Pediatrics Commons^™

United States: Mental Health Issues In An Adolescent Medicine Clinic Patient Population, Abdel Salous, Linah Al-Alem, Hatim A. Omar

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

The correlation between exposure to forms of violence and development of mental disorders in victims is well established. The purpose of this chapter was to identify mental health problems in an adolescent medicine clinic population in Lexington, Kentucky and to investigate potential correlation of mental disorders with psychosocial factors. Data were gathered from the charts of 169 adolescent clinic patients (age 10-22) seen in the clinic for mental health care and analyzed using Excel. Of the patient population, 68% were urban, whereas 32% were rural. In terms of gender, 40% of the patients were male and 60% were female, 80% …

Internet Addiction, Media Use, And Difficulties Associated With Sleeping In Adolescents, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The objective of this review article is to summarize the current literature regarding Internet addiction; media use, and sleep disruption in adolescents. Design: Systematic review of current literature. Methods: The data was obtained through literature review of articles published in the last 10 years. Conclusion: Internet addiction and media use have the power to have great influence over the sleep of children and adolescents and it is important to take advantage of the positive effects of media while minimizing the potentially negative, but severe, consequence of sleep disruption.

Cyberbullying: A Brief Review, Amy L. Burnett, John A. Yozwiak, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The objective of this review is to summarize the prevalence of Internet use among the adolescent population and the growing threat of cyberbullying. This manuscript also addresses the difference between cyberbullying and traditional bullying and the negative psychological effects that result from cyberbullying. Important intervention and prevention strategies for parents and school officials are noted as well.

Commentary On "The Motor Learning Strategy Instrument: Interrater Reliability Within Usual And Virtual Reality Physical Therapy Interventions", Karen M. Kott, Sharon Held

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (Bnp): A Potential Biomarker For Extubation Failure In Infants Following Cardiac Surgery, Jennifer Flint, Lori Erickson, Dawn Tucker, Erica Molitor-Kirsch

Posters

Background: BNP is a hormone released from the cardiac ventricles in response to increased pressure and volume overload1 and is an important biomarker in heart failure. Following congenital heart surgery, elevated BNP levels correlate with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, low cardiac output syndrome, and increased ICU length of stay2-4 Mechanical ventilation (MV) has an exaggerated impact on cardiopulmonary interactions in children with myocardial dysfunction, and extubation readiness can be difficult to determine post-operatively following congenital heart surgery.

Hypothesis: An increase in post-extubation BNP levels can predict extubation failure and the need for reintubation within 48 hours.

Methods:

Design: prospective, …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Being Bullied Among In-School Adolescents In Malawi: Results From The 2009 Global School-Based Health Survey, H.W. Kubwalo, A.S. Muula, S. Siziya, S. Pasupulati, E. Rudatsikira

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Physical and emotional violence against adolescents is a neglected, but growing problem globally. Violence against adolescents negatively affects the victim in terms of physical health, school attendance and performance and social adjustment. The literature on the prevalence and associated factors of bullying against adolescents is sparse in southern Africa outside South Africa. Such data are even sparser for Malawi. The current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of self-reported bullying and its personal and social correlates.

Methods

A secondary analysis of the Malawi School-Based Student Health Survey (2009) was done. Descriptive analyses were done to describe the sample …

Optimizing Atraumatic Emergency Care In Child Sexual Abuse, Kristen A. Morris

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Child sexual abuse has been identified as a common problem. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, in 2010 it was estimated that child victims of sexual abuse accounted for 9.2% (69,368) of the 573,794 children under the age of 12 years who were the victims of maltreatment. The emergency department (ED) is often the point of entry into the healthcare system for child sexual abuse victims, which adds to the resource burden of this department nationwide. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to develop a best-practice screening tool for medical providers to guide the …

Achieving Meaningful Medical Student Evaluations Through A Clinical Encounter Card, Liborio Larussa Md, Kris Rooney Md

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Nutritional Status Of Orphaned And Separated Children And Adolescents Living In Community And Institutional Environments In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, Paula Braitstein, Samuel Ayaya, Winstone M. Nyandiko, Allan Kamanda, Julius Koech, Peter Gisore, Lukoye Atwoli, Rachel C. Vreeman, Corey Duefield, David O. Ayuku

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Objective: To describe the nutritional status of orphaned and separated children and adolescents (OSCA) living in households in the community (HH), on the street, and those in institutional environments in western Kenya. Methods: The study enrolled OSCA from 300 randomly selected households (HH), 19 Charitable Children’s Institutions(CCIs), and 100 street-involved children. Measures of malnutrition were standardized with Z-scores using World Health Organization criteria; Z-scores #-2 standard deviations (sd) were moderate-severe malnutrition. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for child age, sex, HIV status, whether the child had been hospitalized in theprevious year, time living with current guardian, and …

Is Topiramate Effective In Preventing Pediatric Migraines?, Krystina Zeliff

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Topiramate is effective in the prevention of pediatric migraines.
Study Design: Review of three English language randomized control trials published in 2005, 2007, and 2009.

DATA SOURCES: Three double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials comparing various doses of Topiramate to placebo were found using PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane Library databases.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: The frequency of migraines in patients under the age of 18 years old was documented with headache diaries. The patient’s parent would record the number, severity, duration, associated symptoms, and use of acute …

Does Parent And Therapist Delivered Qigong Massage Therapy Decrease Sensory And Self-Regulation Impairments In Children Ages 3-6 Years Old With Autism?, Lisa A. White

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not parent and therapist delivered Qigong massage therapy decreases sensory and self-regulation impairments in children ages 3-6 years old with autism.

STUDY DESIGN: Reviewed three English primary studies published in 2005, 2009 and 2011.

DATA SOURCES: All studies were randomized controlled trials that compared a group of children with autism who received Qigong massage treatments to a controlled group of children with autism who did not receive the treatments. All studies were found using PubMED and Cochrane research databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Overall reduction …

Does Neonatal Massage Lead To Reduced Stress Behavior In Medically Stable Preterm Infants In The Nicu?, Sarah E. Werner

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not neonatal massage leads to reduced stress behavior in medically stable preterm infants in the NICU.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in 1996, 2005 and 2007.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized control trials comparing stress behavior in preterm infants receiving massage to a control group that did not receive massage were found using PubMed and Medline databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Researcher recorded stress behavior as behavioral distress activity and motor activity via direct observations and a time sampling method. Motor …

Development Of Frataxin Gene Expression Measures For The Evaluation Of Experimental Treatments In Friedreich's Ataxia., Heather L Plasterer, Eric C Deutsch, Matthew Belmonte, Elizabeth Egan, David R Lynch, James R Rusche

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Friedreich ataxia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by GAA triplet repeat expansions or point mutations in the FXN gene and, ultimately, a deficiency in the levels of functional frataxin protein. Heterozygous carriers of the expansion express approximately 50% of normal frataxin levels yet manifest no clinical symptoms, suggesting that therapeutic approaches that increase frataxin may be effective even if frataxin is raised only to carrier levels. Small molecule HDAC inhibitor compounds increase frataxin mRNA and protein levels, and have beneficial effects in animal models of FRDA.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To gather data supporting the use of frataxin as a …

Snap-Ed New Mexico Social Marketing Project Phase Ii Report, Sally M. Davis, Glenda Canaca, Jose Canaca, Mary Hanrahan, Julia Meredith Hess, Danielle P. Parker

Reports & Documents

The SNAP-Ed New Mexico Social Marketing Project is a multiphase study that explores how the core nutrition messages developed by FNS and its collaborators are received by people of Hispanic-origin, particularly those of Mexican or Mexican-American descent. The objective of the SNAP-Ed New Mexico Social Marketing Project is to create culturally appropriate nutrition education messages in Spanish and implement a multi-level social marketing intervention to increase fruit, vegetable, whole grain, and low-fat and fat-free dairy consumption.

A Study To Evaluate The Acceptability, Feasibility And Impact Of Packaged Interventions (“Diarrhea Pack”) For Prevention And Treatment Of Childhood Diarrhea In Rural Pakistan, Atif Habib, Sajid Soofi, Kamran Sadiq, Tariq Samejo, Musawar Hussain, Mushtaq Mirani, Asmatullah Rehmatullah, Imran Ahmed, Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diarrhea remains one of the leading public health issues in developing countries and is a major contributor in morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Interventions such as ORS, Zinc, water purification and improved hygiene and sanitation can significantly reduce the diarrhea burden but their coverage remains low and has not been tested as packaged intervention before. This study attempts to evaluate the package of evidence based interventions in a “Diarrhea Pack” through first level health care providers at domiciliary level in community based settings. This study sought to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and impact of …

Role Of Human Metapneumovirus, Influenza A Virus And Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Causing Who-Defined Severe Pneumonia In Children In A Developing Country, Asad Ali, Asif Raza Khowaja, Maaman Zahoor Bashir, Fatima Aziz, Sultan Mustafa, Anita Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: The role of respiratory viruses in causing severe, life threatening pneumonia in children in developing countries is not well established. Our study aims to determine the role of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children, aged 6 weeks to 2 years, hospitalized with WHO defined severe pneumonia (tachypnea plus any general danger sign or chest in-drawing) at a public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: This study was conducted from November 2010 to September 2011 at Abbassi Shaheed Hospital, a large public tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Children admitted with WHO-defined severe …

Setting Research Priorities For Preconception Care In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: Aiming To Reduce Maternal And Child Mortality And Morbidity, Sohni Dean, Igor Rudan, Fernando Althabe, Aimee Webb Girard, Christopher Howson, Ana Langer, Joy Lawn, Mary-Elizabeth Reeve, Katherine C. Teela, Mireille Toledano

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Trends Of Empiric Antibiotic Usage In A Secondary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Syed Rehan Ali, Shakeel Ahmed, Heeramani Lohana

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objectives: (1) To determine the indications, frequency, and types of antibiotics used in hospitalized paediatric patients at tertiary care hospital and (2) to evaluate whether the prescribed antibiotics were based on the isolation of organism and their sensitivity. Study Design: Descriptive observational hospital based study.
Results: A total of 131 patients were included over 6 months of study period, in whom antibiotics were prescribed at the time of admission. The majority were between 1 and 5 years of age. M:F ratio was 1:1. Fever was the commonest symptom (in 84% of cases) followed by gastroenteritis. Blood culture was done in …

Global Epidemiology Of Invasive Meningococcal Disease, Rabab Z. Jafri, Syed Asad Ali, Nancy E. Messonnier, Carol Tevi-Benissan, David Durrheim, Juhani Eskola, Florence Fermon, Keith P. Klugman, Mary Ramsay, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis globally and can also cause sepsis, pneumonia, and other manifestations. In countries with high endemic rates, the disease burden places an immense strain on the public health system. The worldwide epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) varies markedly by region and over time. This review summarizes the burden of IMD in different countries and identifies the highest-incidence countries where routine preventive programs against Neisseria meningitidis would be most beneficial in providing protection. Available epidemiological data from the past 20years in World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention …

Micronutrient Fortification Of Food And Its Impact On Woman And Child Health: A Systematic Review, Jai K. Das, Rehana A. Salam, Rohail Kumar, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Vitamins and minerals are essential for growth and metabolism. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 2 billion people are deficient in key vitamins and minerals. Groups most vulnerable to these micronutrient deficiencies are pregnant and lactating women and young children, given their increased demands. Food fortification is one of the strategies that has been used safely and effectively to prevent vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Methods: A comprehensive search was done to identify all available evidence for the impact of fortification interventions. Studies were included if food was fortified with a single, dual or multiple micronutrients and impact …

Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress : The Impact On Children, Parents And Staff, Sarah Mcgarry

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Burns are one of the most painful and traumatising injuries an individual can sustain and constitute a serious global health threat to children. Despite the magnitude of this public health problem, little research has examined the psychological burden of these injuries. This study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the effect of paediatric medical trauma on children who have sustained a burn, their parents and the healthcare professionals caring for these patients. The paediatric medical traumatic stress model provided a theoretical framework for this study.

Firstly, this study aimed to gain an understanding of the lived experience of children who …