Sports Medicine Commons^™

Exploration Of Running In Minimal And Conventional Footwear On Tibial Stress Fracture Probability In Habitual And Non-Habitual Minimal Users, Jonathan K. Sinclair, Paul J. Taylor

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

This research sought to investigate the impact of minimal and conventional footwear on the likelihood of tibial stress fractures among individuals who habitually and do not habitually use minimal footwear. Ten males who habitually ran in minimal footwear and ten males who habitually ran in conventional footwear, took part in this investigation. Kinematic information during overground running were gathered using an eight-camera motion-capture system, and ground reaction forces were recorded using a force plate. Tibial strains were assessed through finite element modelling, while the likelihood of stress fractures was determined through probabilistic modelling across a 100-day running period. Medial tibial …

Evaluation And Treatment Of Baseball Pitchers: There’S More To Assess Than The Arm, Matthew L. Gauthier, Casey A. Unverzagt, George J. Davies

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Injuries are commonplace in the overhead athlete, with many occurring to the shoulder and elbow. The increasing prevalence of injuries to the shoulder and elbow has been discussed at length in recent years, with increased research focus being placed on arm care for rehabilitation and prevention strategies. Even though the pitching motion is well-established as a whole-body kinetic chain movement, most attention in rehabilitation and prevention efforts is often placed on the upper extremity. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to highlight the impact the lower extremity and trunk have on the upper extremity during the throwing motion, better …

Biomechanical Comparison Of Posterolateral Fibula Plating With Independent Syndesmotic Screw Fixation Versus Direct Lateral Plating With Syndesmotic Screw Fixation Through Plate, Dmitriy Butsenko, Zack Bonick, J Gary Bledsoe, Michael E. Doany

Stony Brook Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Journal

Syndesmotic fixation has been extensively investigated. Screw size, number, position, orientation, and flexible fixation options have all been investigated at length. There is however a lack of knowledge of any difference between an independent syndesmotic screw versus onethrough a lateral plate. The purpose therefore is to perform a biomechanical assessment of syndesmotic fixation comparing independent screw vs screw through plate combination, analyzing torsional strength of both constructs. To perform this, seven matched cadaveric through tibia-fibula lower leg specimens were prepared by creating an oblique fracture performing surgical syndesmotic disruption. The specimens were then randomized into the direct lateral through plate …

Effects Of A 10-Week Footstrike Transition Programme On Tibial Stress Fracture Probability; A Randomized Controlled Intervention Using Finite Element And Probabilistic Modelling, Jonathan Sinclair, Paul J. Taylor

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The aim of this study was to undertake a randomized control trial examining the effects of a 10-week footstrike transition program on tibial stress fracture risk compared to control. Material and methods: Twenty habitual rearfoot strike runners were randomly assigned to either footstrike or control groups. The footstrike group undertook a graduated 10-week program which allowed them to convert their habitual rearfoot strike pattern, whereas the control group maintained their normal training regime without any alterations to their strike pattern. Running biomechanics were collected using an eight-camera motion capture system, and ground reaction forces using a force plate. Tibial …

Reliability And Construct Validity Of The Single-Leg Landing Error Scoring System (Sl-Less) In Physically Active Females, Jennifer E. Earl-Boehm, Madison Mach, Erin Lally, Maegan O'Connor, Hayley Ericksen

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

PURPOSE Single-leg landings are common in sport and often result in injury, however a rubric to evaluate biomechanics during single-leg jump landing (SLL) does not exist. The Single-Leg Landing Error Scoring System (SL-LESS) is a rubric developed to evaluate movement during SLL. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine inter- and intra-rater reliability of the SL-LESS, 2) and determine the content and construct validity of the SL-LESS when evaluating SLL

METHOD 28 healthy females completed SLL on two days while 2D and 3D data were recorded. 3D angles were trunk flexion/lateral-flexion, pelvic tilt/contralateral drop, hip flexion/adduction, and knee …

The Effects Of A 6-Week Intrinsic Foot Morphology, Kinematics, And Kinetics In Individuals With Pes Planus, Rebecca Marszalek, Janet E. Simon, Robert Wayner

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

CONTEXT
The intrinsic foot muscles are vital in supporting the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. Individuals with pes planus have poor foot morphology, strength, and biomechanics, warranting an intervention.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
At pre-intervention, foot posture and arch height were assessed via the Foot Posture Index-6 and the Navicular Drop test, respectively. Cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis was assessed using ultrasound as an indirect measure of strength. Biomechanical measures, including peak rearfoot eversion, peak tibial internal rotation, peak rearfoot eversion moment, and center of pressure excursion, were collected using 3D-motion capture and an instrumented treadmill. At post-intervention, these …

Effects Of Semi-Custom And Off-The-Shelf Orthoses On Achilles Tendon And Patellofemoral Kinetics In Female Runners, Jonathan Sinclair, Jim D. Richards, Hannah Shore

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of semi-custom and off-the-shelf orthotics on the loads experienced by the patellofemoral joint and the Achilles tendon in female runners. Material and Methods: Twelve female recreational runners ran at 4.0 m.s‑1 whilst wearing no orthotics, semi-custom orthotics and off-the-shelf orthotics. Kinetics and kinematics of running were obtained via a force platform and a motion capture system. Differences between orthotic conditions were contrasted using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results showed that both patellofemoral contact force and pressure were significantly lower in the no-orthotic (force = 3.21 B.W …

The Effect Of Front And Back Squat Techniques On Peak Loads Experienced By The Achilles Tendon, Jonathan Sinclair, Chris Edmundson, Stephen Atkins, Paul John Taylor, Hayley Vincent

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: A primary technique in the discipline of strength and conditioning the squat has two principal ‘back and front’ variants. Despite the physiological and strength benefits of the squat, the propensity for musculoskeletal injury is high. The current investigation examined the influence of the front and back squat variations on the load experienced by the Achilles tendon. Material/Methods: Achilles tendon loads were obtained from eighteen experienced male participants as they completed both back and front squats. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (p = 0.0125) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that the peak Achilles tendon load …

Side To Side Differences In Patellar Tendon Kinetics Of The Support Limb During Maximal Instep Soccer Kicking, Jonathan Kenneth Sonclair, Hannah Shore, Stephen Atkins, Sarah Jane Hobbs

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Kicking actions have been implicated in the aetiology of soccer injuries, and the unilateral nature of kicking may influence this. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether soccer players exhibit bilateral differences in support limb patellar tendon loads. Material/Methods: Fifteen male soccer players were examined whilst kicking a stationary soccer ball with both their dominant and non-dominant feet. Patellar tendon kinetics were obtained from each limb and then contrasted using paired samples t-tests. Results: Significant increases in patellar tendon kinetics were found when using the non-dominant limb.Conclusions: The findings from the current investigation have clinical significance …

Evaluation Of The Repeatability Of A Sports Technique Using Selected Kinematics Quantities Based On The Example Of Backhand Spring, Jaroslaw Omorczyk, Leszek Nosiadek, Ewa Puszczalowska-Lizis, Tadeusz Ambrozy, Dawid Mucha, Przemyslaw Bujas, Dariusz Mucha

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the changes that occur during a back handspring performed by artistic gymnastics competitors on the basis of selected biomechanical quantities. Material/Methods: The case study included five masterclass artistic gymnastics competitors. The activities were recorded at the frequency of 120 [Hz]. Using the SkillSpector computer software, selected biomechanical variables of the back handspring technique were analyzed. The coefficient of variation was used to evaluate the variability of movement, which, in turn, was used to describe the repeatability of the back handspring technique. Results: Kinematic analysis of the back handspring carried out with …

Kinematic Analysis Of The Block Startand 20-Metre Acceleration Phase In Two Highly-Trained Sprinters: A Case Report, Michal Janowski, Jacek Zielinski, Michal Wlodarczyk, Krzysztof Kusy

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The main purpose was to evaluate individual kinematic characteristics in highly trained sprinters during the „set” position, block clearance and a 20-m acceleration phase, as well as to determine differences and/or technique similarities. Material/Methods: The measurements were carried out on two sprinters, members of the Polish national team. A wireless portable MyoMotion system (Noraxon Inc., USA) was applied. Angular changes and accelerations of all limbs, trunk and head were measured. Results: Increased motion asymmetry between sides brought about stride fluctuation and worsened sprint performance. This effect occurred when the sum of the discrepancies for hip, knee and ankle joints …

The Relationship Between Vertical Jump Performance During Different Training Periods And Results Of 200m-Sprint, Pawel Siembida, Magdalena Zawadka, Piotr Gawda

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of the current study was to investigate: (1) differences between three types of countermovement jumps (CMJ), (2) development of lower-body strength during training periods, and (3) relationship between 200m personal best results and jumping ability in sprinters. Material and methods: A total of 14 male sprinters from local university academic sport club participated in the study. Athletes performed three variants of CMJ: with arm swing (AS), without AS, and from a maximal squat position. We took measures two times: during the active rest period and the final phase of the preparatory period. For measurements the Optojump photoelectric …

Sports-Injury Recovery Through Psychological Interventions, Harley T. Hamilton

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The biomechanics of an injury is the typical focus of athletic trainers and coaches. Surgery is often the result of sports injury and is routinely followed by a rehabilitation plan. This plan usually includes physical therapy and focuses on the return of mobility and function of the injured anatomical structure (Rodriguez et al., 2019). Athletic trainers are usually not properly trained on the psychological aspects of injury recovery (Bennett et al., 2016). Sometimes the involvement of a sports medicine professional (SMP) or sport psychology consultant (SPC) is necessary to help the athlete fully recover. Because there is a psychological change …

Bilateral And Unilateral Resistance Training And Athletic Performance, Brendyn B. Appleby

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Specificity is a key programming principle for optimal transfer of physiological adaptation of training to improved athletic performance. In resistance training, it has long been identified that the closer the mechanical specificity between the training exercise and outcome performance, the greater the transfer of improved capacity. Bilateral resistance exercises are predominately prescribed for the development of maximum strength and are well demonstrated to enhance athletic performance. However, unilateral exercises appear to demonstrate greater specificity to movements such as running and change of direction as these movements are predominantly single leg actions. Nonetheless, the unstable nature and comparatively lower magnitude of …

Connecting The Pieces: How Low Back Pain Alters Lower Extremity Biomechanics And Shock Attenuation In Active Individuals, Alexa Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Low back pain in collegiate athletes has been reported at a rate of 37% from a wide array of sports including soccer, volleyball, football, swimming, and baseball. Whereas, in a military population the prevalence of low back pain is 70% higher than the general population. Compensatory movement strategies are often used as an attempt to reduce pain. Though compensatory movement strategies may effectively reduce pain, they are often associated with altered lower extremity loading patterns. Those who suffer from chronic low back pain tend to walk and run slower and with less trunk and pelvis coordination and variability. Individuals with …

Biomechanical Testing Of An Exercise For Strengthening The Proximal Femur., Alyssa Osbourne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Based on the principles of cutting edge bone remodeling research, a unique therapeutic exercise device was designed specifically to improve bone quality at the most critical location of the proximal femur prone to fracture: the superior-lateral femoral neck where the fracture first initiates during a fall. The exercise/device is intended to work by inducing enough strain in the bone to stimulate the body’s natural bone remodeling mechanisms to increase bone density in the proximal femur and consequently prevent a fracture from arising if a fall to the side does occur.

In order to test the proposed exercise, experiments simulating the …

Reliability Of 3-Dimensional Measures Of Single-Leg Cross Drop Landing Across 3 Different Institutions: Implications For Multicenter Biomechanical And Epidemiological Research On Acl Injury Prevention, Christopher A. Dicesare, Nathaniel A. Bates, Kim D. Barber Foss, Staci M. Thomas, Samuel C. Wordeman, Dai Sugimoto, Benjamin D. Roewer, Jennifer M. Medina Mckeon, Stephanie Di Stasi, Brian W. Noehren, Kevin R. Ford, Adam W. Kiefer, Timothy E. Hewett, Gregory D. Myer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are physically and financially devastating but affect a relatively small percentage of the population. Prospective identification of risk factors for ACL injury necessitates a large sample size; therefore, study of this injury would benefit from a multicenter approach.

Purpose: To determine the reliability of kinematic and kinetic measures of a single-leg cross drop task across 3 institutions.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Twenty-five female high school volleyball players participated in this study. Three-dimensional motion data of each participant performing the single-leg cross drop were collected at 3 institutions over a period of 4 …

Patterns Of Barbell Acceleration During The Snatch In Weightlifting Competition, Kristof Kipp, Chad Harris

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between weightlifting performance and vertical barbell acceleration patterns. Barbell kinematic time-series data were tracked from 18 snatches from six weightlifters during a regional weightlifting competition. These data were used to calculate vertical barbell accelerations. Time-series data were normalised to 100% of lift phase, defined as the time interval between barbell lift-off and maximum height of the barbell during each snatch lift. The time-series data were then entered into a pattern recognition algorithm that extracted principal patterns and calculated principal pattern scores. Body mass-normalised lift weight, which was used to quantify …