Pediatrics Commons^™

Adolescent Developmental Assets And Service Leadership, Daniel T. L. Shek, Cecilia M. S. Ma, Ting Ting Liu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

In the field of positive youth development, it is generally asserted that developmental assets or positive youth development qualities contribute to positive adolescent developmental outcomes. In the context of training for service leadership, it is argued that the promotion of developmental assets would help university students develop the foundational competence of service leaders. In this paper, the lesson plan of Lecture Eleven in a course entitled “Service Leadership” run in The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is discussed. In the lecture, four developmental assets related to positive identity (self-esteem, self-efficacy, purpose in life and optimism about the future) proposed by Peter …

Evolution And Realms Of Service Leadership And Leadership Models, Daniel T. L. Shek, Rachel C. F. Sun, Ting Ting Liu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This paper presents a lesson plan in a course entitled “Service Leadership” at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. In that lecture, three basic aspects of the service leadership model are presented. First, the origin of service leadership from an evolutionary anthropology perspective is outlined. Second, three realms of service leadership with reference to self, others and systems are presented. Third, two leadership models (i.e. top-down and bottom-up models) are introduced, and their strengths and weaknesses are examined. Students are also invited to reflect on their assumptions of men with reference to leadership. Several class activities including role-play, self-reflection exercises and …

Core Beliefs In The Service Leadership Model Proposed By The Hong Kong Institute Of Service Leadership And Management, Daniel T. L. Shek, Li Lin

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The service leadership model and related curriculum were developed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management. To nurture service leadership qualities in university students, a 2-credit service leadership subject was developed at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. This paper presents the core beliefs and key components of the service leadership model and outlines the content of one of the lectures in the subject. The lecture attempts to help students recognize the importance of leadership competencies, moral character and caring disposition in successful leadership, and to explore ways to develop service leadership qualities. In addition to the lecture, …

Interpersonal Competence And Service Leadership, Daniel T. L. Shek, Lu Yu, Andrew M. H. Siu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

According to the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management, interpersonal competence is an important component of an effective service leader. The present paper introduces a lecture embedded in a service leadership subject that focuses on promoting students’ interpersonal competence. Several topics are covered in this lecture. First, concepts and theories about interpersonal competence are introduced. Second, the relevance of interpersonal competence to service leadership is outlined. Third, methods of developing interpersonal competence are presented, particularly different conflict management strategies and assertiveness skills. Finally, conclusions and reflections on students’ own interpersonal competence and its relevance to the service leadership …

Manufacturing Economy Vs. Service Economy: Implications For Service Leadership, Daniel T. L. Shek, Po P.Y. Chung, Hildie Leung

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

In the past few decades, there has been a shift from manufacturing to service economy in many places throughout the world. In Hong Kong, 95% of its GDP is made up by the service industries. Conceptually, these two economies are associated with different production characteristics, organizational structures, and desired attributes of workers and leaders. The differences between these two economies in terms of the production modes are discussed in this paper. In particular, the implications of the economy on effective leadership requirements are outlined. With specific reference to the Service Leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service …

How Unique Is The Service Leadership Model? A Comparison With Contemporary Leadership Approaches, Daniel T. L. Shek, Po P.Y. Chung, Hildie Leung

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The growth of the service economy in the contemporary world has resulted in a different set of requirements for effective leadership as compared with the industrial era, which focused primarily on manufacturing industries. To nurture “service leaders” in the service economy, the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management proposed the service leadership model. The key characteristics of the service leadership model are outlined in this paper. A systematic comparison was also conducted to identify the common and unique features of the service leadership model with reference to the existing leadership theories, including the trait, servant, spiritual, authentic, ethical, …

Fifteen Years Of Irinotecan Therapy For Pediatric Sarcoma: Where To Next?, Lars M. Wagner

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Over the past 15 years, irinotecan has emerged as an important agent for treating pediatric sarcoma patients. This review summarizes the activity noted in previous studies, and outlines current issues regarding scheduling, route of administration, and amelioration of side effects. Also discussed are new pegylated and nanoliposomal formulations of irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38, as well as future plans for how irinotecan may be used in combination with other conventional cytotoxic as well as targeted agents.

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Of Renal And Biliary Abnormalities In Excised Tissues From A Mouse Model Of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease., Choong H Lee, Amber K O'Connor, Chaozhe Yang, Joshua M Tate, Trenton R Schoeb, Jeremy J Flint, Stephen J Blackband, Lisa M. Guay-Woodford

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is transmitted as either an autosomal dominant or recessive trait and is a major cause of renal failure and liver fibrosis. The cpk mouse model of autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) has been extensively characterized using standard histopathological techniques after euthanasia. In the current study, we sought to validate magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) as a robust tool for assessing the ARPKD phenotype. We used MRM to evaluate the liver and kidney of wild-type and cpk animals at resolutions <100 >μm and generated three-dimensional (3D) renderings for pathological evaluation. Our study demonstrates that MRM is an excellent method for …

Diagnostic Yield Of Continuous Video Eeg For Neonatal Seizures, Tammy N. Tsuchida

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Investigators from the University of California, San Francisco studied the yield of continuous video EEG (vEEG) in diagnosing electrographic seizures in their neonatal intensive care unit. Over a 4.5 year period, 595 neonates were evaluated, of which 66% were term and 67% referred from an outside hospital. Therapeutic hypothermia was completed in 25%. There was a 14% mortality rate. Neonates with electrographic seizures were identified by reviewing clinical vEEG reports.

vEEG was clinically indicated for 400/595 (67%) of the neonates, with approximately equal proportions for two or more of the following indications: event concerning for seizure, encephalopathy, or high risk …

Mirtarvis: An Interactive Visual Analysis Tool For Microrna-Mrna Expression Profile Data, Daekyoung Jung, Bohyoung Kim, Robert J. Freishtat, Manta Giri, Eric P. Hoffman, Jinwook Seo

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short nucleotides that down-regulate its target genes. Various miRNA target prediction algorithms have used sequence complementarity between miRNA and its targets. Recently, other algorithms tried to improve sequence-based miRNA target prediction by exploiting miRNA-mRNA expression profile data. Some web-based tools are also introduced to help researchers predict targets of miRNAs from miRNA-mRNA expression profile data. A demand for a miRNA-mRNA visual analysis tool that features novel miRNA prediction algorithms and more interactive visualization techniques exists.

Results

We designed and implemented miRTarVis, which is an interactive visual analysis tool that predicts targets of miRNAs from miRNA-mRNA …

Sleeping While Driving, Joav Merrick, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Profile Of Veliparib And Its Potential In The Treatment Of Solid Tumors, Lars M. Wagner

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an attractive therapeutic strategy because of the importance of this pathway in restoring DNA damage. Small-molecule inhibitors of PARP appear most effective when used to treat tumors with underlying defects in DNA repair, or when combined with DNA-damaging agents. Veliparib is one of several recently developed oral inhibitors of PARP currently in clinical trials. This review summarizes the pharmacology, mechanisms of action, toxicity, and activity of veliparib seen in clinical trials to date. Also discussed are proposed mechanisms of resistance, potential biomarkers of activity, and issues regarding patient selection and combination therapies that may …

Quality Of Life Of Parents Of Children With Asthma, Anna Trzcieniecka-Green, Kamilla Bargiel-Matusiewicz, Agnieszka Wilczyńska, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

An increased frequency of asthma in children has been lately observed. The course of asthma depends not only on treatment, but also on the actions taken by the parents of a sick child. Design: A non-experimental cross-sectional design. Methods: In this study the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered to 60 parents of children with asthma. Two groups of parents were compared. The first group consisted of parents of children who had been diagnosed with asthma less than three months before the beginning of the study. The second group consisted of …

Procollagen C-Endopeptidase Enhancer Protein 2 (Pcpe2) Reduces Atherosclerosis In Mice By Enhancing Scavenger Receptor Class B1 (Sr-Bi)-Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein (Hdl)-Cholesteryl Ester Uptake, Ricquita D. Pollard, Christopher N. Blesso, Manal Zabalawi, Brian Fulp, Mark Gerelus, Xuewei Zhu, Erica W. Lyons, Nebil Nuradin, Omar L. Francone, Xiang-An Li, Daisy Sahoo, Michael J. Thomas, Mary G. Sorci-Thomas

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Studies in human populations have shown a significant correlation between procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer protein 2 (PCPE2) single nucleotide polymorphisms and plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations. PCPE2, a 52-kDa glycoprotein located in the extracellular matrix, enhances the cleavage of C-terminal procollagen by bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). Our studies here focused on investigating the basis for the elevated concentration of enlarged plasma HDL in PCPE2-deficient mice to determine whether they protected against diet-induced atherosclerosis. PCPE2-deficient mice were crossed with LDL receptor-deficient mice to obtain LDLr^-/-, PCPE2^-/- mice, which had elevated HDL levels compared with LDLr^-/- mice with similar …

An Uncommon Clinical Presentation Of Relapsing Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Identification Of Sequence Variations In Mynpc3, Kcnh2 And Mitochondrial Trna Cysteine, M. J. Guillen Sacoto, Kimberly A. Chapman, D. Heath, M. B. Seprish, Dina Zand

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

We describe a young girl with dilated cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, and possible energy deficiency. Two major sequence changes were identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) and mitochondrial DNA analysis that were interpreted as potentially causative. Changes were identified in the KCNH2 gene and mitochondrial tRNA for cysteine. A variation was also seen in MYPBC3. Since the launch of WES as a clinically available technology in 2010, there has been concern regarding the identification of variants unrelated to the patient's phenotype. However, in cases where targeted sequencing fails to explain the clinical presentation, the underlying etiology could be more complex …

Predictive Performance Of A Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Model In Neonates, Chris Stockmann, Adam L. Hersh, Jessica K. Roberts, Jiraganya Bhongsatiern, E. Kent Korgenski, Michael G. Spigarelli, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Adam Frymoyer

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction

The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin are highly variable among neonates, which makes dosing challenging in this population. However, adequate drug exposure is critical, especially when treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Utilization of population pharmacokinetic models and Bayesian methods offers the potential for developing individualized therapeutic approaches. To meet this need, a neonatal vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model was recently published. The current study sought to externally evaluate the predictive performance and generalizability of this model.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of neonates who received vancomycin and had ≥1 peak and ≥1 trough concentrations at five Intermountain Healthcare neonatal intensive care …

The Significance Of Macrocephaly Or Enlarging Head Circumference In Infants With The Triad: Further Evidence Of Mimics Of Shaken Baby Syndrome, David Miller, Patrick Barnes, Marvin E. Miller

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Infants with the triad (neurologic dysfunction, subdural hematoma [SDH], and retinal hemorrhage) are often diagnosed as victims of shaken baby syndrome. Medical conditions/predisposing factors to developing the triad are often dismissed: short falls, birth-related SDH that enlarges, macrocephaly, sinus/cortical vein thrombosis, and others. Six infants with the triad are described in which child abuse was diagnosed, but parents denied wrongdoing. All 6 had either macrocephaly or enlarging head circumference, which suggested medical explanations. Three infants incurred short falls, 1 had a difficult delivery in which there was likely a rebleed of a birth-related SDH, 1 had a spontaneous SDH associated …

Emergence Of Multidrug Resistant Influenza A(H1n1)Pdm09 Virus Variants In An Immunocompromised Child Treated With Oseltamivir And Zanamivir., Daisuke Tamura, Roberta L. Debiasi, Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Angela P. Campbell, Brett Loechelt, Bernhard L. Wiedermann, Alicia M. Fry, Larisa V. Gubareva

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Prolonged treatment of an immunocompromised child with oseltamivir and zanamivir for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection led to the emergence of viruses carrying H275Y and/or E119G in the neuraminidase. When phenotypically evaluated by neuraminidase inhibition, the dual H275Y-E119G substitution caused highly reduced inhibition by four neuraminidase inhibitors including oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir.

Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative: Design, Implementation, And Baseline Findings, Ali H. Mokdad, Katherine Elliott Colson, Paola Zuniga-Brenes, Diego Rios-Zertuche, Erin B. Palmisano, Catherine W. Gillespie, +27 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

Health has improved markedly in Mesoamerica, the region consisting of southern Mexico and Central America, over the past decade. Despite this progress, there remain substantial inequalities in health outcomes, access, and quality of medical care between and within countries. Poor, indigenous, and rural populations have considerably worse health indicators than national or regional averages. In an effort to address these health inequalities, the Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative (SM2015), a results-based financing initiative, was established.

Methods

For each of the eight participating countries, health targets were set to measure the progress of improvements in maternal and child health produced by …

Open Letter On Shaken Baby Syndrome And Courts: A False And Flawed Premise, Bill Bache, Patrick Barnes, Beverly Beech, Flo Bellone, Thomas L. Bohan, Harry J. Bonnell, Marta Cohen, D. L. Contostavlos, Peter Dale, Lina Davidson, Steven Gabaeff, Horace Gardner, Margaret Gardner, Jean Golding, A. N. Guthkelch, Charles M. Harvey, Helen Hayward-Brown, John Hemming, John C. Hunsaker Iii, Charles Hyman, Jan Leestma, James Lefanu, John Lloyd, Marvin E. Miller, Catherine Mills, George R. Nichols Ii, Michael Nott, John Plunkett, Charles Pragnell, Jean Robinson, Robert K. Rothfeder, Irene Scheimberg, Ron Uscinski, Michael Weinraub, Ed Willey, R. K. Wright, Lynne Wrennall

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The Open Letter on Shaken Baby Syndrome and Courts has been prepared under the auspices of the International Public Health Research Group [IPHRG]. It was developed from initial drafts by Bill Bache and Charles Pragnell. Final drafting and editing was by Dr Lynne Wrennall, Executive Director of the International Public Health Research Group and the Managing Editor of Argument & Critique. The process of writing the letter has relied on the published research in the field, much of it, published research by the signatories to the letter. The process has also drawn on the iterative contribution of insights by the …

Pregnant, Even When You Did Not Want To Be Pregnant, Hatim A. Omar, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Imitation By Combination: Preschool Age Children Evidence Summative Imitation In A Novel Problem-Solving Task., Francys Subiaul, Edward Krajkowski, Elizabeth E Price, Alexander Etz

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Children are exceptional, even 'super,' imitators but comparatively poor independent problem-solvers or innovators. Yet, imitation and innovation are both necessary components of cumulative cultural evolution. Here, we explored the relationship between imitation and innovation by assessing children's ability to generate a solution to a novel problem by imitating two different action sequences demonstrated by two different models, an example of imitation by combination, which we refer to as "summative imitation." Children (N = 181) from 3 to 5 years of age and across three experiments were tested in a baseline condition or in one of six demonstration conditions, varying in …

Treatment Planning And Patient Positioning For Mr-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment: A Systematic Approach, David Kinnaird, Doug Wackerle, Daniel Yang, Matthew E. Oetgen, Avinash Eranki, Aerang Kim, +5 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Improving Newborn Care Practices Through Home Visits: Lessons From Malawi, Nepal, Bangladesh, And Uganda., Deborah Sitrin, Tanya Guenther, Peter Waiswa, Sarah Namutamba, Gertrude Namazzi, Srijana Sharma, K. C. Ashish, Sayed Rubayet, Subrata Bhadra, Reuben Ligowe, Emmanuel Chimbalanga, Elizabeth Sewell, Kate Kerber, Allisyn Moran

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Nearly all newborn deaths occur in low- or middle-income countries. Many of these deaths could be prevented through promotion and provision of newborn care practices such as thermal care, early and exclusive breastfeeding, and hygienic cord care. Home visit programmes promoting these practices were piloted in Malawi, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Uganda.

Objective: This study assessed changes in selected newborn care practices over time in pilot programme areas in four countries and evaluated whether women who received home visits during pregnancy were more likely to report use of three key practices.

Design: Using data from cross-sectional surveys …

Percutaneous Mr Guided Direct Left Atrial Access To Deliver Large Interventional Devices, Toby Rogers, William Schenke, Jonathan R. Mazal, Merdim Sonmez, Ozgur Kocaturk, Kanishka Ratnayaka, Michael Hansen, Anthony Z. Faranesh, Robert J. Lederman

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Oral Bacterial Communities Of Children With Well-Controlled Hiv Infection And Without Hiv Infection., Brittany E. Goldberg, Emmanuel F. Mongodin, Cheron E. Jones, Michelle Chung, Claire M. Fraser, Anupama R. Tate, Steven L. Zeichner

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The oral microbial community (microbiota) plays a critical role in human health and disease. Alterations in the oral microbiota may be associated with disorders such as gingivitis, periodontitis, childhood caries, alveolar osteitis, oral candidiasis and endodontic infections. In the immunosuppressed population, the spectrum of potential oral disease is even broader, encompassing candidiasis, necrotizing gingivitis, parotid gland enlargement, Kaposi's sarcoma, oral warts and other diseases. Here, we used 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to examine the oral microbiome of saliva, mucosal and tooth samples from HIV-positive and negative children. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were collected from a cross-section …

Temporal Order Of Rnase Iiib And Loss-Of-Function Mutations During Development Determines Phenotype In Dicer1 Syndrome: A Unique Variant Of The Two-Hit Tumor Suppression Model [V1; Ref Status: Approved With Reservations 1, Http://F1000r.Es/5l9], Mark Brenneman, Amanda Field, Jiandong Yang, Gretchen Williams, Leslie A. Doros, Christopher T. Rossi, Heather A. Gordish-Dressman, D. Ashley Hill, Et Al.

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most frequent pediatric lung tumor and often the first indication of a pleiotropic cancer predisposition, DICER1 syndrome, comprising a range of other individually rare, benign and malignant tumors of childhood and early adulthood. The genetics of DICER1-associated tumorigenesis are unusual in that tumors typically bear neomorphic missense mutations at one of five specific “hotspot” codons within the RNase IIIb domain of DICER 1, combined with complete loss of function (LOF) in the other allele. We analyzed a cohort of 124 PPB children for predisposing DICER1 mutations and sought correlations with clinical phenotypes. Over …

Β2-Adrenergic Receptor Promoter Haplotype Influences The Severity Of Acute Viral Respiratory Tract Infection During Infancy: A Prospective Cohort Study., Pingsheng Wu, Emma K. Larkin, Sara S Reiss, Kecia N Carroll, Marshall L. Summar, Patricia A Minton, +6 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite the significant interest in β2-Adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) polymorphisms related to asthma, whether ADRB2 genetic variants are similarly associated with acute respiratory tract infections have not been studied. We hypothesized that genetic variants in ADRB2 associated with a response to asthma therapy during an asthma exacerbation were also associated with severity of acute respiratory tract infections.

METHODS: To test this hypothesis, we genotyped 5 common polymorphisms in the promoter region and coding block of the ADRB2 gene (loci -2387, -2274, -1343, +46, and +79) from 374 Caucasian and African American term infants who were enrolled at the time of …

Differential Expression Of The Nrf2-Linked Genes In Pediatric Septic Shock., Jocelyn R Grunwell, Scott L Weiss, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Geoffrey L Allen, Neal J Thomas, Robert J. Freishtat, +10 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Experimental data from animal models of sepsis support a role for a transcription factor, nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as a master regulator of antioxidant and detoxifying genes and intermediary metabolism during stress. Prior analysis of a pediatric septic shock transcriptomic database showed that the Nrf2 response is a top 5 upregulated signaling pathway in early pediatric septic shock.

METHODS: We conducted a focused analysis of 267 Nrf2-linked genes using a multicenter, genome-wide expression database of 180 children with septic shock 10 years of age or younger and 53 healthy controls. The analysis involved RNA isolated …

Beyond Cd19: Opportunities For Future Development Of Targeted Immunotherapy In Pediatric Relapsed-Refractory Acute Leukemia., Haneen Shalabi, Anne Angiolillo, Terry J Fry

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been used as a targeted approach in cancer therapy. Relapsed and refractory acute leukemia in pediatrics has been difficult to treat with conventional therapy due to dose-limiting toxicities. With the recent success of CD 19 CAR in pediatric patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), this mode of therapy has become a very attractive option for these patients with high-risk disease. In this review, we will discuss current treatment paradigms of pediatric acute leukemia and potential therapeutic targets for additional high-risk populations, including T cell ALL, AML, and infant ALL.