Ophthalmology Commons^™

Epidemiological Analysis Of Pediatric Ocular Trauma In Sports And Recreational Activities, Zachary Goodrich, Michael Foster, Cameron Dean, Jody He, Shambhawi Thakur, Lauren Mason, John Gote, Eric Crouch

Knowledge and Creativity Expo

Purpose: To characterize sports- and recreational activity- related orbital and ocular trauma presenting to a pediatric emergency department over an 11-year period.

Methods: Data from the electronic medical record of a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center was used to identify all cases of orbital and ocular trauma that occurred during sports or recreational activities between 1/1/2010 and 3/1/2021 in patients age 0 to 18 years old. Variables collected included activity type, age, sex, race, injured region, diagnosis, and treatment plan. Activities were categorized as contact sports, non-contact sports, or recreational activities. Comparative analyses used chi-square, ANOVA, t-tests, and Fisher exact …

Impact Of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy On Dry Eye, Keith E. Arnold, Michael J. Foster, Tomasz A. Tabernacki, Chase A. Turner, Peter A. Netland, Kirtishri Mishra

Department of Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose

To determine whether gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) influences tear system health in transgender individuals.

Methods

This retrospective cohort observational study analyzed data from transgender men and women ages ≥18-years between 2004 and 2024 via electronic medical record (EMR) data. Following propensity score matching, subjects on hormone therapy included 23,623 transgender men, 15,933 transgender women, and an equal number in each matched control group.

Results

Among transgender men and women, respectively, tear system disorders occurred in 0.90% and 0.94% of those using GAHT and 0.90% and 1.17% of those not using GAHT (p = 0.211, p = 0.072). There was …

Real-World Outcomes Of Combined Goniotomy And Canaloplasty Using The Streamline Surgical System, Taylor N. Drake, Kush Shah, Siddharth Bhargava, Constance O. Okeke

Department of Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose: To evaluate real-world outcomes of combined goniotomy and canaloplasty, performed with the Streamline Surgical System, on intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication burden in patients with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma in a US-based clinical practice.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective, single-center chart review included patients who underwent the Streamline procedure either as standalone or in combination with cataract surgery between January 2022 and December 2023. Outcome measures included change in mean IOP and number of IOP-lowering medications from baseline through 12 months, analyzed in the overall cohort, with exploratory subgroup analyses stratified by race and glaucoma severity (mild, moderate, …

Migration Of Copper Bullet Fragment Through The Orbit And Conjunctiva, Maxwell A. Levi, Mehron G. Kouhestani, Giovanni Disandro, Peter A. Netland

Department of Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

This is a case report of a 31-year-old female who sustained a gunshot wound to the left orbit, resulting in a ruptured globe and retained bullet fragments extending into the frontal lobe. The patient underwent enucleation without orbital implant, and no metallic fragments were recovered intraoperatively. Three months later, she returned with bloody conjunctival discharge. Examination revealed a 1.25-cm copper-colored metallic bullet jacket fragment spontaneously protruding through the conjunctiva. Serial CT imaging confirmed anterior and inferior migration of the bullet fragment over time, with a total migration distance of 32.9 mm through the orbit. The shrapnel was removed in clinic …

Outcomes Of Allogeneic Ocular Surface Stem Cell Transplantation, Albert Y. Cheung, Natalia Quiroz-Casian, Enrica Sarnicola, Gautam C. Ramanathan, Siddharth Nath, Edward J. Holland

Department of Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Allogeneic ocular surface stem cell transplantation (OSST) is an established therapeutic approach for limbal stem cell deficiency, utilizing techniques such as keratolimbal allograft (KLAL), living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (lr-CLAL), allogeneic cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (allo-CLET), and allogeneic simple limbal epithelial transplantation (allo-SLET). This review synthesizes evidence from 35 studies encompassing 1, 268 eyes with at least 24 months of follow-up to evaluate intermediate- and long-term outcomes. Overall, OSST is associated with improvement in visual acuity and restoration of ocular surface stability, although success rates vary widely by technique, ranging from 13% to 87%. Outcomes appear to be influenced by the …

Hyphema Associated With Water Bead Projectile Toys: A Retrospective Comparative Study, Aashri I. Aggarwal, Priya K. Singh, Diego E. Arias, Peter A. Netland

Department of Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose: Superabsorbent water beads can be used in projectile toy guns. We aimed to characterize water bead-related hyphema and compare the prevalence with other causes of traumatic hyphema.

Methods: In this 10-month retrospective review, we identified 35 consecutive patients with traumatic hyphema presenting to the emergency department. Cases were grouped by injury mechanism, water bead-related compared with all other causes. Clinical data on initial presentation and subsequent visits were compared.

Results: In the patients with traumatic hyphema, 8 (23%) cases were due to water bead trauma. Bead-related cases involved significantly younger patients (16 ± 9 years) compared with other cases …

Acellular Bowman Layer And Descemet Membrane Allografts For Non-Ectatic Anterior Corneal Diseases: A Narrative Review Of Emerging Evidence, Hanna Pawlowski, Sanjana Molleti, W. Garrett Hayes, Nadim S. Azar, Albert Y. Cheung, Phillip C. Hoopes, Majid Moshirfar

Department of Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Penetrating keratoplasty has long been the standard treatment for many corneal pathologies, but interest has grown in less invasive, tissue-sparing alternatives. Bowman’s layer (BL) and Descemet’s membrane (DM) transplantation are two anterior approaches that use isolated acellular corneal layers to restore structural support and promote epithelial healing, while avoiding many of the limitations of full-thickness grafting. Although both techniques have been described for ectatic disorders, their theoretically low immunogenicity, minimal long-term steroid requirements, and capacity to support reepithelialization make them appropriate options for a range of nonectatic indications. This narrative review describes the application of BL (11 studies) and DM …

Blurry With A Chance Of Ultrasound: A Case Of Sudden Vision Loss, Anjeza Cipi, Emily Sealy

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

[Case presentation] A 30-year-old man with Crohn’s disease presented to the emergency department (ED) with sudden, painless vision loss in his left eye. He described a central dark spot that rapidly progressed over 5 minutes to near-complete central vision loss, sparing peripheral vision. He denied trauma, exertion, Valsalva, or anticoagulant use. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed on supine patient using a high-frequency linear probe (10-15 MHz) with copious gel over the closed eyelid, avoiding direct pressure. While instructing the patient to look in different directions, the eye was scanned in its entirety in transverse and sagittal planes. Gain and depth …

Hooked On Sight: Teen With Eye Trauma, Anjeza Cipi, Emily Sealy

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

[Case presentation] A 14-year-old male with no prior ocular history presented to the emergency department after accidentally striking his left eye on a metal garden hook while on vacation. He experienced a brief flash of light but denied floaters, vision changes, pain, or diplopia. Visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally with correction. Pupils were equal and reactive, intraocular pressures were normal, and extraocular movements were intact. The injury noted is seen in Figures 1 and 2. There was no evidence of scleral penetration or foreign body on slit lamp examination. Intraocular pressure measurements were deferred until globe rupture was ruled out …

Exploring Angiotensin Ii And Oxidative Stress In Radiation-Induced Cataract Formation: Potential For Therapeutic Intervention, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Riana Dolland, Sandra R. Brown, Kan Wang, Damian Dolland, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Radiation-induced cataracts (RICs) represent a significant public health challenge, particularly impacting individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) through medical treatments, occupational settings, and environmental factors. Effective therapeutic strategies require a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying RIC formation (RICF). This study investigates the roles of angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxidative stress in RIC development, with a focus on their combined effects on lens transparency and cellular function. Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids, as well as the impact of Ang II on inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis. …

Gaze Transition Entropy As A Measure Of Attention Allocation In A Dynamic Workspace Involving Automation, Zixin Cui, Tetsuya Sato, Austin Jackson, Sampath Jayarathna, Makoto Itoh, Yusuke Yamani

Psychology Faculty Publications

Real-world work environments require operators to perform multiple tasks with continual support from an automated system. Eye movement is often used as a surrogate measure of operator attention, yet conventional summary measures such as percent dwell time do not capture dynamic transitions of attention in complex visual workspace. This study analyzed eye movement data collected in a controlled a MATB-II task environment using gaze transition entropy analysis. In the study, human subjects performed a compensatory tracking task, a system monitoring task, and a communication task concurrently. The results indicate that both gaze transition entropy and stationary gaze entropy, measures of …

Enabling Customization Of Discussion Forums For Blind Users, Mohan Sunkara, Yash Prakash, Hae-Na Lee, Sampath Jayarathna, Vikas Ashok

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Online discussion forums have become an integral component of news, entertainment, information, and video-streaming websites, where people all over the world actively engage in discussions on a wide range of topics including politics, sports, music, business, health, and world affairs. Yet, little is known about their usability for blind users, who aurally interact with the forum conversations using screen reader assistive technology. In an interview study, blind users stated that they often had an arduous and frustrating interaction experience while consuming conversation threads, mainly due to the highly redundant content and the absence of customization options to selectively view portions …

Autodesc: Facilitating Convenient Perusal Of Web Data Items For Blind Users, Yash Prakash, Mohan Sunkara, Hae-Na Lee, Sampath Jayarathna, Vikas Ashok

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Web data items such as shopping products, classifieds, and job listings are indispensable components of most e-commerce websites. The information on the data items are typically distributed over two or more webpages, e.g., a ‘Query-Results’ page showing the summaries of the items, and ‘Details’ pages containing full information about the items. While this organization of data mitigates information overload and visual cluttering for sighted users, it however increases the interaction overhead and effort for blind users, as back-and-forth navigation between webpages using screen reader assistive technology is tedious and cumbersome. Existing usability-enhancing solutions are unable to provide adequate support in …

Detecting Deceptive Dark-Pattern Web Advertisements For Blind Screen-Reader Users, Satwick Ram Kodandaram, Mohan Sunkara, Sampath Jayarathna, Vikas Ashok

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Advertisements have become commonplace on modern websites. While ads are typically designed for visual consumption, it is unclear how they affect blind users who interact with the ads using a screen reader. Existing research studies on non-visual web interaction predominantly focus on general web browsing; the specific impact of extraneous ad content on blind users' experience remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we conducted an interview study with 18 blind participants; we found that blind users are often deceived by ads that contextually blend in with the surrounding web page content. While ad blockers can address this problem via …

Eye Movement And Pupil Measures: A Review, Bhanuka Mahanama, Yasith Jayawardana, Sundararaman Rengarajan, Gavindya Jayawardena, Leanne Chukoskie, Joseph Snider, Sampath Jayarathna

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Our subjective visual experiences involve complex interaction between our eyes, our brain, and the surrounding world. It gives us the sense of sight, color, stereopsis, distance, pattern recognition, motor coordination, and more. The increasing ubiquity of gaze-aware technology brings with it the ability to track gaze and pupil measures with varying degrees of fidelity. With this in mind, a review that considers the various gaze measures becomes increasingly relevant, especially considering our ability to make sense of these signals given different spatio-temporal sampling capacities. In this paper, we selectively review prior work on eye movements and pupil measures. We first …

Solutions For Fermi Questions, January 2022: Question 1: Snow Volume; Question 2: Longbow Arrow Velocity, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Latanoprost And Timolol In Hydrogel Soft Drug-Dispensing Contact Lenses: A Comparative Analysis, Neha Potdar

Virginias Collegiate Honors Council Conference

Glaucoma patients only can instill glaucoma eye drops. This results in 1-7% absorption of the medication. Surveys show that patients forget to take their medication and have difficulty inserting their eye drops. Researchers at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary have developed latanoprost drug-dispensing hydrogel soft contact lenses that dispense the drug to help facilitate the process. However, some glaucoma patients do not respond to latanoprost because they have uveitic glaucoma or do not want to experience latanoprost’s ocular side effects. Patients need an alternative which can be inserted into these contact lenses. Another commonly used glaucoma drug is timolol …

Selective Fusion Of Structural And Functional Data For Improved Glaucoma Detection, Paul Y. Kim, Khan M. Iftekharuddin, Pinakin G. Davey, Gabor Holló, Martha Tóth, Anita Garas, Edward A. Essock

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This work proposes novel selective feature fusion of structural and functional data for improved glaucoma detection. The structural data such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement acquired by scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) is fused with the functional visual field (VF) measurement recorded from the standard automated perimetry (SAP) test. The proposed selective feature fusion exploits correspondence between structural and functional data obtained over multiple sectors. The correlation coefficients for corresponding structural-function sector pairs are used as weights in subsequent feature selection. The sectors are ranked according to the correlation coefficients and the first four highly ranked sectors are …

Large Reductions Are Possible In Older Driver Crashes At Intersections, Siby Samuel, Yusuke Yamani, Danald L. Fisher

Psychology Faculty Publications

Among all crash types, the largest percentage of older driver fatalities occur at intersections. Many explanations have been offered for older drivers' increased risks of crashing at intersections; however, only recently was it determined that older drivers were much less likely to glance for latent threats after entering an intersection than middle-aged drivers. In response, training programmes were designed to increase the frequency of such glances. The programmes have proven effective, doubling the frequency of these glances for up to a period of two years post-training. The programmes take only an hour to administer and are not directly targeted at …

Cannabinoids: A Novel Treatment Strategy For Retinal Neurodegenerative Disorders, Sandeep Samudre

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Synthetic and naturally occurring cannabinoids are known to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucomatous damage to the retina and optic nerve progresses even after therapy to maintain normal intraocular pressure (IOP). Topical application of cannabinoids decreases IOP while not affecting blood pressure or heart rate. Based upon their effects on other tissues, we hypothesize that these analogs reduce IOP and may also confer direct neuroprotective effects on the retina, possibly via CB1 and/or CB2 receptors. The purpose of this study is to determine if the newly synthesized CB agonists, lipid soluble O-1812 (CB 1), and water soluble O-2545 (CB 1

The …