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Full-Text Articles in Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling

Implications Of Cultural Awareness On Healthcare Access In Marginalized Communities, Allison Davis, Diana Melman May 2021

Implications Of Cultural Awareness On Healthcare Access In Marginalized Communities, Allison Davis, Diana Melman

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

While the Covid-19 pandemic has had global effects, community inequalities have led to a diversity of specific impacts. Covid-19 has specifically impacted marginalized communities at a higher rate, and a common theme has emerged highlighting a disparity in healthcare access, leading to these communities being left behind. As current literature is being released during the pandemic, data has uncovered some technical details of new challenges in healthcare access. In addition, individuals from marginalized communities may place a higher importance of cultural competency in their health care. This proposal aims to identify the ways in which access to telehealth has impacted …


Integration Of Systemic Family Therapy And Attachment-Focused Approach With Adoptive Families: Impacts On Attachment In Child-Parent Interactions, Julianne Park May 2021

Integration Of Systemic Family Therapy And Attachment-Focused Approach With Adoptive Families: Impacts On Attachment In Child-Parent Interactions, Julianne Park

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Attachment deficits are prevalent among adoptive children especially after their first year in adoption (van den Dries, 2009). While treatment with the focus on the attachment needs of adopted children and adoptive parents’ attunement has been increasingly discussed, not much has been researched on the effectiveness of the family systems approach, including the exploration of the parents’ emotional experiences around adoption. In addition, more studies that strictly focus on treating adoptive children’s attachment issues after their first year of adoption are needed. By incorporating the Taking Care of Adoption (TCA) model, which is based on the integration of a family …


Assessing Effectiveness Of Minecraft-Based Interventions To Improve Interpersonal Skills Of Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Linh Truong, Susan Dorn May 2021

Assessing Effectiveness Of Minecraft-Based Interventions To Improve Interpersonal Skills Of Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Linh Truong, Susan Dorn

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience bullying and social exclusion more than typically developing teens which can lead to feelings of depression and anxiety. These consequences are related to significant impairments in social reciprocity, a core feature of ASD. Face-to-face social skills training (SST) like the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills) for Adolescents (PEERS) has been found to increase social skills for youth with ASD. Can these SSTs be brought online? Minecraft, a versatile online platform and a shared language among teenagers across the globe has been used therapeutically to increase social skills (i.e. social …


Cultural Values And Sexual Satisfaction In Interracial Relationships, Alisha Le Beau, Sierra Phelps May 2021

Cultural Values And Sexual Satisfaction In Interracial Relationships, Alisha Le Beau, Sierra Phelps

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This research aims to investigate cultural values in interracial couples and its impact on sexual satisfaction. Participants will be recruited to volunteer from interracial couple support groups in Washington state. Based on self-report, we will gather demographic information about our participants’ gender, race, age, relationship status, identified cultures, and faith background. We predict that the greater the differences between cultural value sets and expectations within an interracial couple, the more communication and potential compromise will be needed in order to achieve sexual satisfaction. Therefore, we hypothesize that increased differences in cultural values will decrease sexual satisfaction within interracial couples.


Impact Of Racism On The Use Of Intrusive Interventions, Marissa Mackey May 2021

Impact Of Racism On The Use Of Intrusive Interventions, Marissa Mackey

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The American law enforcement’s disproportionate maltreatment and violence against the BIPOC community has become a mainstream social issue. Since racism and discrimination have been interwoven into American society since the country’s origin it is negligent to think that differential and unfair treatment starts and ends with police. Using the data from this study we will examine the relationship between racial minority status and the rate of use of intensive interventions such as restraints and seclusion in inpatient mental health facilities. The results of this study can be used to inspire future research into how to create equity within inpatient organizations, …


Measuring Countertransference And Self-Care For Therapists During Covid-19 And Telehealth, Elliott Duea May 2021

Measuring Countertransference And Self-Care For Therapists During Covid-19 And Telehealth, Elliott Duea

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The sudden onset of a global pandemic put therapists in a unique position; therapists that have always practiced in an office found themselves providing therapy from their homes. With this change, this study seeks to measure two things: the first goal of this study is to determine if therapists have encountered more instances of countertransference since practicing in their homes. And the second goal of the study is to determine if it has been more difficult to practice self-care since seeing clients at home over telehealth.


Effectiveness Of Telehealth In Treating Eating Disorders, Kylee Hellstern, Julia Robison May 2021

Effectiveness Of Telehealth In Treating Eating Disorders, Kylee Hellstern, Julia Robison

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Eating disorders have been increasing in severity and frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals are experiencing lockdown, isolation, increased fear of exposure and contraction, and disruption in regular routine. Clients and clinicians are being encouraged to conduct therapy virtually and through a screen. While almost all treatment has been moved online, little to no research has been done on telehealth’s effectiveness on treatment of eating disorders. The purpose of this proposed study is to collect quantitative data on the effectiveness of telehealth as a means of treatment for eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Effects Of Trauma-Informed, Culturally Adaptive Efit Among U.S. Cambodian Refugees, Liane Whang May 2021

Effects Of Trauma-Informed, Culturally Adaptive Efit Among U.S. Cambodian Refugees, Liane Whang

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of culturally adaptive, trauma-informed Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy (EFIT) on Cambodian refugees with PTSD, depression, and/or somatic symptom disorder. Participants will be drawn from a geographical area with the largest concentration of Cambodian Americans in the Seattle, Washington area. Eligible participants are adults who have been diagnosed with PTSD, major depression, and/or somatoform disorders who have lived in Cambodia at some point during the Khmer Rouge regime before resettling in Seattle. Half of the participants will be offered trauma-focused EFIT while the other half will receive their usual psychiatric and …


Effectiveness Of Emotionally Focused Family Therapy (Efft) In Adults Experiencing Anorexia Nervosa., Lea Fingerhut May 2021

Effectiveness Of Emotionally Focused Family Therapy (Efft) In Adults Experiencing Anorexia Nervosa., Lea Fingerhut

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most lethal and debilitating psychiatric disorders with a long recovery rate, underscoring the need for efficacious treatment. Although research has made significant advances in individual and systemic treatment options for AN, none have examined the use of family-based treatment options with adults experiencing AN. The following study aims to explore the efficacy of emotionally-focused family therapy (EFFT) in the treatment of AN.


Life Satisfaction In Family Caregivers Taking Care Of Someone With Dementia: A Comparison To Informal Caregivers And Non-Caregivers., Raelynn Johnston May 2021

Life Satisfaction In Family Caregivers Taking Care Of Someone With Dementia: A Comparison To Informal Caregivers And Non-Caregivers., Raelynn Johnston

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

There are an estimated 30 million individuals with dementia and that number is likely to doubles every twenty years. Individuals with dementia typically need additional support, which comes from caregivers. It is important to look at the life satisfaction of caregivers, both family and informal, compared to non-caregivers (Brodaty & Donkin, 2009). Caregivers experience higher rates of depression, stress, health complications, and lower rates of life satisfaction (Borg & Hallberg, 2006). This has clinical implications as it can demonstrate how therapists can provide resources and tools for caregivers to reduce depression, stress, and burden. This study aims to explore the …


Is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy In School-Based Settings Effective In Reducing Self-Harm Tendency Behaviors In Adolescents?, Enas Albar, Violet Ohsiek May 2021

Is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy In School-Based Settings Effective In Reducing Self-Harm Tendency Behaviors In Adolescents?, Enas Albar, Violet Ohsiek

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

About 16% of adolescents have engaged in deliberate self-harm (Muehlenkamp et al., 2012). These adolescents will experience a range of negative effects and can possibly engage in other high-risk behaviors (Westers & Plener, 2020). Solution-focused brief therapy is known to be cost-effective and applicable in school-based settings (Szlyk, 2018). Since teens are more likely to receive support in school settings, examining the effectiveness of SFBT is beneficial. Applying solution-focused brief therapy in a school-based setting will decrease self-harm tendency behaviors in adolescents. Our sample size will include both male and female participants ages 12-18 years old. Using data from collected …


Womanism & Wellbeing: A Manuscript Dissertation Exploring The Effects Of Shame, Loss And Gender Issues, Christy Angelle-Vidrine Bauman Jun 2020

Womanism & Wellbeing: A Manuscript Dissertation Exploring The Effects Of Shame, Loss And Gender Issues, Christy Angelle-Vidrine Bauman

Education Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the research on gender issues and psychological well-being across the adult lifespan utilizing qualitative research examining factors (e.g., societal influences, sexual objectification, shame, loss, meaning-making, and internal identity) in developing resilience and mitigating mental health issues. This paper discusses the importance of addressing well-being through expression of loss, meaning-making, and social impact. This manuscript style dissertation will review publications in such areas as sexuality, spirituality, grief, shame, intimacy, social, and interpersonal relationships. The exploration of biopsychosocial impacts as it relates to meaning-making, resilience, and communal involvement. The three publications will be …


Utilizing Evidence-Based Trauma Trainings In The Prevention Of Secondary Trauma, Aria Hudson, Marissa Mackey, Stephanie Armes May 2020

Utilizing Evidence-Based Trauma Trainings In The Prevention Of Secondary Trauma, Aria Hudson, Marissa Mackey, Stephanie Armes

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Secondary trauma (ST) is a risk mental health clinicians face when treating trauma clients. To our knowledge, research has not explored how a clinician’s trauma training could protect against developing secondary trauma. We used data from a larger national project examining ST in a sample of Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs; N = 200). A majority of the sample (n = 149; 64.5%) reported receiving specific trauma training. We explored qualitative reports of the specific trauma trainings clinicians received; the most commonly reported were Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TFCBT; n = 36) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; …


Equine Therapy’S Effect On Attachment For Former Foster Children, Joanna Frazier, Bryn Knapp May 2020

Equine Therapy’S Effect On Attachment For Former Foster Children, Joanna Frazier, Bryn Knapp

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Research has shown the importance of secure attachment, and the negative impact that insecure or disorganized attachment can have, especially for foster or adopted children. Attachment interventions have helped improve behavior problems and increase emotion regulation. Studies have shown that equine assisted psychotherapy (EAP) can help participants increase emotion regulation and decrease behavior problems. In this study, 50 adolescent former foster children will participate in weekly psychotherapy or EAP for one year. The primary aim of this study is to measure the effectiveness of EAP against traditional psychotherapy within this population, measuring outcomes on emotion regulation, behavior problems, and attachment.


Narrative Therapy With First-Generation College Students : Impacts On Anxiety, Depression, And Retention Rates., Nicole Ruttenberg, Lisa Christensen May 2020

Narrative Therapy With First-Generation College Students : Impacts On Anxiety, Depression, And Retention Rates., Nicole Ruttenberg, Lisa Christensen

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Over 50% of students entering higher education represent the first generation in their family to do so. These students experience unique stressors related to educational background, finances, membership in underrepresented populations, and other identities which shape their worldview. Grappling with such complexities can lead to increased likelihood of depression and anxiety, contributing to a 400% drop-out rate when compared with continuing-generation students. Narrative Therapy (NT) has shown promise in treating anxiety and depression and may be beneficial in integrating the intersectional experiences of first-generation students. Our proposed research would examine the impact of NT on depression, anxiety, and retention rates.


Does Marital Satisfaction Mediate The Relationship Between Maternal And Paternal Postpartum Depression (Ppd)?, Karen Touboul Futerman, Leah Smith May 2020

Does Marital Satisfaction Mediate The Relationship Between Maternal And Paternal Postpartum Depression (Ppd)?, Karen Touboul Futerman, Leah Smith

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Research suggests that the presence of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) increases the likelihood of experiencing paternal PPD. Low marital satisfaction is significantly related to paternal PPD. Using a sample of 372 heterosexual couples, data was gathered at 1 month and 9 months postpartum for both mothers and fathers to assess PPD and marital satisfaction. Using a multiple regression model, results suggest that marital satisfaction mediates the relationship between maternal and paternal PPD. We also found that the severity of paternal PPD symptoms were negatively correlated with marital satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of supporting the couple relationship as they …


Factors Of Resiliency In Adolescents With Divorced Parents: Do Adolescents Who Become Part Of A Blended Family Report More Resilience Than Adolescents With Divorced Parents Who Do Not Become Part Of A Blended Family?, Makenzie Kinloch May 2020

Factors Of Resiliency In Adolescents With Divorced Parents: Do Adolescents Who Become Part Of A Blended Family Report More Resilience Than Adolescents With Divorced Parents Who Do Not Become Part Of A Blended Family?, Makenzie Kinloch

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

It is not a surprise that non-traditional families are becoming more common. One of the increasingly prevalent forms of non-traditional families are blended families. Adolescents who have gone through parental divorce are faced with unique challenges as they must navigate a changing family structure, and possibly entering into a blended family. This research proposal aims to examine resilience within adolescents in different family systems, exploring if adolescents who have gone through a parental divorce yet not blended with any other family report more resilience than adolescents who have gone through a parental divorce but who have blended with another family.


Attachment Styles And Perceived Parental Acceptance And Rejection Of Sexual Orientation In Lgbq Individuals, Emily Grossmann, Michelle Tran May 2020

Attachment Styles And Perceived Parental Acceptance And Rejection Of Sexual Orientation In Lgbq Individuals, Emily Grossmann, Michelle Tran

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Individuals who identify as LGBQ can face challenges with social acceptance. This study seeks to measure the relationship between sexual orientation and attachment style, and how parental response to coming out as non-heterosexual might impact this relationship. Participants completed an online survey measuring adult attachment via the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) and perceived parental acceptance or rejection via the Parental Acceptance and Rejection of Sexual Orientation Scale (PARSOS). The authors posit that perceived parental acceptance serves as a protective factor for attachment insecurity and explore Emotionally Focused Therapy as a treatment to increase attachment security in LGBQ individuals.


An Argument For Marriage And Family Therapy Treatment Of Grief With Adolescent Clients, Nicole Wilson, Boone Butler May 2020

An Argument For Marriage And Family Therapy Treatment Of Grief With Adolescent Clients, Nicole Wilson, Boone Butler

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This proposal argues when treating adolescents who experience grief, Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) treatment provides more beneficial outcomes for the processing of grief. Previous research suggests that adolescents who experienced exclusively family therapy exhibited decreases in internalizing behavior and their capacity to process their emotions was stronger comparative to their peers. Suggestions for further research to be conducted will prove that compared to individual therapy, MFT is more efficacious in treating adolescent grief. Further research suggestions include the utilization of Beck’s Depression Inventory and a comparative analysis of paired data between two groups – MFT treatment versus individual treatment.


The Efficacy Of Virtual And In-Person Treatment Of Substance Use, And Mediating Effects Of Social Connection, Nga Chi Wong, Cody Moberg May 2020

The Efficacy Of Virtual And In-Person Treatment Of Substance Use, And Mediating Effects Of Social Connection, Nga Chi Wong, Cody Moberg

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Telehealth increases accessibility of treatment for SUD patients who need the social connection but do not have access to a treatment facility due to financial, geographical or other limitations. However, empirical evidence is needed to validate the efficacy of virtual SUD treatment as well as explore the mediation effects of social connection. We hope to carry out a quantitative longitudinal cohort study by looking at treatment outcomes between two groups of adults randomly assigned to in-person or virtual SUD treatment. We will then reassess the occurrence of drug use to understand any longitudinal differences and mediation effect of social connection.


Child-Parent Family Therapy And Conflict With A Romantic Partner, Ethan Blackstone, Mike San Martino May 2020

Child-Parent Family Therapy And Conflict With A Romantic Partner, Ethan Blackstone, Mike San Martino

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This study aims to show a correlation between family therapy with an adult child and their caregiver, and conflict in romantic relationships. The study will take place at a community mental health center clinic, aiming at a population that already plans to receive therapy. Conflict will be measured on a scale to determine if there is a change before and after therapy. If a connection is established, this study will help to further emphasize how relationships within a system can have an important impact on other relationships within the same system, even if it is indirectly.


Comfort In Mental Health Treatment For Transgender And Gender Nonconforming Individuals, Alex Rabern May 2020

Comfort In Mental Health Treatment For Transgender And Gender Nonconforming Individuals, Alex Rabern

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people often encounter insensitive treatment in health care settings (Gessner et al, 2020). TGNC patients or clients are then more likely to avoid going to the doctor or seeking out therapy (Puckett et al, 2018). Health care professionals report a lack of education or training in how to be more sensitive (Carabez et al, 2016). This study focuses on providing the reportedly missing training to marriage and family therapists, to increase TGNC client comfort in participating in therapy. A training seminar, based on available models of TGNC sensitivity (Kort, 2018), will be provided to a …


Exploring Loneliness In Committed Relationships: What Role Does Quality Of Relationship Play?, Amanda Mcgovern, Kate Belbutoski May 2020

Exploring Loneliness In Committed Relationships: What Role Does Quality Of Relationship Play?, Amanda Mcgovern, Kate Belbutoski

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Loneliness is an aspect of the human experience that has garnered increasing attention as links between loneliness and negative health outcomes have been discovered across medical and mental health fields. Research on loneliness has highlighted relationship status as a prominent influencing factor on individual’s experiences of loneliness, underscoring findings that those in more committed relationships may experience less loneliness. This has clinical implications for therapists, particularly those working with couples who might assume that individuals in committed relationships are unlikely to experience loneliness because of their committed relationship status. This study focuses on the experience of loneliness in committed relationships …


Treatment Of Female Anorgasmia Using Narrative Therapy And Therapeutic Masturbation – A Practice-Based Study, Leslie Martin May 2020

Treatment Of Female Anorgasmia Using Narrative Therapy And Therapeutic Masturbation – A Practice-Based Study, Leslie Martin

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This research study will use a practice-based model to explore orgasm and sexual pleasure with female clients who report that they are unable to experience an orgasm. By thickening their definitions and stories around orgasm and pleasure; and by engaging in therapeutic masturbation weekly between sessions, clients will experience increased pleasure and orgasm. The use of a guided therapeutic masturbation exercise is used from Emily Nagaski’s book Come As You Are. And quantitative data will be gathered using questions 11, 12, 13, and 16, from an adapted version of the Female Sexual Functioning Inventory.


Anjaneyasana: Yoga As An Intervention For Sexual Shame, Caitlin Minniear, Kathy Smith May 2020

Anjaneyasana: Yoga As An Intervention For Sexual Shame, Caitlin Minniear, Kathy Smith

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

While literature exists about the benefits of yoga through mindfulness, and on mindfulness and sex, little is known about the use of yoga as an intervention to promote healthy female sexuality. This study will explore the efficaciousness of yoga in reducing sexual shame. Data from 60 female participants will be collected via surveys. Using statistical analyses, changes in participants levels of sexual shame and sexual enjoyment will be examined as impacted by weekly yoga practice with an emphasis on body awareness, relaxation, and body positivity. We hypothesize a negative correlation between a weekly yoga practice and feelings of sexual shame …


Are You Satisfied? Examining The Association Between Marital Satisfaction, Parental Satisfaction, And Satir's Concept Of Congruence., Aaron Abrams, Dominique Washington May 2020

Are You Satisfied? Examining The Association Between Marital Satisfaction, Parental Satisfaction, And Satir's Concept Of Congruence., Aaron Abrams, Dominique Washington

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Research demonstrates that marital and parental satisfaction influence each other, as those who have more satisfaction with their marital partners are generally more satisfied in their parenting practices, and vice-versa. Virginia Satir’s concept of congruence is believed to improve relationships. Current researchers propose examining whether congruence, marital satisfaction and parental satisfaction influence each other. Married couples will be given the Bonnie Lee Congruence Scale, Cleminshaw-Guidubaldi Parent Satisfaction Scale, and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. Researchers hypothesize that there will be a positive three-way interaction between the variables. If the hypotheses are supported, this may further promote teaching congruency in therapeutic settings.


Is Solution Focused Brief Therapy Efficacious In Reducing The Incidence Of Sibling Violence?, Quantas Ginn, Allison Sturges May 2020

Is Solution Focused Brief Therapy Efficacious In Reducing The Incidence Of Sibling Violence?, Quantas Ginn, Allison Sturges

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This study aims to explore the efficacy of Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) in reducing the incidence of sibling violence. To limit variables, this qualitative study will survey 60 King County elementary and middle schoolers between the ages 9-12 who currently inflict violence upon a sibling. Subjects will participate in 8 individual sessions while parents will provide feedback on subject’s behavior at home. Using a modified Conflicts Tactics Scale (CTS1-m) and a modified Parent Daily Report (PDR-m) to measure efficacy, we hypothesize that SFBT will be found to be effective in the reduction of sibling violence.


Religiosity And Experiences Of Sexual Shame: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis Study, Megan Hiser, Lauren Dudugjian May 2020

Religiosity And Experiences Of Sexual Shame: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis Study, Megan Hiser, Lauren Dudugjian

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

While the relationship between religion and sexual shame has been increasingly discussed, there has yet to be a study examining this relationship (Schermer-Sellers, 2017). This study aims to explore potential relationships between experiences of sexual shame (Clark, 2017) and religiosity. Latent class analysis was used to assess categorical indicators of sexual shame as found by Clark et al. (2017) and present and historical religious exposure. Covariates of membership were explored. The research aims to provide grounds for exploration of experiences of sexual shame nuanced by religion and empower clinicians to assist clients navigating experiences of sexuality, shame, and religion.


Couple Relationships, Secondary Traumatic Stress, And Burnout In A Sample Of Marriage And Family Therapists, Gretchen Hoyum, Stephanie Armes May 2020

Couple Relationships, Secondary Traumatic Stress, And Burnout In A Sample Of Marriage And Family Therapists, Gretchen Hoyum, Stephanie Armes

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Secondary traumatic stress (STS) occurs when a helping professional hears about a client’s trauma and develops symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Bride et al., 2004). Previous research has shown that social support can decrease rates of STS in healthcare providers. This study includes data from a larger project of Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs; N= 200). We explored correlations between STS, burnout, and MFTs’ couple relationship factors. Findings indicated a negative correlation between couple relationship satisfaction and burnout (r = -.17; p < .05), as well as perceived support from partners and STS (r = -.19; p < .01). The findings suggest that MFTs’ positive couple relationships could be a protective factor in lowering levels of STS and burnout. We discuss implications for therapists in our poster.


The Moderating Effects Of How Long A Couple Has Been Together On The Relationship Between The Secondary Victim Of Rape And Their Experience Of Couple Satisfaction., Kasey Jahnke, Rose Langston May 2020

The Moderating Effects Of How Long A Couple Has Been Together On The Relationship Between The Secondary Victim Of Rape And Their Experience Of Couple Satisfaction., Kasey Jahnke, Rose Langston

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This study aims to enhance and expand the limited research–primarily international and qualitative–on the relationship between the trauma experience by the secondary victimof rape, and their experience couple satisfaction, using quantitative measures. A slight modification of the Couple Satisfaction Index will be used to measure this. We are limiting our variables by focusing on secondary victims that have been with their intimate partner for at least 6 months at the time of rape, and are 18 years of age and older. The population will be taken from working in connection with sexual assault research centers online. One hypothesis is the …