Pulmonology Commons^™

Genetics And Genomics Of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Charting The Molecular Landscape And Shaping Precision Medicine, Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Jonathan A Kropski, Juergen Behr, Timothy S Blackwell, Tamera J Corte, Vincent Cottin, Allan R Glanville, Marilyn K Glassberg, Matthias Griese, Gary M Hunninghake, Kerri A Johannson, Michael P Keane, John S Kim, Martin Kolb, Toby M Maher, Justin M Oldham, Anna J Podolanczuk, Ivan O Rosas, Fernando J Martinez, Imre Noth, David A Schwartz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Recent genetic and genomic advancements have elucidated the complex etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), emphasizing the contribution of heritable factors. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes evidence on significant genetic contributors to pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including rare genetic variants and common SNPs. The MUC5B promoter variant is unusual, a common SNP that markedly elevates the risk of early and established PF. We address the utility of genetic variation in enhancing understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes, improving disease definitions, and informing prognosis and treatment response. Critical research gaps are highlighted, particularly the …

Effects Of E-Cigarettes On The Lung And Systemic Metabolome In People With Hiv, Aline Zaparte, Courtney J. Christopher, Connie Arnold, Lauren Richey, Adairre Castille, Kyle Mistretta, Christopher M. Taylor, Huiyi Lin, Steve Nelson, John P. Kirwan, John W. Apolzan, Shawn R. Campagna, David A. Welsh

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The popularity of e-cigarettes (vaping) has soared, creating a public health crisis among teens and young adults. Chronic vaping can induce gut inflammation and reduce intestinal barrier function through the production of the proinflammatory molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This is particularly concerning for people with HIV (PWH) as they already face impaired immune function and are at a higher risk for metabolic dysregulation, diabetes, and chronic liver disease. Furthermore, PWH experience unhealthy behaviors, making it crucial to understand the systemic metabolic dysregulation and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with vaping in this population. Here, we employed liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics to …

Gastrocnemius Electrical Stimulation Increases Ankle Dorsiflexion Strength In Patients With Post-Acute Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2 (Pasc): A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Myeounggon Lee, Alejandro Zulbaran-Rojas, Miguel Bargas-Ochoa, Bernardo Martinez-Leal, Rasha Bara, Areli Flores-Camargo, M G Finco, Ram Kinker Mishra, Jaewon Beom, Dipaben Modi, Fidaa Shaib, Bijan Najafi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Post-Acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a multisystem disorder causing persistent musculoskeletal deconditioning and reduced lower extremity strength. Electrical stimulation (E-Stim) to the gastrocnemius muscle can enhance strength outcomes by increasing the frequency of muscle fiber activation. We investigated its effect on individuals with PASC. Participants were randomized into intervention (IG) or control (CG) groups. The IG self-administered daily one-hour E-Stim to both their gastrocnemius muscles using a functional device over 4-week, while the CG used a sham device. Primary outcomes were ankle dorsiflexion strength assessed via dynamometry during maximum voluntary contractions, and gastrocnemius voluntary activation (GVA) via surface electromyography. …

High All-Cause Mortality And Increasing Proportion Of Older Adults With Tuberculosis In Texas, 2008–2020, Belinda A Medrano, Miryoung Lee, Gretchen Gemeinhardt, Lana Yamba, Blanca I Restrepo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) elimination efforts must consider the global growth of the ageing population. Here we used TB surveillance data from Texas, United States (2008-2020; total n = 10656) to identify unique characteristics and outcomes in older adults (OA, ≥65 years) with PTB, compared to young adults (YA, 18-39 years) or middle-aged adults (40-64 years). We found that the proportion of OA with PTB increased from 15% in 2008 to 24% in 2020 (trend p < 0.05). Diabetes was highly prevalent in OA (32%) but not associated with adverse outcomes. Death was 13-fold higher in OA compared to YA and was 7% at the time of diagnosis which suggests diagnostic delays. However, once TB was suspected, we found no differences in culture, smear, or nucleic acid detection of mycobacteria (although less lung cavitations) in OA. During treatment, OA had less drug-resistant TB, few adverse reactions and adhered with TB treatment. We recommend training healthcare workers to 'think TB' in OA, for prompt treatment initiation to diminish deaths. Furthermore, OA should be added as a priority group to the latent TB treatment guidelines by the World Health Organization, to prevent TB disease in this highly vulnerable group.

A Case Study On The Effects Of Pregnancy On Expiratory Flow Limitation (Efl) And Operating Lung Volumes During Exercise, Hannah Young

Masters Theses, 2020-current

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pregnancy on expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and operating lung volumes (end expiratory lung volume and end inspiratory lung volume; EELV and EILV) during exercise, with an exploratory aim to assess differences in the above measures between exercise modalities. EFL has been shown to occur in several other subgroups but has never been studied in pregnant individuals. We followed one 35-year-old pregnant subject throughout her pregnancy, completing exercise and pulmonary testing every other week from 8 weeks gestation to 38 weeks gestation, and once again ~8 weeks postpartum. Testing was …

Evaluating The Association Of Influenza Vaccination On Long-Term Covid-19 Symptoms In U.S. Adults, Ratnakar Pingili

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Objective. To evaluate the association of influenza vaccination in the past 12 months with Long COVID effects and clinical and sociodemographic factors.

Methods. Cross-sectional study with data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), covering 415,132 non-institutionalized U.S. adults with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and influenza vaccination reported within the last 12 months. Logistic regression was conducted between influenza vaccination (exposure) and Long COVID (outcome), controlling for demographic variables, pre-existing health conditions, and socioeconomic status.

Results. Of 120,603 participants, 21.89% reported Long COVID symptoms and 42.04% had received an influenza vaccine. Findings indicate a statistically significant 13% reduction …

Proteomic Biomarkers Of Quantitative Interstitial Abnormalities In Copdgene And Cardia Lung Study, Bina Choi, Gabrielle Y Liu, Quanhu Sheng, Kaushik Amancherla, Andrew Perry, Xiaoning Huang, Ruben San José Estépar, Samuel Y Ash, Weihua Guan, David R Jacobs, Fernando J Martinez, Ivan O Rosas, Russell P Bowler, Jonathan A Kropski, Nicholas E Banovich, Sadiya S Khan, Raúl San José Estépar, Ravi Shah, Bharat Thyagarajan, Ravi Kalhan, George R Washko

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rationale: Quantitative interstitial abnormalities (QIAs) are early measures of lung injury automatically detected on chest computed tomography scans. QIAs are associated with impaired respiratory health and share features with advanced lung diseases, but their biological underpinnings are not well understood. Objectives: To identify novel protein biomarkers of QIAs using high-throughput plasma proteomic panels within two multicenter cohorts.

Methods: We measured the plasma proteomics of 4,383 participants in an older, ever-smoker cohort (COPDGene [Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]) and 2,925 participants in a younger population cohort (CARDIA [Coronary Artery Disease Risk in Young Adults]) using the SomaLogic SomaScan assays. …

Educating Nurses On Frequent Oral Care For Mechanically Ventilated Patients: An Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal, Grace Alford, Susan Butz, Ruth Chavez, Joy Shoemaker

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

The final scholarly project proposal is to implement oral care education for nurses in an intensive care unit (ICU). The proposal aims to create a guideline for an investigator to implement oral care recommendations for mechanically ventilated patients in order to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The proposal consists of obtaining VAP data and oral care charting data for the unit studied, steps for providing oral care education, and analysis recommendations. Oral care involves swabbing the patient’s mouth every two hours with a swab and mouthwash. Oral care education would include handouts and direct teaching. The proposal aims to increase oral …

Latent Tb Treatment Regimens In 2023: Wetmore Tb Clinic In New Orleans, Amy Wolfe, Priyanka Jadhav, Amber May, Shandrica Seymour, Angela Blanchard, Juzar Ali

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The USPSTF has updated Latent TB Infection (LTBI) screening and treatment recommendations in 2023; describing treatment courses, side effects and benefits associated with each regimen. Overall, rifampin-containing shortened regimens are the preferred modality for LTBI treatment. A recent study in 2023 evaluated adherence and tolerance of the isoniazid(INH) + rifapentine(RPT), or “3HP” regimen and identified patient groups that may be at higher risk for non-completion of this regimen. It emphasized the need for targeted education at the beginning of treatment, to avoid early discontinuation. Our experience in New Orleans demonstrated that the 3HP is well-tolerated, with higher completion rates than …

Clearing The Air: Innovations In Imaging For Early Detection And Management Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Francesca Polverino

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Alveolar Epithelial Cell Dysfunction In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Linked To Lipid Alterations: Therapeutic Implications, Francesca Polverino, Ana Mora

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Risk Of 30-Day All-Cause Readmission In Interstitial Lung Disease Patients After Covid-19: National-Level Data, Ali Vaeli Zadeh, Roshan Dinparastisaleh, Atefeh Vaezi, Debabrata Bandyopadhyay, Israel Rubinstein, Hassan Z Baig, Rafael Calderon-Candelario, Abdolrazagh Hashemi Shahraki, Takeshi Kawasaki, Jesper M Magnusson, Lars-Olof Larsson, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Jose D Herazo-Maya, Augustine S Lee, Mehdi Mirsaeidi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rationale

Hospital readmission within 30 days poses challenges for healthcare providers, policymakers, and patients because of its impact on care quality, costs, and outcomes. Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are particularly affected by readmission, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. Because small sample sizes have hindered previous studies, this study seeks to address this gap in knowledge by examining a large-scale dataset.

Objective: To determine the rate and probability of 30-day all-cause readmission and secondary outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or ILD admitted to the hospital.

Methods

This study is …

Clonal Gene Signatures Predict Prognosis In Mesothelioma And Lung Adenocarcinoma, Yupei Lin, Bryan M Burt, Hyun-Sung Lee, Thinh T Nguyen, Hee-Jin Jang, Claire Lee, Wei Hong, Robert Taylor Ripley, Christopher I Amos, Chao Cheng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but lethal pleural cancer with high intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). A recent study in lung adenocarcinoma has developed a clonal gene signature (ORACLE) from multiregional transcriptomic data and demonstrated high prognostic values and reproducibility. However, such a strategy has not been tested in other types of cancer with high ITH. We aimed to identify biomarkers from multi-regional data to prognostically stratify MPM patients. We generated a multiregional RNA-seq dataset for 78 tumor samples obtained from 26 MPM patients, each with one sample collected from a superior, lateral, and inferior region of the tumor. By …

Covid-19 Hospital Mortality Among Patients With Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Comparison Between Public And Private Healthcare Services In San Luis Potosí 2020–2022, María E. Torres-Acosta, Rocío M. Cubos-Moncada, Alan Y. Martínez-Castellanos

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: During 2019, México’s total public spending on health was 5.43% of the national gross domestic product, making it one of the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development that invested the least in developing public health systems. This study analyzes hospital mortality among intubated patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 according to type of institution in San Luis Potosí, México, from March 18, 2020, to April 7, 2022.

Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of publicly available information about mortality among intubated patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with respect to the type of hospitalization institution.

Results: …

Chronic Respiratory Symptoms Following Deployment-Related Occupational And Environmental Exposures Among Us Veterans, Eric Garshick, Carrie A Redlich, Anna Korpak, Andrew K Timmons, Nicholas L Smith, Karen Nakayama, Coleen P Baird, Paul Ciminera, Farrah Kheradmand, Vincent S Fan, Jaime E Hart, Petros Koutrakis, Ware Kuschner, Octavian Ioachimescu, Michael Jerrett, Phillipe R Montgrain, Susan P Proctor, Emily S Wan, Christine H Wendt, Cherry Wongtrakool, Paul D Blanc

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Characterise inhalational exposures during deployment to Afghanistan and Southwest Asia and associations with postdeployment respiratory symptoms.

Methods: Participants (n=1960) in this cross-sectional study of US Veterans (Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 'Service and Health Among Deployed Veterans') completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire regarding 32 deployment exposures, grouped a priori into six categories: burn pit smoke; other combustion sources; engine exhaust; mechanical and desert dusts; toxicants; and military job-related vapours gas, dusts or fumes (VGDF). Responses were scored ordinally (0, 1, 2) according to exposure frequency. Factor analysis supported item reduction and category consolidation yielding 28 exposure items in 5 categories. Generalised …

Fibroblast Heterogeneity In Pulmonary Fibrosis: A New Target For Therapeutics Development?, Konstantin Tsoyi, Ivan O Rosas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Short Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Telomere Length In Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease, Tracy J Doyle, Pierre-Antoine Juge, Anna L Peljto, Seoyeon Lee, Avram D Walts, Anthony Joseph Esposito, Sergio Poli, Ritu Gill, Hiroto Hatabu, Mizuki Nishino, Paul F Dellaripa, Michael E Weinblatt, Nancy A Shadick, M Kristen Demoruelle, Jeffrey A Sparks, Ivan O Rosas, Benjamin Granger, Kevin D Deane, Bruno Crestani, Paul J Wolters, Philippe Dieudé, Joyce S Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Shortened telomere lengths (TLs) can be caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms and loss-of-function mutations in telomere-related genes (TRG), as well as ageing and lifestyle factors such as smoking. Our objective was to determine if shortened TL is associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This is the largest study to demonstrate and replicate that shortened peripheral blood leukocytes-TL is associated with ILD in patients with RA compared with RA without ILD in a multinational cohort, and short PBL-TL was associated with baseline disease severity in RA-ILD as measured by forced vital capacity percent predicted.

Portable Air Purifiers To Mitigate The Harms Of Wildfire Smoke For People With Asthma, Tianshi David Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Prevalence And Patterns Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Young Hypertensive Patients, *Raghu V S R Tanuku Dr., Major Venkata Shree Krishna Dr., Sreedhar Tanuku Dr

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Hypertension ranks among the top ten causes of mortality, with around 4% attributed to hypertensive complications. High salt intake, Type 2 diabetes, smoking, elevated serum lipids, a sedentary lifestyle, a diet heavy in saturated fat, genetic predisposition, as well as stress are among the factors that contribute to hypertension. Hypertension affects about 1 billion people worldwide, with considerable differences between populations and ethnic groups [2]. The Framingham Heart Study indicates that a person's lifetime risk of developing hypertension is 90% if they are normotensive at age 55. According to the NHANES IV (4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), the …

Achieving Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, And Anesthesia (Sota) Care For All In South Asia, Siddhesh Zadey, Shirish Rao, Isha Gondi, Natalie Sheneman, Chaitrali Patil, Anveshi Nayan, Himanshu Iyer, Arti Raj Kumar, Arun Prasad, G Allen Finley, Chellapuram Raja Krishna Prasad, Chintamani, Dhananjaya Sharma, Dhruva Ghosh, Gnanaraj Jesudian, Irum Fatima, Jogi Pattisapu, Justin Sangwook Ko, Lovenish Bains, Mashal Shah, Mohammed Shadrul Alam, Narmada Hadigal, Naveen Malhotra, Nilmini Wijesuriya, Prateek Shukla, Sadaf Khan, Sunil Pandya, Tariq Khan, Tashi Tenzin, Venkat Raja Hadiga, Daniel Peterson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

South Asia is a demographically crucial, economically aspiring, and socio-culturally diverse region in the world. The region contributes to a large burden of surgically-treatable disease conditions. A large number of people in South Asia cannot access safe and affordable surgical, obstetric, trauma, and anesthesia (SOTA) care when in need. Yet, attention to the region in Global Surgery and Global Health is limited. Here, we assess the status of SOTA care in South Asia. We summarize the evidence on SOTA care indicators and planning. Region-wide, as well as country-specific challenges are highlighted. We also discuss potential directions-initiatives and innovations-toward addressing these …

Effects Of Covid-19 On Sleep Services Use And Its Recovery, Amin Ramezani, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Ahmed S Bahammam, Samuel T Kuna, Javad Razjouyan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the utilization of various healthcare services differentially. Sleep testing services utilization (STU), including Home Sleep Apnea Testing (HSAT) and Polysomnography (PSG), were uniquely affected. We assessed the effects of the pandemic on STU and its recovery using the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study from the VHA between 01/2019 and 10/2023 of veterans with age ≥ 50. We extracted STU data using Current Procedural Terminology codes for five periods based on STU and vaccination status: pre-pandemic (Pre-Pan), pandemic sleep test moratorium (Pan-Mor), and pandemic pre-vaccination (Pan-Pre-Vax), vaccination (Pan-Vax), and …

Early Immune Factors Associated With The Development Of Post-Acute Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Hospitalized And Non-Hospitalized Individuals, Jacqueline M Leung, Michelle J Wu, Pouya Kheradpour, Chen Chen, Katherine A Drake, Gary Tong, Vanessa K Ridaura, Howard C Zisser, William A Conrad, Natalia Hudson, Jared Allen, Christopher Welberry, Celine Parsy-Kowalska, Isabel Macdonald, Victor F Tapson, James N Moy, Christopher R Defilippi, Ivan O Rosas, Mujeeb Basit, Jerry A Krishnan, Sairam Parthasarathy, Bellur S Prabhakar, Mirella Salvatore, Charles C Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that can persist for weeks to years following initial viral infection. Clinical manifestations of PASC are heterogeneous and often involve multiple organs. While many hypotheses have been made on the mechanisms of PASC and its associated symptoms, the acute biological drivers of PASC are still unknown.

METHODS: We enrolled 494 patients with COVID-19 at their initial presentation to a hospital or clinic and followed them longitudinally to determine their development of PASC. From 341 patients, we conducted multi-omic profiling on peripheral blood …

Corrigendum To “Phenotypes Of Disease Severity In A Cohort Of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients: Results From The Impacc Study” [Ebiomedicine 83 (2022) 104208], Al Ozonoff, Joanna Schaenman, Naresh Doni Jayavelu, Carly E Milliren, Carolyn S Calfee, Charles B Cairns, Monica Kraft, Lindsey R Baden, Albert C Shaw, Florian Krammer, Harm Van Bakel, Denise A Esserman, Shanshan Liu, Ana Fernandez Sesma, Viviana Simon, David A Hafler, Ruth R Montgomery, Steven H Kleinstein, Ofer Levy, Chris Bime, Elias K Haddad, David J Erle, Bali Pulendran, Kari C Nadeau, Mark M Davis, Catherine L Hough, William B Messer, Nelson I Agudelo Higuita, Jordan P Metcalf, Mark A Atkinson, Scott C Brakenridge, David Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Lauren I R Ehrlich, Esther Melamed, Grace A Mccomsey, Rafick Sekaly, Joann Diray-Arce, Bjoern Peters, Alison D Augustine, Elaine F Reed, Matthew C Altman, Patrice M Becker, Nadine Rouphael, Impacc Study Group Members

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Metabolic Dysfunction, Triglyceride-Glucose Index, And Risk Of Severe Asthma Exacerbation, Kristen A Staggers, Charles Minard, Michelle Byers, Drew A Helmer, Tianshi David Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Metabolic conditions may worsen asthma. There is a need to define a composite biomarker of metabolic dysfunction that has relevance to asthma outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), a biomarker of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, with risk of severe asthma exacerbation.

METHODS: A 5-year retrospective cohort of patients with asthma receiving health care from the US Veterans Health Administration from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, was constructed. Fasting TyG values were extracted. Patients were followed for a severe asthma exacerbation, defined as an asthma-related corticosteroid prescription fill or an emergency encounter …

Pulmonary Specialist-Supported Health Coaching Delivered By Lay Personnel Improves Receipt Of Quality Care For Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Rachel Willard-Grace, Danielle Hessler, Beatrice Huang, Denise Devore, Chris Chirinos, Jessica Wolf, Devon Low, Chris Garvey, Doranne Donesky, Stephanie Tsao, David H. Thom, George Su

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Half of people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) do not receive high-quality, evidenced-based care as described in international guidelines. We conducted secondary data analysis of a previously published study to assess the ability of a model of lay health coaching to improve provision of guideline-based care in a primary care setting.

Methods: As part of a randomized controlled trial, we recruited English- and Spanish-speaking patients with moderate to severe COPD from primary care clinics serving a low-income, predominantly African American population. Participants were randomized to receive usual care or 9 months of health coaching from primary care …

Sex And Gender In Copd And Asthma, Joan B Soriano, Francesca Polverino

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

A Myeloid Program Associated With Covid-19 Severity Is Decreased By Therapeutic Blockade Of Il-6 Signaling, Jason A Hackney, Haridha Shivram, Jason Vander Heiden, Chris Overall, Luz Orozco, Xia Gao, Eugene Kim, Nathan West, Aditi Qamra, Diana Chang, Arindam Chakrabarti, David F Choy, Alexis J Combes, Tristan Courau, Gabriela K Fragiadakis, Arjun Arkal Rao, Arja Ray, Jessica Tsui, Kenneth Hu, Nicholas F Kuhn, Matthew F Krummel, David J Erle, Kirsten Kangelaris, Aartik Sarma, Zoe Lyon, Carolyn S Calfee, Prescott G Woodruff, Rajani Ghale, Eran Mick, Ashley Byrne, Beth Shoshana Zha, Charles Langelier, Carolyn M Hendrickson, Monique G P Van Der Wijst, George C Hartoularos, Tianna Grant, Raymund Bueno, David S Lee, John R Greenland, Yang Sun, Richard Perez, Anton Ogorodnikov, Alyssa Ward, Chun Jimmie Ye, Thiru Ramalingam, Jacqueline M Mcbride, Fang Cai, Anastasia Teterina, Min Bao, Larry Tsai, Ivan O Rosas, Aviv Regev, Sharookh B Kapadia, Rebecca N Bauer, Carrie M Rosenberger

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Altered myeloid inflammation and lymphopenia are hallmarks of severe infections. We identified the upregulated EN-RAGE gene program in airway and blood myeloid cells from patients with acute lung injury from SARS-CoV-2 or other causes across 7 cohorts. This program was associated with greater clinical severity and predicted future mechanical ventilation and death. EN-RAGEhi myeloid cells express features consistent with suppressor cell functionality, including low HLA-DR and high PD-L1. Sustained EN-RAGE program expression in airway and blood myeloid cells correlated with clinical severity and increasing expression of T cell dysfunction markers. IL-6 upregulated many EN-RAGE program genes in monocytes in vitro. …

Heritable Traits And Lung Cancer Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study, Rowland W Pettit, Jinyoung Byun, Younghun Han, Quinn T Ostrom, Cristian Coarfa, Melissa L Bondy, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is a complex polygenic disorder. Analysis with Mendelian randomization (MR) allows for genetically predicted risks to be estimated between exposures and outcomes.

METHODS: We analyzed 345 heritable traits from the United Kingdom Biobank and estimated their associated effects on lung cancer outcomes using two sample MR. In addition to estimating effects with overall lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancer, and squamous cell lung cancers, we performed conditional effect modeling with multivariate MR (MVMR) and the traits of alcohol use, smoking initiation, average pre-tax income, and educational attainment.

RESULTS: Univariate MR provided evidence for increased age at …

The Philadelphia Lung Cancer Learning Community: A Multi-Health-System, Citywide Approach To Lung Cancer Screening, Julie A. Barta, Cherie P. Erkmen, Christine S. Shusted, Ronald E. Myers, Chelsea Saia, Sarah Cohen, Jocelyn Wainwright, Charnita Zeigler-Johnson, Farouk Dako, Richard Wender, Gregory C. Kane, Anil Vachani, Katharine A. Rendle

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

Background

Lung cancer screening uptake for individuals at high risk is generally low across the United States, and reporting of lung cancer screening practices and outcomes is often limited to single hospitals or institutions. We describe a citywide, multicenter analysis of individuals receiving lung cancer screening integrated with geospatial analyses of neighborhood-level lung cancer risk factors. Methods

The Philadelphia Lung Cancer Learning Community consists of lung cancer screening clinicians and researchers at the 3 largest health systems in the city. This multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team identified a Philadelphia Lung Cancer Learning Community study cohort that included 11 222 Philadelphia residents who …

Association Between Duration Of Smoking Abstinence Before Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis And Survival: A Retrospective, Pooled Analysis Of Cohort Studies, Aline F Fares, Yao Li, Mei Jiang, M Catherine Brown, Andrew C L Lam, Reenika Aggarwal, Sabine Schmid, Natasha B Leighl, Frances A Shepherd, Zhichao Wang, Nancy Diao, Angela S Wenzlaff, Juntao Xie, Takashi Kohno, Neil E Caporaso, Curtis Harris, Hongxia Ma, Matthew J Barnett, Leticia Ferro Leal, G Fernandez-Tardon, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Michael P A Davies, Fiona Taylor, Ben Schöttker, Paul Brennan, David Zaridze, Ivana Holcatova, Jolanta Lissowska, Beata Świątkowska, Dana Mates, Milan Savic, Hermann Brenner, Angeline Andrew, Angela Cox, John K Field, Alberto Ruano-Ravina, Sanjay S Shete, Adonina Tardon, Ying Wang, Loic Le Marchand, Rui Manuel Reis, Matthew B Schabath, Chu Chen, Hongbing Shen, Brid M Ryan, Maria Teresa Landi, Kouya Shiraishi, Jie Zhang, Ann G Schwartz, Ming S Tsao, David C Christiani, Ping Yang, Rayjean J Hung, Wei Xu, Geoffrey Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The association between duration of smoking abstinence before non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and subsequent survival can influence public health messaging delivered in lung-cancer screening. We aimed to assess whether the duration of smoking abstinence before diagnosis of NSCLC is associated with improved survival.

METHODS: In this retrospective, pooled analysis of cohort studies, we used 26 cohorts participating in Clinical Outcomes Studies of the International Lung Cancer Consortium (COS-ILCCO) at 23 hospitals. 16 (62%) were from North America, six (23%) were from Europe, three (12%) were from Asia, and one (4%) was from South America. Patients enrolled were diagnosed …