Pulmonology Commons^™

Raising Taxes Key To Accelerate Tobacco Control In South Asia, Prabhat Jha, Javaid Khan, Sujata Mishra, Prakash Gupta

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

No abstract provided.

Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, And Chronic Kidney Disease In South Asia: Current Status And Future Directions, Anoop Misra, Nikhil Tandon, Shah Ebrahim, Naveed Sattar, Dewan Alam, Usha Shrivastava, K M Venkat Narayan, Tazeen H. Jafar

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

No abstract provided.

Complex Multimodality Central Airway Management Of Aspergillus Pseudomembranous Tracheobronchitis, S Dhillon, M Saoud, Kassem Harris

NYMC Faculty Publications

A 69-year-old woman developed central airway obstruction due to invasive Aspergillus infection resulting in pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis (PTB). Several challenges were encountered in the airway management of this patient including her having relatively smaller airways which were more prone to obstruction by pseudomembranes and made airway interventions difficult. The patient had clinical deterioration in spite of antifungal therapy and bronchoscopic debridement. The multimodality airway techniques included the use of smaller biliary balloons for dilatation, using a hybrid stent to slowly dilate and maintain patency of right main stem and finally the insertion of right secondary carina peripheral Y stent, which resulted …

Appendicular Mass – A Rare Form Of Tuberculosis, Petrisor Banu, Vlad D. Constantin, Florian Popa, Mircea Bratucu, Teodora Vladescu, Cristian Balalau

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Tuberculosis is in the top 10 causes of death worldwide, being one of the most deadly infectious diseases. It is estimated that one of three people from the entire earth population has a latent infection with M tuberculosis. This aerobic bacterium possesses the ability to persist in host tissues for years and to begin replication once immunity declines.

The lungs are most frequent site of infection as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is carried by aerosol droplets and is commonly transmitted by respiratory route. The second way of transmission is by contaminated food.

Intestinal contamination coexists with pulmonary tuberculosis and only 10% …

Pulmonary Surfactant Fortified With Cath-2 As A Novel Therapy For Bacterial Pneumonia, Brandon J. Baer

Western Research Forum

Background: Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide, with high mortality rates persisting even after antibiotic treatment. Current treatments for pneumonia involve administration of antibiotics, however after the bacteria are killed they release toxic substances that induce inflammation and lung dysfunction. Host defense peptides represent a potential solution to this problem through their ability to down regulate inflammation. However, effective delivery to the lung is difficult because of the complex branching structure of the airways. My study addresses this delivery problem by using exogenous surfactant, a pulmonary delivery vehicle capable of improving spreading of these peptides throughout the …

Assessing Decision Of Inpatient Or Outpatient Care In Community Acquired Pneumonia: Apt Care Study, Saleem Ullah, Javaid Khan, Amanullah Khan, Irfan Hashemy

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Objective: To estimate the proportion of community-acquired pneumonia patients with disagreement between Confusion, Uraemia, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, age > 65 years recommendation and physician\\\'s decision to hospitalise or not.
Methods: This cross-sectional nation-wide, non-interventional, cross-sectional study was carried out across 10 cities of Pakistan from December 2011 to May 2012, and recruited consenting adult patients with confirmatory diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia on chest X-ray. Confusion, Uraemia, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, age > 65 years recommendation for each patient was determined at the time of analysis. This recommendation was compared with treatment decision made by the physician. Disagreement was considered when the …

Validation Of Respiratory Questionnaire For Lung Function Assessment Among An Occupational Group Of Textile Workers In Pakistan, Tanzil Jamali, Asaad Ahmed Nafees

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To determine the association of spirometric lung pattern with respiratory symptoms and to validate the American Thoracic Society respiratory questionnaire for lung function assessment among textile workers.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to December 2009 among adult textile workers of Karachi. Data was collected through the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease respiratory questionnaire and the lung function was assessed by using a spirometer. Results of three acceptable readings of spirogram were recorded and the best of the three readings was used for analysis. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis.
Results: There were 372 …

Coinfection With Lichtheimia Corymbifera And Aspergillus Flavus In An Immune-Competent Patient Mimicking As Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Farah Idress, Kauser Jabeen, Saima Kamal, Afia Zafar

Department of Medicine

Lichtheimia corymbifera and Aspergillus flavus pulmonary coinfection has been rarely reported in immune-competent patients. We report case of a young male who presented with clinical features of pulmonary-renal syndrome and was later diagnosed to have bilateral polymicrobial fungal lung infection.

Stem Cell Therapy For End Stage Copd: A Cautionary Tale Of Direct-To-Consumer Advertising, Blake J. Arthurs, Scott Yaekle

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Weiss DJ, Casaburi R, Flannery R, LeRoux-Williams M, Tashkin DP. A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in COPD. Chest. 2013;143(6):1590-1598. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2094

It Is Reasonable To Recommended Intrapleural Alteplase For Loculated Pleural Effusions, Tricia Fernandez

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Thommi G, Shehan J, Robison K, Christensen M, Backemeyer L, McLeay M. A double blind randomized cross over trial comparing rate of decortication and efficacy of intrapleural instillation of alteplase vs placebo in patients with empyemas and complicated parapneumonic effusions. Respir Med. 2012;17(2):716-723. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.02.005

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Expression Is Regulated By P53 Harboring The Lung Cancer-Specific Mutation V157f, Julie Barta, Md, Kristen Pauley, Steven B. Mcmahon, Phd

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Posters

OBJECTIVES

• To define the mutant p53-regulated transcriptome of lung cancer cells with alterations at V157 and R158 in the p53 tumor suppressor.
• To determine the biological effects of lung-enriched p53 mutations in lung cancer cells.

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Sabotages The Generation Of Host Proresolving Lipid Mediators, Becca A. Flitter, Kelli L. Hvorecny, Emiko Ono, Taylor Eddens

Dartmouth Scholarship

Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections coupled with robust, damaging neutrophilic inflammation characterize the chronic lung disease cystic fibrosis (CF). The proresolving lipid mediator, 15-epi lipoxin A4 (15-epi LXA4), plays a critical role in limiting neutrophil activation and tissue inflammation, thus promoting the return to tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that a secreted P. aeruginosa epoxide hydrolase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitory factor (Cif), can disrupt 15-epi LXA4 transcellular biosynthesis and function. In the airway, 15-epi LXA4 production is stimulated by the epithelial-derived eicosanoid 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET). Cif sabotages the production of 15-epi LXA4 by rapidly hydrolyzing 14,15-EET into its cognate …

Mrsa Induced Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome, Mohammed Megri, Majdi Al-Dliw, Yousef Shweihat, Zeid Khitan

Internal Medicine

We present a rare case of pulmonary-renal syndrome secondary to recurrent MRSA spondylodiscitis. The mechanism of involvement of each organ system is unique. The organs, lung and kidneys, have been affected by different pathologic processes that were induced, we think, by the chronic MRSA infection.

Catastrophes And Complicated Intraoperative Events During Robotic Lung Resection., Brian E Louie

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Intraoperative complications and catastrophes are an accepted and perhaps inevitable aspect of all surgeries. Anatomic pulmonary resection puts in close proximity the tracheal-bronchial tree, pulmonary vasculature, heart and great vessels within the small volume area of the chest. Fortunately, major complications and catastrophes are uncommon regardless of surgical approach. Pulmonary arterial injury is the most frequently reported. Most injuries necessitate a thoracotomy for definitive management though novel techniques are emerging for minimally invasive management. This section focuses on intraoperative pulmonary artery and vein injuries, major airway injuries and transections, injuries to major abdominal organs and effects of carbon dioxide insufflation …

Predictors Of Pneumococcal Carriage And The Effect Of The 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination In The Western Australian Aboriginal Population, Deirdre A. Collins, Anke Hoskins, Thomas Snelling, Kalpani Senasinghe, Jacinta Bowman, Natalie A. Stemberger, Amanda J. Leach, Deborah Lehmann

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal people in 2001. PCV13 replaced PCV7 in July 2011, covering six additional pneumococcal serotypes; however, IPD rates remained high in Aboriginal people in WA. Upper respiratory tract pneumococcal carriage can precede IPD, and PCVs alter serotype distribution.

Methods

To assess the impact of PCV13 introduction, identify emerging serotypes, and assess risk factors for carriage, nasopharyngeal swabs and information on demographic characteristics, health, medication and living conditions from Aboriginal children and adults across WA from August 2008 to November 2014 were …

Assessing Survival And Grading The Severity Of Complications In Octogenarians Undergoing Pulmonary Lobectomy., Andrew Feczko, Elizabeth Mckeown, Jennifer L Wilson, Brian E Louie, Ralph W Aye, Jed A Gorden, Eric Vallières, Alexander S Farivar

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Are Five Sessions Of Individual Based Art Therapy Effective In Reducing Emotional Problems In Swedish Women With Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Radiation Therapy?, Sarah C. Hayes

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Are five sessions of individual based art therapy effective in reducing emotional problems in Swedish women with nonmetastatic breast cancer receiving radiation therapy?”

STUDY DESIGN: This review is based on three randomized control studies, two which were published in 2009 and one that was published in 2006.

DATA SOURCES: All articles used were published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, and found using PubMed, Ebscohost, and Cochrane Review databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: For all studies, factors pertaining to emotional problems were measured through self-assessment questionnaires.

RESULTS: …

Does Using Music Therapy Improve Levels Of Perceived Dyspnea In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd)?, Jessica Duong

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective systematic review is to determine whether or not “Does using music therapy improve levels of perceived dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three studies published in English between 2003 to 2009. Studies included two randomized controlled trials and one controlled crossover design trial.

DATA SOURCES: Three trials analyzing the utilization of music therapy and the effects on dyspnea in COPD were found via PubMed.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: The outcome measured was level of perceived dyspnea via Visual Analogue Dyspnea Scales (VADS), Basal Dyspnea Index, …

The Association Between High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy And Intubation In Acute Respiratory Failure Patients, A Single Center Retrospective Analysis, Patrick Nolan

DNP Projects

Background: High flow nasal cannula therapy is becoming a more common therapy in the adult population. Multiple studies have been conducted on the potential benefits of this therapy such as increased patient tolerance of the therapy, improved secretion clearance and the ability for providers to deliver a greater range of FiO2 settings at a wider range of flow rates. With the increasing utility of this therapy, the research for best practices, setting (FiO2 and LPM) and duration of therapy to guide clinicians is lacking.

Aim: 1) Does high flow nasal cannula therapy reduce the need for intubation or re-intubation in …

Tissue Factor Expression, Regulation, And Signaling In Human Airway Cells, Michael D. Davis

Theses and Dissertations

Rationale: Tissue Factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that canonically functions as the initiator of the coagulation cascade. Increased levels of TF have been associated with inflammatory airway diseases. Since lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to elicit and inflammatory response in airway epithelium, we hypothesized that airway epithelial cells release TF when exposed to LPS. Since TF aids in local wound healing, we also hypothesized that inhibition of TF would decrease NHBE growth. The specific aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of LPS exposure on TF production and release from airway epithelia and determine the signaling pathways involved. …