Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Pediatrics Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Aga Khan University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1081 - 1099 of 1099

Full-Text Articles in Pediatrics

A Randomized Clinical Trial To Compare Selective Posterior Rhizotomy Plus Physiotherapy With Physiotherapy Alone In Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy, Paul Steinbok, Ann M. Reiner, Richard Beauchamp, Robert Armstrong, Douglas Cochrane Jan 1997

A Randomized Clinical Trial To Compare Selective Posterior Rhizotomy Plus Physiotherapy With Physiotherapy Alone In Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy, Paul Steinbok, Ann M. Reiner, Richard Beauchamp, Robert Armstrong, Douglas Cochrane

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

A randomized controlled single-blind trial was performed to compare lumbo-sacral selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) followed by intensive physiotherapy, with intensive physiotherapy alone in improving motor function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to each treatment modality. Patients in the SPR group had rhizotomy within 1 month, followed by intensive outpatient physiotherapy for 9 months. Patients assigned to physiotherapy alone had identical intensive physiotherapy. There was a statistically significant and clinically important difference in improvement in motor function in favor of the SPR group, with a mean increase in total Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) …

Go to article

Lactose Intolerance In Persistent Diarrhoea During Childhood: The Role Of A Traditional Rice-Lentil (Khitchri) And Yogurt Diet In Nutritional Management, Z A. Bhutta, S Q. Nizami, Z Isani Jan 1997

Lactose Intolerance In Persistent Diarrhoea During Childhood: The Role Of A Traditional Rice-Lentil (Khitchri) And Yogurt Diet In Nutritional Management, Z A. Bhutta, S Q. Nizami, Z Isani

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Lactose intolerance is frequently encountered in children with persistent diarrhoea (PD). Selection of an appropriate milk-based formulation is a major management problem in the developing world. In a consecutive series of studies, we evaluated the role of feeding a traditional rice-lentil (khitchri) diet alone (KY) or in combination with either soy formula (KY-Soy) a dilute buffalo milk (KY-B), in children (age 6 months-3 years) with PD. Serial observations of stool output, caloric intake and weight gain of these children over a 14 day period indicated satisfactory tolerance of the KY diet with adequate weight gain. The weight gain and stool …

Go to article

Paediatric Prescribing In Karachi, S Q. Nizami, I A. Khan, Z A. Bhutta Jan 1997

Paediatric Prescribing In Karachi, S Q. Nizami, I A. Khan, Z A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

To assess amount of drug overuse we studied drug prescribing for common childhood problems by 65 general practitioners (GPs) and 29 paediatricians. A total of 2433 encounters between GPs or paediatricians and children under five years of age were observed. The presenting complaints were fever in 18%, cough in 9%, both fever and cough in 21%, vomiting in 20% and diarrhoea in 41% of encounters. Antibacterials were prescribed in 49% of encounters, analgesics and antipyretics in 29%, antiemetics in 8% and injectables in 15%. Antidiarrhoeals were prescribed in 41% encounters with children reported to have diarrhoea. Ampicillin and cotrimoxazole were …

Go to article

Pneumococcal Sepsis In The Newborn--An Emerging Problem?, Z A. Bhutta Aug 1996

Pneumococcal Sepsis In The Newborn--An Emerging Problem?, Z A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Moyamoya Disease Of Childhood As A Cause Of Recurrent Cerebral Ischemic Attacks--A Case Report, S Ibrahim, S S. Hyder Jan 1996

Moyamoya Disease Of Childhood As A Cause Of Recurrent Cerebral Ischemic Attacks--A Case Report, S Ibrahim, S S. Hyder

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Ciprofloxacin In Multi-Resistant Infections In Childhood: An Audit, D M. Khan, Z A. Bhutta Jun 1995

Ciprofloxacin In Multi-Resistant Infections In Childhood: An Audit, D M. Khan, Z A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Ciprofloxacin is a new orally administrable fluoroquinolones, with considerable efficacy against multiresistant organisms. Its use in the paediatric age group however, is controversial because of the risk of potential articular toxicity. We retrospectively reviewed ciprofloxacin usage over a 32 week periods (June, 1991-September, 1993) in paediatric inpatients at The Aga Khan University Hospital. Ciprofloxacin was used in 21 cases, singly in 11 (52%) and in combination with other antibiotics in a further 10 (48%). The response to therapy was adjudged as 'good' or 'fair' in 13 (62%) cases. Ciprofloxacin was the only sensitive antibiotic in 4 (19%) and resistance to …

Go to article

Inherited Metabolic Disorders In Pakistan: Presentation, Diagnosis And Outcome Of Congenital Hyperammonemias, P Mufti, I Ahmed Oct 1994

Inherited Metabolic Disorders In Pakistan: Presentation, Diagnosis And Outcome Of Congenital Hyperammonemias, P Mufti, I Ahmed

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

A total of 21 patients were admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital with suspected congenital hyperammonemias during the period 1989 to 1992. There were 11 patients with acidosis and 10 patients were without acidosis. Prominent clinical manifestations included positive family history (76%), onset in the first week of life (67%) and neurological manifestations (76%). Of patients with hyperammonemia and acidosis, 4 had severe metabolic acidosis with anion gap of 30mEq/L and above. Of patients with hyperammonemia without acidosis, 4 had ammonia level ranging from 1600-2000 mg/dl. Diagnosis was confirmed in only 1 patient and that was also done abroad. Overall …

Go to article

Ureterorenoscopy In Children, K Rasheed, A Memon Aug 1994

Ureterorenoscopy In Children, K Rasheed, A Memon

Section of Paediatric Surgery

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Bacteriuria And Pregnancy Outcome: A Prospective Hospital-Based Study In Pakistani Women, Rahat Qureshi, Khalid S. Khan, Omar Darr, Nasir Khattak, Javaid H. Rizvi, Bader J. Farooqui Jan 1994

Bacteriuria And Pregnancy Outcome: A Prospective Hospital-Based Study In Pakistani Women, Rahat Qureshi, Khalid S. Khan, Omar Darr, Nasir Khattak, Javaid H. Rizvi, Bader J. Farooqui

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

The prevalence of bacteriuria in Pakistani women and its association with complications of pregnancy was studied. Out of 1579 women, 77 had bacteriuria (4.8%). There was no association of age, gravidity, parity, haemoglobin, pre-eclampsia, mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, preterm delivery and low birth-weight with presence of bacteriuria. With detection and treatment the pregnancy outcome of women with bacteriuria in pregnancy was the same as that of those without

Go to article

Diagnosis And Outcome Of Congenital Hyperammonemias, P Mufti, I Ahmed Nov 1993

Diagnosis And Outcome Of Congenital Hyperammonemias, P Mufti, I Ahmed

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

A total of 21 patients were admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital with suspected congenital hyperammonemias during the period 1989 to 1992, 11 with acidosis and 10 without acidosis. Prominent clinical manifestations included positive family history (76%), onset in the first week of life (67%) and neurological manifestations (76%). Of patients with hyperammonemia and acidosis, 4 had severe metabolic acidosis with anion gap of 30mEq/L and above. Of patients with hyperammonemia without acidosis, 4 had ammonia level ranging from 1600-2000 micrograms/dl. Diagnosis was confirmed in only 1 patient and that was also done abroad. Overall mortality was 71%. These disorders …

Go to article

Penile Constrictive Band Injury, Zafar Nazir, Khalid Rasheed, Farhat Moazam Jan 1993

Penile Constrictive Band Injury, Zafar Nazir, Khalid Rasheed, Farhat Moazam

Section of Paediatric Surgery

Penile strangulation caused by a thread or human hair is an uncommon cause of urethral injury described in paediatric piactice. Five children presented with this entity to the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi between August, 1991 and August, 1992. Three children had uneventful recoveries after removal of the contricting agent. Two patients developed urethrocutaneaus fistulae and partial amputation of the penis because of late presentation Early recognition and removal of the constricting agent is necessary to prevent serious complications

Go to article

Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Infants Weighing Less Than 2000 G, P Mufti, Z A. Bhutta Feb 1992

Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Infants Weighing Less Than 2000 G, P Mufti, Z A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Over a 4 year period, nine of 180 (5%) infants weighing less than 2000 G, admitted to the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). An outbreak of NEC occurred in 1989, during which six infants developed the clinical illness. Overall incidence was 1.1%. Thirty-one birth weight and gestation matched controls were selected for comparison. Risk factors usually considered as predisposing factors, i.e., low 5 min Apgar score, rate of maternal complications, respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, umbilical catheterisation, patient ductus arteriosus, use of antibiotics and feeding practices were found with equal frequency in both cases and controls. …

Go to article

Congenital Pyloric Atresia And Epidermolysis Bullosa, Zafar Nazir, Zeba Batool Attar, Farhat Moazam Oct 1991

Congenital Pyloric Atresia And Epidermolysis Bullosa, Zafar Nazir, Zeba Batool Attar, Farhat Moazam

Section of Paediatric Surgery

Congenital pyloric atresia with epidermolysis bul­losa is recognized as a rare but distinct entity which is uniformly fatal1,2. Until 1990 only 20 cases have been reported in the English literature3,4. We present an additional case managed at the Aga Khan University Hospital to demonstrate the difficulties encountered in the management of such infants.

Go to article

Current Concepts In The Diagnosis And Management Of Childhood Asthma, Z A. Bhutta Aug 1991

Current Concepts In The Diagnosis And Management Of Childhood Asthma, Z A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry In Pakistani Newborns: A Preliminary Report, Z A. Bhutta, K Yusuf Jul 1991

Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry In Pakistani Newborns: A Preliminary Report, Z A. Bhutta, K Yusuf

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a frequently encountered problem in the neonatal period and carries a potential risk of encephalopathy. Early detection and quantification is important, and transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) has been recommended as a non-invasive method for rapid screening. We prospectively compared the efficacy of TcB in 65 normal Pakistani jaundiced newborns undergoing simultaneous serum bilirubin measurements. Although the correlation between the two methods was significant (r = 0.66, P less than 0.01), the scatter was wide and the specificity only 53%. Although the technique offers the potential for non-invasive early screening of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, it requires further validation in a …

Go to article

Fulminant Hepatic Failure With Typhoid Fever In Childhood, Z A. Bhutta Jun 1991

Fulminant Hepatic Failure With Typhoid Fever In Childhood, Z A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Although hepatic dysfunction has been described among adults with typhoid, there are few reports of significant hepatic functional impairment in children with typhoid. Of 355 children with culture proven typhoid seen at the Aga Khan University Hospital, hepatomegaly was noted in 118 (33%) and isolated right hypochondrial tenderness in 30 (8.5%). The liver function tests were normal in 78% and 47% of these children respectively and significant hepatic dysfunction was seen only in 26 (7.3%). However, children with typhoid and significant hepatic dysfunction had higher mortality (P less than 0.001) and two patients presented with a picture of fulminant hepatic …

Go to article

Successful Eradication Of Flavobacterium Meningosepticum Neonatal Meningitis With Ceftizoxime, Z A. Bhutta, S H. Naqvi Jun 1991

Successful Eradication Of Flavobacterium Meningosepticum Neonatal Meningitis With Ceftizoxime, Z A. Bhutta, S H. Naqvi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Chloramphenicol Therapy Of Typhoid Fever, Z A. Bhutta, S H. Naqvi, S Durrani, A Suria Feb 1991

Chloramphenicol Therapy Of Typhoid Fever, Z A. Bhutta, S H. Naqvi, S Durrani, A Suria

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

In a prospective study we compared two different dosage regimens of IV chloramphenicol succinate (100 mg/kg/day and 75 mg/kg/day) in children with culture proven typhoid. Trough and peak blood samples, obtained at 48 hrs, were analysed for free chloramphenicol by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although the mean trough (8.8 +/- 7.7 versus 5.4 +/- 2.6 mcg/ml) and peak (19.9 +/- 12.2 versus 15.4 +/- 6.1 mcg/ml) chloramphenicol concentrations were comparable in both groups, a significantly wider range was found in the group receiving 100 mg/kg/day. Potentially toxic levels (greater than 30 mcg/ml) developed in two patients with liver dysfunction. …

Go to article

Neonatal Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism In Pakistan, Murntaz Lakhani, Mohammad Khurshid, Shehla H. Naqvi, Mohammad Akber Jan 1989

Neonatal Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism In Pakistan, Murntaz Lakhani, Mohammad Khurshid, Shehla H. Naqvi, Mohammad Akber

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Congenital hypothyroidism is a preventable cause of mental retardation. Since clinical signs of congenital hypothyroidism do not generally become obvious before three months of age, screening programmes have been introduced in North America and Europe, which consist of T4 or TSH screening on newborn infants on the third day of life. The screening for congenital hypothyroidism was initiated in Pakistan by the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in March 1987. By April 1988, 5000 neonates were screened and five cases of congenital hypothyroidism were diagnosed. The study revealed the incidence of hypothyroidism to be one case per 1000 newborns which …

Go to article

First Prev