Pediatrics Commons^™

Graduate Medical Education 2011-2012 Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

GME Annual Reports

Annual report of the Children's Mercy Hospital Graduate Medical Education department, including pediatric residency, internal medicine/pediatrics residency, fellowship programs, medical students, continuing medical education, and library services.

Residual Renal Function Calculated From Serum Cystatin C Measurements And Knowledge Of The Weekly Standard Kt/V Urea, Shih Han Huang, Guido Filler, Robert M. Lindsay

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Cardiac Failure Following Inadvertent Administration Of High-Dose Epinephrine Subcutaneously, Kim A. Tran, Douglas D. Fraser, Krista Hawrylyshyn, Kambiz Norozi

Paediatrics Publications

Our aim is to report the consequences of epinephrine toxicity leading to cardiac failure in a child and the successful management with dopamine and milrinone. A previously healthy 13-year-old girl undergoing a left tympanomastoidectomy was inadvertently administered 10 mL of 1:1000 epinephrine subcutaneously (0.175 mg/kg) on the left post auricular region in lieu of lidocaine. She developed sudden supraventricular tachycardia, hypertension and flash pulmonary edema. She was initially treated with propofol, nitrogycerin and increased peak end-expiratory pressure. Within 4 h, she remained tachycardic, but was hypotensive with an increased central venous pressure. Electrocardiogram and echocardiogram investigations showed ST changes indicative …

The Long And Short Of It: The Role Of Telomeres In Fetal Origins Of Adult Disease., Stephanie E Hallows, Timothy Regnault, Dean H Betts

Paediatrics Publications

Placental insufficiency, maternal malnutrition, and other causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can significantly affect short-term growth and long-term health. Following IUGR, there is an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes. The etiology of these diseases is beginning to be elucidated, and premature aging or cellular senescence through increased oxidative stress and DNA damage to telomeric ends may be initiators of these disease processes. This paper will explore the areas where telomere and telomerase biology can have significant effects on various tissues in the body in IUGR outcomes.

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2011, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Skeletal Manifestations Of Scurvy: A Case Report From Dubai, Shahryar Noordin, Naveed Baloch, Muhammad Sohail Salat, Abdul Rashid Memon, Tashfeen Ahmad

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Introduction: Nutritional deficiencies are rarely reported in developed countries. We report a child of Pakistani origin brought up in Dubai who developed skeletal manifestations of scurvy due to peculiar dietary habits.
Case Presentation: A 4.5 year old boy presented with pain and swelling of multiple joints for three months and inability to walk for two months. Dietary history was significant for exclusive meat intake for the preceding two years. On examination the child's height and weight were below the 5th percentile for his age. He was pale and tachycardic. There was significant swelling and tenderness over the wrist, knee and …

A Qualitative Study Using Traditional Community Assemblies To Investigate Community Perspectives On Informed Consent And Research Participation In Western Kenya, Rachel Vreeman, Eunice Kamaara, Allan Kamanda, David Ayuku, Winstone Nyandiko, Lukoye Atwoli, Samuel Ayaya, Peter Gisore, Michael Scanlon, Paula Braitstein

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: International collaborators face challenges in the design and implementation of ethical biomedical research. Evaluating community understanding of research and processes like informed consent may enable researchers to better protect research participants in a particular setting; however, there exist few studies examining community perspectives in health research, particularly in resource-limited settings, or strategies for engaging the community in research processes. Our goal was to inform ethical research practice in a biomedical research setting in western Kenya and similar resource-limited settings.

Methods: We sought to use mabaraza, traditional East African community assemblies, in a qualitative study to understand community perspectives on …

Community Perspectives On Research Consent Involving Vulnerable Children In Western Kenya, Rachel Vreeman, Eunice Kamaara, Allan Kamanda, David Ayuku, Winstone Nyandiko, Lukoye Atwoli, Samuel Ayaya, Peter Gisore, Michael Scanlon, Paula Braitstein

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Involving vulnerable pediatric populations in international research requires culturally appropriate ethical protections. We sought to use mabaraza, traditional East African community assemblies, to understand how a community in western Kenya viewed participation of children in health research and informed consent and assent processes. Results from 108 participants revealed generally positive attitudes towards involving vulnerable children in research, largely because they assumed children would directly benefit. Consent from parents or guardians was understood as necessary for participation while gaining child assent was not. They felt other caregivers,community leaders, and even community assemblies could participate in the consent process. Community members believed …

Nitric Oxide Metabolites As Biomarkers For Influenza-Like Acute Respiratory Infections Presenting To The Emergency Room, Asad Mian, Federico R Laham, Andrea T Cruz, Harsha Garg, Charles G Macias, A. Chantal Caviness, Pedro A Piedra

Department of Emergency Medicine

Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) is increased in the respiratory tract in pulmonary infections. The aim was to determine whether nasal wash NO metabolites could serve as biomarkers of viral pathogen and disease severity in children with influenza-like illness (ILI) presenting to the emergency department (ED) during the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic.
Methods: Children ≤18 years old presenting to the ED with ILI were eligible. Nasal wash specimens were tested for NO metabolites, nitrate and nitrite, by HPLC and for respiratory viruses by real-time PCR.
Results: Eighty-nine patients with ILI were prospectively enrolled during Oct-Dec, 2009. In the …

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Stds), Donald E. Greydanus, Jane Seyler, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

High rates of unprotected sexual behavior in adolescents result in millions of cases of STDs in the world. This chapter reviews factors inducing high STD rates, specific STDs, and their management based on 2010 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STD guidelines. Clinicians should screen all their sexually active adolescent patients for STDs and provide preventive education as well as treatment measures.

Perspective On Opportunities For Research And Interventions Provided By Community Based Health Information System Illustrated By The Potential Use Of Motivational Interviewing Intervention, Peter Gisore, F Were, D. Ayuku, D. Kaseje

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: With the growth of Community-Based Health Information (CBHIS) for decision making and service provision in the low income settings, innovative models of addressing Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) morbidity and mortality are necessary. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that five hundred thousand mothers and about three million newborns die each year in middle and low income countries.

Objectives: To stimulate interest in utilisation CBHIS for research and interventions, with an illustration of potential using on Motivational Interviewing intervention.

Data Source: Literature searched electronically, discussion with behavioural experts, health system researchers, and maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) experts, and book …

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children And Adolescents, George K. Siberry, Toni Frederick, Patricia Emmanuel, Mary E. Paul, Beverly Bohannon, Travis Wheeling, Theresa Barton, Mobeen H. Rathore, Kenneth L. Dominguez

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection incidence has increased in healthy US children. Our objective was to evaluate MRSA incidence and correlates in HIV-infected youth. Methods. The CDC-sponsored LEGACY study is a US multicenter chart abstraction study of HIV-infected youth. We identified MRSA infections among participants with ≥1 visit during 2006. We used bivariate and multivariable analyses to compare sociodemographic and HIV clinical factors between MRSA cases and noncases. Results. Fourteen MRSA infections (1 invasive, 12 soft tissue, 1 indeterminate) occurred among 1,813 subjects (11.1 infections/1,000 patient-years (PY), 95% CI: 11.06–11.14). Most (86%) isolates were clindamycin susceptible. …

Development And Characterization Of Anti-Nitr9 Antibodies, Radhika N. Shah, Ivan Rodriguez-Nunez, Donna D. Eason, Robert N. Haire, Julien Y. Bertrand, Valērie Wittamer, David Traver, Shila K. Nordone

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The novel immune-type receptors (NITRs), which have been described in numerous bony fish species, are encoded by multigene families of inhibitory and activating receptors and are predicted to be functional orthologs to the mammalian natural killer cell receptors (NKRs). Within the zebrafish NITR family, nitr9 is the only gene predicted to encode an activating receptor. However, alternative RNA splicing generates three distinct nitr9 transcripts, each of which encodes a different isoform. Although nitr9 transcripts have been detected in zebrafish lymphocytes, the specific hematopoietic lineage(s) that expresses Nitr9 remains to be determined. In an effort to better understand the role of …

Research Annual Report 2012, Children's Mercy Hospital

Research Annual Reports

Annual report of the research at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Contraception In Adolescents, Donald E. Greydanus, Carolyn M. Lentzsch-Parcells, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The age of adolescence is the time when most adolescents in the world begin to be sexually active with resultant millions of pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This chapter considers methods of contraception for these adolescents, including oral contraceptives, transdermal contraception, minipills, intra-vaginal ring, injectable contraception, intrauterine devices (IUDs), barrier contraceptives, implants, and others. It is important for clinicians caring for sexually active youth to provide information regarding contraception and appropriate contraceptive prescriptions.

Community Based Weighing Of Newborns And Use Of Mobile Phones By Village Elders In Rural Settings In Kenya: A Decentralised Approach To Health Care Provision, Peter Gisore, Evelyn Shipala, Kevin Otieno, Betsy Rono, Irene Marete, Constance Tenge, Hillary Mabeya, Sherri Bucher, Janet Moore, Edward Liechty, Fabian Esamai

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Identifying every pregnancy, regardless of home or health facility delivery, is crucial to accurately estimating maternal and neonatal mortality. Furthermore, obtaining birth weights and other anthropometric measurements in rural settings in resource limited countries is a difficult challenge. Unfortunately for the majority of infants born outside of a health care facility, pregnancies are often not recorded and birth weights are not accurately known. Data from the initial 6 months of the Maternal and Neonatal Health (MNH) Registry Study of the Global Network for Women and Children’s Health study area in Kenya revealed that up to 70% of newborns did …

Influence Of Perceived Racial Discrimination On Health And Behaviour Of Immigrant Children In British Columbia, Anne George, Cherylynn Bassani, Robert Armstrong

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

This study examines the influence of perceived discrimination on the health and behaviour of ethnic minority immigrant children in British Columbia, Canada. Using data from the New Canadian Children and Youth Study, we examine perceived discrimination experienced by the parent, family, and cultural group in Canada to test the influence of micro-, meso-, and macrolevels of discrimination on children. Families from 6 ethnic backgrounds participated in the study. Parents’ perceptions of the child’s health and six behavioral scales (hyperactivity, prosocial behaviour, emotional problems, aggression, indirect aggression, and a general combined behaviour scale) were examined as outcome variables. After controlling for …

Partnering To Accelerate The Rate Of Positive Change:The Experience Of Lauren’S Hope Foundation & The Nicu At Lehigh Valley Health Network, Lorraine A. Dickey Md, Mba, Faap, Ann Flood

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Pseudomonas Necrotizing Fasciitis In An Otherwise Healthy Infant, Shakeel Ahmed, Syed Rehan Ali, Zahra Aziz Samani

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Necrotizing fasciitis is an uncommon rapidly progressing infection of soft tissue characterized by a severe inflammation of the fascia and soft tissue. The disease is associated with necrosis and subcutaneous gangrene of the inflamed tissue with systemic toxicity that carries a significant mortality unless timely diagnosed and aggressively treated. Monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an exceptionally uncommon condition with only few cases reported in the literature so far. We are reporting a six-month-old female infant who was previously healthy and who presented with necrotizing fasciitis and isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa both from the blood and tissue. The child …

Evaluation Of Age-Related Changes In Translocator Protein (Tspo) In Human Brain Using 11C-[R]-Pk11195 Pet, Ajay Kumar, Otto Muzik, Varun Shandal, Diane Chugani, Pulak Chakraborty, Harry T. Chugani

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

We studied the distribution and expression of translocator protein in the human brain using ¹¹C-[R]-PK-11195 positron emission tomography (PK11195 PET) and evaluated age-related changes.

Methods

A dynamic PK11195 PET scan was performed in 15 normal healthy adults (mean age: 29 ±8.5 years (range: 20 to 49); 7 males) and 10 children (mean age: 8.8 ±5.2 years (range: 1.2 to 17); 5 males), who were studied for potential neuroinflammation but showed no focally increased PK11195 binding. The PET images were evaluated by calculating standard uptake values and regional binding potential, based on a simplified reference region model, as …

Augmented Annotation And Orthologue Analysis For Oryctolagus Cuniculus: Better Bunny, Douglas B. Craig, Sujatha Kannan, Alan A. Dombkowski

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The rabbit is an important model organism used in a wide range of biomedical research. However, the rabbit genome is still sparsely annotated, thus prohibiting extensive functional analysis of gene sets derived from whole-genome experiments. We developed a web-based application that provides augmented annotation and orthologue analysis for rabbit genes. Importantly, the application allows comprehensive functional analysis through the use of orthologous relationships.

Results

Using data extracted from several public bioinformatics repositories we created Better Bunny, a database and query tool that extensively augments the available functional annotation for rabbit genes. Using the complete set of target genes …

Use Of A Video Game Based Balance Training Intervention On The Balance And Function Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Gina C. Siconolfi-Morris

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Many children with developmental disabilities (DD) have physical impairments and limitations in their participation. Rehabilitation research often focuses on either physical impairments or participation restrictions, when both need to be investigated. The purposes of these two studies were to evaluate an at home therapist directed video game balance training intervention on balance, gait velocity (GV), hip strength and activities of children with DD. The pilot study was a single-subject non-concurrent multiple baseline design. Balance measures included: weight bearing symmetry; center of pressure area and velocity; time to boundary mean minima and standard deviation; and timed up and go. The participant’s …

Risks To Early Childhood Health And Development In The Postconflict Transition Of Northern Uganda, Theresa A. Mcelroy, Stella Atim, Charles P. Larson, Robert Armstrong

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Research from numerous fields of science has documented the critical importance of nurturing environments in shaping young children’s future health and development. We studied the environments of early childhood (birth to 3 years) during postconflict, post displacement transition in northern Uganda. The aim was to better understand perceived needs and risks in order to recommend targeted policy and interventions. Methods. Applied ethnography (interview, focus group discussion, case study, observational methods, document review) in 3 sites over 1 year. Results. Transition was a prolonged and deeply challenging phase for families. Young children were exposed to a myriad of risk factors. Participants …

Adolescent Pregnancy, Donald E. Greydanus, Marlene B. Huff, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

More than 14 million adolescents in the world annually give birth, and nearly 800,000 adolescents in the United States become pregnant each year. This chapter considers concepts of teen pregnancy including risks to the mother as well as offspring, the adolescent father, issues related to abortion, and concepts of prevention of unwanted pregnancy in youth. Adolescent pregnancy is global phenomenon affecting all societies and cultures.

Menstrual Disorders In The Adolescent Female, Donald E. Greydanus, Shawn Sorrel, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This chapter reviews basic concepts of menstrual disorders in adolescents beginning with an overview of menstrual physiology followed by consideration of various abnormal menstrual patterns: amenorrhea (primary and secondary), dysfunctional uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea (primary and secondary), and premenstrual syndrome.

The Adolescent Breast, Donald E. Greydanus, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The breast is an important organ system for the adolescent female and occasionally for the adolescent male as well. This chapter reviews basic principles of breast concerns and disorders including congenital anomalies, asymmetric breast development, under-developed breasts, virginal hypertrophy, breast masses, mastaglia, galactorrhea, gynecomastia in males, and others. Clinicians should be attuned to issues and concerns for this important structure in adolescents.

Suicide In Prepubertal Children, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Youth And Student Suicide, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Suicidal Behavior And Prevention In Adolescence, Hatim A. Omar, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Suicidal behavior in youth is not uncommon and currently one of the leading causes of death in adolescence in many countries around the world. Individual risk factors for suicidality in youth include: psychiatric disorder; certain personality characteristics; genetics; gender; sexual orientation; and previous suicide attempts. Family psychopathology and environmental factors such as media contagion also contribute as risk factors. Developmental issues, including: the establishment of independence and intimate relationships; as well as the pursuit of personal and career goals; may also provide stressors leading to suicidality. Prevention and intervention strategies are considered and include: early detection and treatment of mental …

Adolescence And Contraception, Donald E. Greydanus, Carolyn M. Lentzsch-Parcells, Hatim A. Omar, Colleen B. Dodich

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The age of adolescence is the time when most adolescents in the world become sexually active with resultant millions of pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. This paper considers methods of contraception for these adolescents, including oral contraceptions, transdermal contraception, mini-pills, intravaginal ring, injectable contraception, intrauterine devices, barrier contraceptives, implants, and others. It is important for clinicians caring for sexually active youth to provide information regarding contraception and appropriate contraceptive prescriptions.