultural and social aspects and to inform the development of meaningful and cultural relevant programs and policies with a particular attention to the concept of resilience.
The first part of the study presents the chronological narratives, or profiles. of eight participants. The second part of the study is a thematic discussion of …
Trends And Factors Associated With Suicide Deaths In Older Adults, Eada Novilla-Surette
Trends And Factors Associated With Suicide Deaths In Older Adults, Eada Novilla-Surette
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Suicide in older adults is a significant overlooked problem worldwide; particularly in Canada where a national suicide prevention strategy has not yet been established. This population-level study utilized and analyzed linked administrative health care databases (from 2011-2015) that were available at ICES (provincial health care administrative data steward), to build a better understanding of suicide (rate; trends; risks/preventive factors) in older adults living in Ontario, Canada. The findings suggest that suicide remains a persistent cause of death in older adults (with an average annual suicide rate of 0.1 per 1000 people over 5 years; the risks include being male, living …
Mood And Anxiety Disorders, Measurement, And Migrant Groups In Ontario, Jordan Edwards
Mood And Anxiety Disorders, Measurement, And Migrant Groups In Ontario, Jordan Edwards
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Our objectives were to: (1) evaluate the current literature on the epidemiology of mood or anxiety disorders among migrant groups; (2) assess how current tools for measuring mood or anxiety disorders at the population level influence our understanding of the epidemiology by a) analyzing the concordance between two commonly used population measures, and b) using a Bayesian analysis to create a combined estimate using both measures; (3) estimate the prevalence and effects of potential risk factors on the prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders among first-generation migrant groups compared to the general population in Ontario. We conducted a systematic review …
The Experiences Of Female Adolescents Who Have Sustained A Concussion Through Sport Participation: A Consideration Of An Occupational Perspective During Recovery, Annalise Michelle Tichenoff
The Experiences Of Female Adolescents Who Have Sustained A Concussion Through Sport Participation: A Consideration Of An Occupational Perspective During Recovery, Annalise Michelle Tichenoff
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Adolescence is a time of rapid and tumultuous development in the physical, cognitive and psychosocial domains. Sustaining a concussion during this time period may complicate this development, particularly when symptoms are prolonged. Of particular importance is the study of adolescent females, as this population has been under-evaluated within the literature. This is especially troubling due to the number of concussions that occur among adolescent females, as concussions within this population reportedly occur at twice the frequency of adolescent males. This dissertation presents a qualitative case study investigation that explores the recovery experiences of adolescent female athletes who have sustained a …
Reducing Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia In Older Adult Long Term Care Home Residents With Virtual Reality Therapy, Munira Sultana
Reducing Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia In Older Adult Long Term Care Home Residents With Virtual Reality Therapy, Munira Sultana
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Individuals with dementia often exhibit Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). BPSD worsens as dementia progresses and intensifies caregiver distress. The Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario recommends non-pharmacologic methods such as group activities, music therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) to manage BPSD. I wanted to explore the potential of virtual reality (VR) as a possible CST for Ontario long-term care home (LTC) residents with moderate to severe dementia. I analyzed data of a single site case series (n=24), piloted to explore the feasibility of VR therapy, residents’ tolerance for the therapy, facilitators and barriers to …
Social Connectedness And Self-Perceived Mental Health In Canadian Transitional Aged Youth, Romaisa Pervez
Social Connectedness And Self-Perceived Mental Health In Canadian Transitional Aged Youth, Romaisa Pervez
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Introduction:Transitional aged youth (TAY; ages 15-24) is a vulnerable age group that face several life changes which contribute to many forms of distress in their lives.
Objective:To assess the impact social connectedness has on self-perceived mental health in Canadian TAY.
Methods:The dataset provided by the Canadian Community Health Survey 2016 cycle was used. Listwise deletion was used to handle missing data. The final sample size for the study was 5,378 youth between the ages of 15-24. Linear and ordinal logistic regressions were conducted for the statistical analysis of the dataset.
Results:With every point decrease in social …
The Neural Circuitry Of Sensory Processing In Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sherain Harricharan
The Neural Circuitry Of Sensory Processing In Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sherain Harricharan
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Background: Traumatic experiences can have severe emotional and psychological consequences, which may affect the capacity to process both internal and external sensory information. Such aberrations may have cascading effects in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where alterations in sensory processing may hinder the capacity for higher-order executive functions, including emotion regulation. Delineating the neural circuitry of subcortical and cortical structures thought to be central to sensory processing is therefore critical to the study of PTSD and may help to develop an understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this often debilitating disorder.
Methods: Various neuroimaging approaches were employed to investigate …
In Search Of Psychiatric Kinds: Natural Kinds And Natural Classification In Psychiatry, Nicholas Slothouber
In Search Of Psychiatric Kinds: Natural Kinds And Natural Classification In Psychiatry, Nicholas Slothouber
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In recent years both philosophers and scientists have asked whether or not our current kinds of mental disorder—e.g., schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder—are natural kinds; and, moreover, whether or not the search for natural kinds of mental disorder is a realistic desideratum for psychiatry. In this dissertation I clarify the sense in which a kind can be said to be “natural” or “real” and argue that, despite a few notable exceptions, kinds of mental disorder cannot be considered natural kinds. Furthermore, I contend that psychopathological phenomena do not cluster together into kinds in the way that paradigmatic natural kinds (e.g., chemical …
Early Treatment Response In First Episode Psychosis: A 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study Of Glutathione And Glutamate, Kara Dempster
Early Treatment Response In First Episode Psychosis: A 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study Of Glutathione And Glutamate, Kara Dempster
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Approximately one third of patients with schizophrenia fail to respond to dopamine-blocking antipsychotic medications. While treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is generally thought to be present from the onset of first episode psychosis (FEP), prospective identification of these patients remains clinically challenging. We investigated the association of glutamate, and glutathione with time to response in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of minimally-treated patients with FEP (n=26) and healthy controls (n= 27) using an ultra-high field 7T MRI protocol. Higher ACC glutathione at baseline was associated with decreased time to achieve 50% symptom improvement. There were no significant differences between patients and …
White Matter Inflammation And Executive Dysfunction: Implications For Alzheimer Disease And Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Alexander Levit
White Matter Inflammation And Executive Dysfunction: Implications For Alzheimer Disease And Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Alexander Levit
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
White matter integrity is crucial to healthy executive function, the cognitive domain that enables functional independence. However, in the ageing brain, white matter is highly vulnerable. White matter inflammation increases with age and Alzheimer disease (AD), which disrupts the normal function of white matter. This may contribute to executive dysfunction, but the relationship between white matter inflammation and executive function has not been directly evaluated in ageing nor AD. White matter is also particularly vulnerable to cerebrovascular disease, corresponding with the common presentation of executive dysfunction in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Thus, white matter may be an important substrate by …