Radiology Commons^™

Hiding In Plain Sight: A Case Of Intestinal Tuberculosis Masquerading As Benign Lower Gi Bleeding, Lavender Otom, Priyanka Panwar, Gerald Odong, Fatma Kassim, Patricia Okiro, Christopher Opio, Saleem Abdulkarim

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background Intestinal tuberculosis (TB) represents the most common form of abdominal TB, often affecting the ileocaecal region. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is an uncommon presentation and may create significant diagnostic uncertainty, particularly in immunocompromised patients and in settings where inflammatory bowel disease is also encountered.

Case Presentation A woman in her sixties from Africa presented with recurrent diarrhoea and intermittent haematochezia over a 6-month period. Initial endoscopic evaluation was nondiagnostic. Cross-sectional imaging later demonstrated multifocal bowel involvement affecting both the small and large bowel, including ileocaecal and rectoanal disease, with associated abdominopelvic lymphadenopathy. Histopathology from repeat colonoscopy biopsy showed caseating granulomas …

Impact Of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring On 30-Day Mortality In Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study In Kenya, George Ongas, Idris Chikophe, Jacqueline Mavuti, David Olunya, Mubashir Qureshi, Beverly Cheserem, Edwin Mogere

General Surgery, East Africa

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate 15-year trends in epidemiology, baseline severity, management, and outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) at a Kenyan tertiary center, and to determine the impact of invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring on 30-day mortality in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) context.

METHODS A retrospective quasi-experimental cohort analysis of consecutive sTBI admissions (postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤ 8, age ≥ 13 years) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2024, was conducted. This time period was divided into two eras: era 1 (2010–2014), premonitoring, and era 2 (2015–2024), routine …

Blood-Based Clinical Markers For Early Dementia Detection: Insights From Ad-Detect-Cohort, Benard Aliwa, Jasmit Shah, Olivera Nesic Taylor,, Samuel Nguku, Juzar Hooker, Dilraj Sokhi, Sylvia Mbugua, Litha Musili, Rachel Maina, Harrison Kaleli, Levi Muyela, Anne Njoki Gitere, Anne Nyambura, Zul Merali, Karen Blackmon, Chinedu Momoh

Brain and Mind Institute

Background: Over 55 million people worldwide live with dementia, with more than60% residing in low- and middle-income countries. Alzheimer’s disease, the mostcommon form of dementia, accounts for 60–70% of cases. Early and accurate diagnosisremains a global challenge, necessitating novel approaches to mitigate the diseaseburden. Biomarkers hold significant promise in improving diagnostic accuracy andpredicting disease progression. Validated biomarkers for the preclinical stages ofdementia are crucial for advancing diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. We aimedto identify potential clinical markers for early dementia detection and assess theirpredictive accuracy in identifying high-risk individuals.

Method: We analyzed blood samples from dementia cases (n = 30) and …

Lymphoma Imaging In Hiv And Non-Hiv Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study With Clinical And Pathological Correlation, Poonamjeet Loyal, Edward Chege, Jasmit Shah, Anne Mwirigi, Samuel Gitau

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Background: Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)have an atypical imaging pattern of lymphoma. There is paucity of literature on differences in tumor volume or burden of disease amongst HIV positive patients compared with HIV negative patients and how this correlates with clinicopathological parameters of aggressiveness and prognosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma which were categorized into HIV positive and HIV negative. The tumor burden, disease sites, international prognostic score and Ki-67 index were recorded. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and categorical variables with Fisher’s Exact test.

Results …

Not All That Hurts Is Malignant: A Painful Case Of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia, Zamanali Khakhar, Abdullahi Abdigafar Yunis, Dayib Buthul, Khadija Warfa, Soraiya Manji, Rajiv Patel, Sayed Ali Raza Bukhari

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign hepatic lesion most often detected incidentally during imaging studies. While typically asymptomatic, a small subset of patients may present with abdominal pain or discomfort. Clinically and radiologically, FNH can mimic malignant liver tumors, occasionally resulting in unnecessary invasive procedures. This case report describes a 45-year-old woman with symptomatic FNH who was placed on routine imaging surveillance and managed conservatively. This case underscores the importance of accurately distinguishing this benign condition from hepatic malignancies. It further highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with achieving a definitive diagnosis.

Identifying Sex- And Gender-Specific Endocrinological, Lifestyle, Psychosocial, And Socio-Cultural Targets For Alzheimer's Disease Prevention In Africans: The Female Brain Health And Endocrine Research In Africa (Fember-Africa) Project, Chinedu Momoh, Benard Aliwa, Lukoye Atwoli, Karen Blackmon, Edna Bosire, Samuel Gitau, Harrison Kaleli, Ciru Kamanda, Linda Khakali, Rachel Maina, Peter Mativo, Sylvia Mbugua, Zul Merali, Kendi Muchungi, Anne Njogu, Douglas Nyankira, Alice Ondieki, Catherine Onyancha, Stanely Onyango, Jasmit Shah, Sheena Shah, Cynthia Smith, Dilraj Sokhi, Sheila Waa, Thomas Thesen

Brain and Mind Institute

Dementia rates are rising globally, with the burden increasing most rapidly in low- tomiddle-income countries. Despite this, research into Alzheimer’s disease and relateddementias (ADRD) among African populations remains limited, with existing modelsbased on Western cohorts that overlook sex-, gender-, and ancestry-specific factors.The Female Brain Health and Endocrine Research in Africa (FemBER-Africa) project,hosted at the Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Kenya, will establish adeeply phenotyped cohort of 250 African individuals across the ADRD spectrum. Itwill assess sex-specific risk factors linked to ethnicity, lifestyle, and endocrinologicalvariables using fluid-based biomarkers (blood and saliva), neuroimaging (magneticresonance imaging and positron emission tomography), and …

Detection Of Left Ventricular Thrombus In Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure Patients: Diagnostic Accuracy Of 2d Transthoracic Echocardiography Compared With Cardiac Mri In A Kenyan Cohort, Barbara Karau, Nadeem Kassam, Mohamed Varwani, Jeilan Mohamed, Kevin Ombati, James Orwa, Mzee Ngunga

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a recognized complication of severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) Imaging is considered the gold standard due to its high sensitivity and specificity for detecting LVT, its availability remains limited in Sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is more accessible and commonly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to determine the incidence of LVT in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 35% from any etiology, and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of TTE against CMR for its detection.

Methods This prospective, …

Routine Antenatal Ultrasound By Nurse-Midwives In Rural Kenya: A Pragmatic Trial Assessing Feasibility And Effects Of The Mimba Yangu (My Pregnancy) Project, Claudia Hanson, Lucy Nyaga, Nidhi Leekha, Michaela Mantel, Sarah Kedenge, Caroline Gitonga, Violet Naanyu, Jasmit Shah, Marleen Temmerman

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Introduction: Task-sharing of obstetric ultrasound between nurse-midwives and doctors has the potential to operationalize the World Health Organization’s recommendation of at least one ultrasound before 24 weeks of gestational age for every pregnant woman. Here, we report on the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of the Mimba Yangu (My Pregnancy) task-sharing approach in rural Kenya.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic trial including 28 primary care facilities between April 2021 and March 2022, selected based on feasibility criteria. Fourteen facilities received the ultrasound intervention composed of (i) task-sharing with nurse-midwives, (ii) the use of portable ultrasound devices (Lumify™) connected to a tablet, …

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Cerebral Microhemorrhages And Superficial Siderosis In Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: Analysis From The Chariot-Pro Substudy, Sujin Kang, Dimitra Kafetsouli, Jamie Ford, Janice Wong, Luc Bracoud, Joyce Suhy, Parthenia Giannakopoulou, Chinedu Momoh, Tom Russ, Craig Ritchie

Brain and Mind Institute

Introduction: Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) and superficial siderosis (SS) are relatively common side effects of anti-amyloid immunotherapies, termed amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA-H). They are also observed in treatment-naïve older adults. This study explored relationships with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1414 cognitively unimpaired, treatment-naïve individuals aged 60 to 85 years from the Cognitive Health in Ageing Register: Investigational, Observational and Trial Studies in Dementia Research (CHARIOT): Prospective Readiness cOhort (PRO) SubStudy. Relationships between CMHs/SS and cardiovascular risk factors, amyloid beta (Aβ) load, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, educational attainment, and white matter hyperintensities were …

Labrad : Vol 50, Issue 1 - July 2025, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• EDITORIAL
• ARTICLES
• Molecular Integration in Diagnostic Medicine: The Convergence of Laboratory and Imaging Disciplines Toward Precision Healthcare
• Diagnosis of Odontogenic Cysts: Integrated Approach; Radiology-Pathology Correlation
• Radiologic Correlation in Bone Pathology Diagnosis - Essential Aspect
• Integrated Diagnostics in Microbiology: A Comprehensive Approach to Tuberculosis Diagnosis
• Integrated Diagnostics in Multiple Myeloma
• Sweat and DNA: A Unified Approach to Diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis
• Integrated Breast Biopsy and Predictive Marker Testing: A New Era in Streamlined Cancer Diagnostics
• Unmasking the Hook Effect in Prolactinomas: A Diagnostic Trap Requiring an Integrated Approach
• Radiology-Pathology Correlation: A Cornerstone of Integrated Diagnostic Accuracy
• Integrated Diagnostic Assessment of von Willebrand …

Interobserver Variability In Cardiovascular Fdg Pet/Ct Analysis In Large Vessel Vasculitis, Redemptar Kimeu, Anoop Shah, Samuel Gitau, Gemina Doolub, Jeilan Mohamed

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Introduction: PET/CT has a synergistic value for optimal diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, and evaluation of damage progression in large vessel vasculitis. The use of standardized uptake values (SUV) as a measurement of relative tissue uptake facilitates comparisons between patients, and has been suggested as a basis for diagnosis. The SUVmean and SUVmax reproducibility in vascular structures is not widely studied.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-observer variability of both qualitative visual grading of aortic 18F-FDG uptake and the quantitative aortic mean and maximum SUVs in these patients with mild to moderate covid-19 infection …

Uterus Didelphys Bicollis Bicolpos —A Case Report, Felix Oindi, Felix Nyagaka

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Uterus didelphys refers to a congenital uterine anomaly that occurs due to failed fusion of the paired Müllerian ducts. It is characterized by two separate noncommunicating uterine horns each with its cervix and fallopian tube. Duplication may be limited to the uterus, cervix or also involve the vagina. Here, we present a case of a 27-year-old primigravida incidentally diagnosed during pregnancy, followed up with cervical cerclage at 13 weeks due to a short cervix and had preterm delivery via cesarean section at 35 weeks. She had a successful pregnancy outcome and an uneventful postnatal course. Uterus didelphys is associated with …

Detection Rate And Patterns Of Biochemical Recurrence Of Prostate Cancer Using 18f-Psma-1007 Pet/Ct At A Tertiary Teaching Hospital In Sub-Saharan Africa., Lynet Wairimu Barasa

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Background: Rising PSA levels following local therapy with curative intent are seen in about one third of men previously treated for prostate cancer, indicative of disease recurrence. This is usually not detectable through imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Several studies show high detection rates of recurrence with 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, one of the novel PET imaging modalities for prostate cancer. No studies, however, have been done to show the patterns of recurrence in the Sub-Saharan African population in whom prostate cancer is known to occur earlier and be more aggressive. Biochemical recurrence almost always …

Comparison Of Positivity Rate Of Dual Phase Sestamibi Versus Dual Tracer Pertechnetate/Sestamibi In Identification Of Parathyroid Adenomas., Naomi Chirindo Chikuro

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Background 

Parathyroid adenomas are the commonest cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. The primary mode of treatment is surgical excision which can only be achieved with pre surgical localization of adenomas. Ultrasound, CT and MRI can be used but the most sensitive and specific imaging modality is parathyroid scintigraphy with use of Sestamibi labelled with technetium 99 metastable radionuclide. A few studies have been done comparing dual phase, dual tracer and combined dual phase/tracer protocols with an apparent lack of consensus on which is superior.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the positivity rates of the mentioned parathyroid scintigraphy protocols and identify …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of 18f-Fdg Pet-Ct Compared To Ultrasound In Identification Of Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes In Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients., Sarah Muthii Kibe

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Background: Determination of axillary lymph node metastasis is a crucial part of breast cancer staging as it is the most important marker of overall recurrence and survival. Although axillary ultrasound (AUS) is the imaging reference standard, it has a wide range of sensitivity necessitating evaluation of other imaging modalities that may be used as adjuncts.18F-FDG PET-CT is recommended for use in metastatic and recurrent breast cancer with infrequent use in early disease due to its low spatial resolution for small axillary lymph nodes. The aim of this it study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of axillary ultrasound compared …

Case Series On Prosthetic Valve Thromboses Treated With Intravenous Thrombolysis At A Tertiary Teaching Hospital In Nairobi – Kenya, John Odhiambo, Salim Abdallah, Mzee Ngunga

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Valvular heart disease is a significant global health issue, particularly in developing countries where Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is the leading cause. Valve replacement surgeries have increased, with mechanical prostheses favored for their durability. However, thromboembolism remains a critical complication post-surgery, with prosthetic valve thrombosis rates of 0.03% for bioprosthetic valves and between 0.5% to 8% for mechanical valves in the aortic and mitral position. This report details two cases of heart failure following valve replacement due to rheumatic heart disease. The first case involves a 42-year-old female who developed prosthetic valve thrombosis after discontinuing warfarin for menorrhagia postmechanical mitral …

Labrad : Vol 49, Issue 2 - December 2024, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• EDITORIAL
• ARTICLES
• Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Disease: Pathogenesis, Presentation, and Diagnostic Insights
• Advanced Total Laboratory Automation (TLA) Workflow: A Comprehensive Approach towards High-Throughput Analyzers in Clinical Chemistry
• Precision Under Pressure: Challenges in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Immunosuppressants
• Frozen Section: Diagnostic Accuracy, Pitfalls and Use of Digital Pathology
• Working Environment Perspective of a Learner
• AI Training: A Must-Have Skill for Tomorrow’s Radiologists
• Challenges in Blood Supply: Importance of Voluntary Donations
• Leadership Skills and Emotional Intelligence For Professional Capacity Building in Histopathology – A Broad Perspective
• Factor VIII and XI Deficiency; A Finding That Could Have Been Missed-A Case Report
• Accelerated Phase …

Development Of An Online Authentic Radiology Viewing And Reporting Platform To Test The Skills Of Radiology Trainees In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Hubert Vesselle, Justy Antony Chiramal, Stephen Hawes, Eric Schulze, Tham Nguyen, Rose Ndumia, Sudhir Vinayak

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Background: Diagnostic radiology residents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may have to provide significant contributions to the clinical workload before the completion of their residency training. Because of time constraints inherent to the delivery of acute care, some of the most clinically impactful diagnostic radiology errors arise from the use of Computed Tomography (CT) in the management of acutely ill patients. As a result, it is paramount to ensure that radiology trainees reach adequate skill levels prior to assuming independent on-call responsibilities. We partnered with the radiology residency program at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi (Kenya) to …

Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis In A Young Patient With Colorectal Cancer: A Case Report, Zamanali Khakhar, Soraiya Manji, Rajiv Patel, Karishma Sharma, Sheila Waa, Sayed Karar

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is a rare and fatal complication associated with various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. It presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific symptoms and complex clinical course. This case report details the presentation, diagnosis, and implications of LMC in a 33-year-old male with a history of colorectal cancer (CRC) and hemicolectomy. The patient presented with nonspecific symptoms of headache and dizziness. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology revealed the presence of malignant cells, leading to the diagnosis of LMC secondary to CRC. The elusive and multifaceted nature of this condition highlights the necessity for increased clinical awareness and extensive …

Estimation Of The Optimal Radiotherapy Utilization Rate For Childhood Neuroblastoma, Azumi Fukushima, Varsha Hande, Katherine Wakeham, Michael Barton, Mohamed Zaghloul, Daniel Moreira, Nickhill Bhakta, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Bilal Mazhar Qureshi, Michael Sullivan

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Background and purpose: The optimal utilization rate of radiotherapy (oRUR) serves as a benchmark for assessing service demand and improving access to cancer care. While it is estimated that approximately 50 % of adult cancer patients require external beam radiotherapy during their treatment, there is a scarcity of data regarding the optimal use of radiotherapy in pediatric cancer. In this study, we adopted an established method and developed a model to estimate the oRUR in childhood neuroblastoma.

Materials and methods: We developed a decision tree model to calculate the oRUR using indications for radiotherapy and corresponding epidemiological data collected through …

Labrad : Vol 49, Issue 1 - June 2024, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• EDITORIAL
• ARTICLES
• Empowering Donors Through Technology
• Impact of Clinical Laboratories on Greenhouse gas emissions
• Embracing Digitalization and Sustainability: Streamlining Laboratory Reporting
• Accelerating Productivity and Performance: Transition from Transcribers to Working with Speech Recognition.
• ECO-Friendly Molecular Pathology Laboratory Practices
• Let’s Work to Build A Sustainable Histopathology Lab
• Laboratory Sustainability -Things to Promote Eco-Conscious Laboratory Environment
• A Guide to Develop the current and future Eco-Friendly Molecular Lab practices
• The Role of Microbiology Laboratories in Seaweed Reduction and Sustainable Agar Production
• The Role of Behavioral Change in Reducing Energy Use in Microbiology Laboratories
• Reducing Pathology’s Environmental Impact – What can we do?
• Water …

Thyroid Cartilage Metastases From Prostate Cancer On 18f Psma Pet Ct: A Case Series, Poonamjeet Loyal, Samuel Gitau, Khalid Makhdomi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Prostate cancer metastases to the thyroid cartilage is an extremely rare phenomenon. We report three cases of advanced prostate carcinoma with metastases to the thyroid cartilage identified on 18F prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 (PSMA-1007) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). The pathophysiology and possibility for under-reporting are also discussed. Prostate cancer metastases to the larynx should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cartilage lesions in patients with advanced prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis.

A Rare Case Of Biliary Atresia With Biliary Ascites On A (Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid) Hida Scan, Poonamjeet Loyal, Khalid Makhdomi, Samuel Gitau

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Biliary atresia is one of the most challenging conditions in pediatric surgery even when it is the only finding. Here we present a rare case of biliary atresia complicated with biliary ascites due to ductal perforation identified on a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan.

Long-Term Health Related Quality Of Life Following Uterine Fibroid Embolization In A Predominantly Black African Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Michael Kioko, Marleen Temmerman, Timona Obura, Adelaide Lusambili

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is one of the effective options available for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with documented improvement in the quality of life and reduction in symptoms. The study assessed long-term quality of life post-uterine fibroid embolization in a mostly black population, noting scanty local or African research on this topic despite evidence suggesting a higher fibroid burden among black women. This retrospective study examined patients who underwent UFE from 2009 to 2014. Participants completed online demographic and UFS-QOL surveys. Statistical tests included Wilcoxon signed rank tests for HRQOL score differences and Pearson correlation for associations between independent …

Entrance Surface Air Kerma To Patients During Digital Radiographic Examinations In Tanzania, Atumaini Makoba, Ahmed Jusabani, Wilbroad Muhogora, Abdallah Kileo, Musa Ndukeki, Huruma Mammba, Hilda Makungu, Haika Maro, Erick Onoka, Miguta Ngulimi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

The aim of this study was to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in adult patients during digital radiography and to evaluate the optimisation potential in five common X-ray examinations in Tanzania. Based on a sample of 240–610 patients, ESAK was estimated using X-ray tube output measurements, patient information and backscatter factors. The results show that the mean ESAK values were higher or comparable to data from the literature. The diagnostic reference values of ESAK for digital radiography were 0.31 mGy (chest PA), 4 mGy (lumbar spine AP), 5.4 mGy (lumbar spine LAT), 3.8 mGy (abdomen AP) and 2.4 …

Effectiveness Of Blended Pedagogy For Radiographic Interpretation Skills In Operative Dentistry - A Comparison Of Test Scores And Student Experiences At An Undergraduate Dental School In Pakistan, Marium Iqbal, Jacqueline Maria Dias, Amber Shahmim Sultan, Hussain Ahmed Raza, Laeeq Uz Zaman

Department for Educational Development

Background: Utilizing Blended pedagogy (BP) in radiographic skills may prove to be an effective teaching strategy. However, studies on the use of BP in dentistry are quite limited in Pakistan, where teaching has mostly been via traditional Didactic Lectures (DL); and radiographic interpretation skills of undergraduate dental students are suboptimal. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether utilizing BP to teach radiographic interpretation skills is an effective teaching methodology in Pakistan.
Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted on final year dental students at Jinnah Medical and Dental College (JMDC). Two groups of students were utilized for this study, one taught …

Developing And Piloting An Online Course On Osteoporosis Using A Multidisciplinary Multi-Institute Approach- A Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Arsala Jameel Farooqui, Sibtain Ahmed, Muhammad Umer Naeem Effendi, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Qamar` Riaz, Noreen Nasir, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Sarah Nadeem, Rizwan Haroon Rashid, Aysha Habib

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: Postgraduate medical trainees (PGs) in developing nations face various educational hurdles due to limited access to quality resources and training facilities. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of e-learning, particularly Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), within postgraduate medical education. It involved the development of a customized online course focused on osteoporosis for PGs and an examination of their perspectives and preferences concerning online learning methods like Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) platforms.
Methods: The study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020. A multi-institutional, multidisciplinary team was assembled to design an osteoporosis course on the VLE platform. PGs …

Differing Radiation Exposure In Scrub Technicians And Rotating Staff In Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: Occupation Matters, Nasir Rahman, Maleeha Javed, Ghufran Adnan, Maria Khan, Zeenat Nizar, Izat Shah

Section of Cardiology

Background: Radiation exposure is a significant hazard associated with invasive Cardiology, with most studies based on primary operator exposure. This prospective, observational study aimed to find out over lead radiation exposure as effective dose acquired by non-physician staff comprising scrub technicians and rotating staff in the cath laboratory. Effective dose (ED) measured per procedure via Raysafe i2®dosimeter badges worn by both rotating staff and scrub technicians over lead aprons along with dose area product (DAP), fluoroscopy time (FT) and procedure time (PT) in minutes was collected prospectively over forty-six invasive Cardiology procedures.
Results: This study shows that rotating staff acquire …

Effect Of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone On Intraocular Pressure: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Altamash Shahriyar Ghazanfar, Aly Hamza Khowaja, Haroon Tayyab

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences

Background: Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid with multiple ocular uses. Like other corticosteroids, it too is associated with ocular side effects such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma and cataracts. Suprachoroidal administration of triamcinolone is hoped to reduce the ocular side effects of the drug, especially rises in IOP. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aims to study this phenomenon.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of suprachoroidal triamcinolone injections on IOP.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: We utilized the Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases for this review. Studies published till June 2023, which …

Pseudotumoral Hemicerebellitis In A Young Male Sailor With Complete Recovery After Steroid Therapy, Khizer Masroor Anns, Faheem Ullah Khan, Muhammad Aman, Anwar Ahmad, Kumail Khandwala, Zainab Aslam Saeed Memon, Izaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ismail Safi

Medical College Documents

Pseudotumoral hemicerebellitis is a rare presentation of acute cerebellitis, which involves the inflammation of a single cerebellar hemisphere and most commonly affects children. It mimics a tumor on imaging, hence given the name. In this report, we present a case of pseudotumoral hemicerebellitis in a 30-year-old male who presented to the emergency room (ER) with complaints of vertigo, vomiting, and a headache.