Ophthalmology Commons^™

Inflammation And Fibrosis In Orbital Inflammatory Disease: A Histopathologic Analysis., Rohan Verma, Allison J Chen, Dongseok Choi, David J Wilson, Hans E Grossniklaus, Roger A Dailey, John D Ng, Eric A Steele, Stephen R Planck, Craig N Czyz, Bobby S Korn, Don O Kikkawa, Jill A Foster, Michael Kazim, Gerald J Harris, Deepak P Edward, Azza Al Maktabi, James T Rosenbaum

Surgery Articles

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the histopathologic inflammation and fibrosis of orbital adipose tissue in orbital inflammatory disease (OID) specimens.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, inflammation, and fibrosis in orbital adipose tissue from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), sarcoidosis, nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI), and healthy controls were scored by 2 masked ocular pathologists. Both categories were scored on a scale of 0 to 3 with scoring criteria based on the percentage of specimens containing inflammation or fibrosis, respectively. Tissue specimens were collected from oculoplastic surgeons at 8 international centers representing 4 …

Cardiovascular Risk Stratification In Diabetic Retinopathy Via Atherosclerotic Pathway In Covid-19/Non-Covid-19 Frameworks Using Artificial Intelligence Paradigm: A Narrative Review., Smiksha Munjral, Mahesh Maindarkar, Puneet Ahluwalia, Anudeep Puvvula, Ankush Jamthikar, Tanay Jujaray, Neha Suri, Sudip Paul, Rajesh Pathak, Luca Saba, Renoh Johnson Chalakkal, Suneet Gupta, Gavino Faa, Inder M Singh, Paramjit S Chadha, Monika Turk, Amer M Johri, Narendra N Khanna, Klaudija Viskovic, Sophie Mavrogeni, John R Laird, Gyan Pareek, Martin Miner, David W Sobel, Antonella Balestrieri, Petros P Sfikakis, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios Protogerou, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, George D Kitas, Raghu Kolluri, Jagjit Teji, Mustafa Al-Maini, Surinder K Dhanjil, Meyypan Sockalingam, Ajit Saxena, Aditya Sharma, Vijay Rathore, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Vijay Viswanathan, Padukode R Krishnan, Tomaz Omerzu, Subbaram Naidu, Andrew Nicolaides, Mostafa M Fouda, Jasjit S Suri

Heart and Vascular Articles

Diabetes is one of the main causes of the rising cases of blindness in adults. This microvascular complication of diabetes is termed diabetic retinopathy (DR) and is associated with an expanding risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients. DR, in its various forms, is seen to be a powerful indicator of atherosclerosis. Further, the macrovascular complication of diabetes leads to coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, the timely identification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications in DR patients is of utmost importance. Since CAD risk assessment is expensive for low-income countries, it is important to look for surrogate biomarkers for risk stratification …

Factors Influencing Fellowship Training Among Ophthalmology Residents: A Pilot Study., Craig N Czyz, Rahul Kashyap, Laura L Wayman

Medical Education Articles

OBJECTIVE: There has been an increase in ophthalmology fellowship training programs and applicants. The current ophthalmology literature lacks any recent study examining factors influencing residents' decisions to pursue subspecialty fellowship training.

METHODS: An anonymous, 16-item survey was distributed to residents from a convenience sample of ophthalmology residency programs by their program directors or administrators.

RESULTS: A total of 72 residents and 9 interns from 9 distinct programs completed the survey. Eighty-two percent of respondents reported they have either applied or will apply for a fellowship position. Gender and race showed no significant association with fellowship application. Respondents perceived that obtaining …

Visible Meibomian Gland Structure Increases After Vectored Thermal Pulsation Treatment In Dry Eye Disease Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction., Arjan S Hura, Alice T Epitropoulos, Craig N Czyz, Eric D Rosenberg

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of vectored thermal pulsation treatment (VTP) on visible meibomian gland structure (VGS) in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

SETTING: Private group practice (A.T.E.).

DESIGN: Retrospective, single-blinded cohort study.

METHODS: Visible meibomian gland structure was evaluated at baseline and at 1-year in treatment (30 patients, 48 eyes) and control (13 patients, 22 eyes) groups. Meibography images were captured using dynamic meibomian imaging. Images were assessed using a novel morphometric analysis technique and analyzed for change in area of VGS (pixels). Additional outcomes measured include tear break up time, corneal staining, tear osmolarity, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), …

Doctor, I'M Seeing Two Of Everything., Alex Davis, Christopher M Lloyd

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

Acute diplopia is a rare chief complaint with a broad differential diagnosis; key historical and physical characteristics aid with emergency management. This case report discusses the important findings, imaging, and multidisciplinary interaction between emergency medicine, ophthalmology, and neurology regarding the approach to addressing acute painless vertical diplopia. A 51-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED), reporting that he was seeing 'two of everything,' since awakening. Although the patient had a history of ischemic stroke, he had never experienced this sensation of diplopia. His ED workup was essentially unremarkable; he was admitted for evaluation of the possibilities of a fourth …

Age-Matched, Case-Controlled Comparison Of Clinical Indicators For Development Of Entropion And Ectropion., Kevin S Michels, Craig N Czyz, Kenneth V Cahill, Jill A Foster, John A Burns, Kelly R Everman

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

Purpose. To analyze the clinical findings associated with involutional entropion and ectropion and compare them to each other and to age-matched controls. Methods. Prospective, age-matched cohort study involving 30 lids with involutional entropion, 30 lids with involutional ectropion, and 52 age-matched control lids. Results. The statistically significant differences associated with both the entropion and ectropion groups compared to the control group were presence of a retractor dehiscence, presence of a "white line," occurrence of orbital fat prolapse in the cul-de-sac, decreased lower lid excursion, increased lid laxity by the snapback test, and an increased lower lid distraction. Entropion also differed …