Ophthalmology Commons^™

Hyphema Associated With Water Bead Projectile Toys: A Retrospective Comparative Study, Aashri I. Aggarwal, Priya K. Singh, Diego E. Arias, Peter A. Netland

Department of Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose: Superabsorbent water beads can be used in projectile toy guns. We aimed to characterize water bead-related hyphema and compare the prevalence with other causes of traumatic hyphema.

Methods: In this 10-month retrospective review, we identified 35 consecutive patients with traumatic hyphema presenting to the emergency department. Cases were grouped by injury mechanism, water bead-related compared with all other causes. Clinical data on initial presentation and subsequent visits were compared.

Results: In the patients with traumatic hyphema, 8 (23%) cases were due to water bead trauma. Bead-related cases involved significantly younger patients (16 ± 9 years) compared with other cases …

Impact Of Postoperative Intraocular Pressure Spikes On Outcomes Following Goniotomy: A Comparative Study Of Surgical Techniques, Wesam S. Shalaby, Steven L. Chang, Julia Yu, Teresa Horan, Sagar Shah, Shahin Hallaj, Marlene Moster, Reza Razeghinejad, Daniel Lee, Michael Pro, Aakriti Shukla, Ping Huang, Jonathan S. Myers, Tina Xia, Dilru Amarasekera

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

AIM AND BACKGROUND:To compare postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes and 1-year surgical success among goniotomy procedures: Kahook Dual Blade (KDB), OMNI, bent ab interno needle goniotomy (BANG), and gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center, retrospective chart review included glaucoma patients ≥18 years, who underwent goniotomy from January 2021 to December 2022 with ≥3 months of follow-up. Primary outcomes were IOP spikes (≥10 mm Hg increase within 3 months) and 12-month surgical success (≥20% IOP and/or ≥1 medication reduction without further surgery). Secondary outcomes included IOP and medication changes.

RESULTS: Among 247 eyes (107 KDB, 63 OMNI, 77 …

Weight Loss Remains A Challenge For Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Patients: A Retrospective Case Series From Kenya, Zian Muikamba, Jaskirat Sokhi, Jasmit Shah, Sheila Marco, Juzar Hooker, Dilraj Sokhi

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological condition characterized by elevated intracranial CSF pressure without demonstratable evident causes. The mechanisms leading to a particular predilection for women of childbearing age who are overweight and obese or who have recent rapid weight changes remain imprecisely described. If undiagnosed, it can progress to disabling irreversible visual loss. Weight loss is useful in addition to medical therapy in treating the condition. There is a rise of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) but there is little published on IIH.

Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at our tertiary regional referral neurology centre …

Enhancing Cataract Surgery Outcomes: Optimal Use Of Pre- And Post-Operative Eye Drops, Keith Skolnick M.D., Anu Valiaveedu

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

Many preoperative and postoperative cataract patients struggle with comprehending the use of prescription medication as directed. Language barriers and low health literacy levels are major factors contributing to improper use of prescriptions. To increase patients comprehension, the Fort Lauderdale Eye Institute employed an educational intervention consisting of a live presentation and an instructional video. Results found that 44% of patients were hesitant to ask questions to clinical staff, 32% felt overwhelmed, and nearly 70% lacked confidence in using their prescribed eye drops. Following the intervention, 91% of patients reported increased confidence in their medications, and most indicated that the video …

Patterns Of Ophthalmology-Related Interfacility Transfers To The Emergency Department By Temporal Trends, Laura E. Ramirez, Michael Waxman, Denis R. Pauze, Edward J. Wladis

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Interfacility transfer patients are associated with inferior outcomes, higher costs, and emergency department (ED) overcrowding. Previous studies have analyzed the general trends influencing interfacility transfers, but the patterns affecting ophthalmology-related transfer rates remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the patterns of interfacility ophthalmology-specific transfers to the ED by temporal trends and to determine the type of ophthalmic services required by the transferred population.

Methods: All patients transferred to the ED of a single level 1 trauma center because of ophthalmology-related complaints from 2016 to 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Transfer and nontransfer …

Advanced Interactions Of Directed Energy With Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells And Their Photochemical And Photothermal Responses, Jin B. Ha

Theses & Dissertations

Excess optical radiation can injure the retina through either rapid heat deposition (photothermal damage) or cumulative photo‑oxidative stress (photochemical damage), yet current laser‑safety limits treat these mechanisms as independent. To test that assumption, this dissertation integrated systematic wavelength, duration and temperature‑controlled laser exposures with live/dead fluorescence imaging in a melanin‑loaded hTERT‑RPE1 monolayer model. First, concurrent 447 nm (blue) and 2 µm (infra‑red) beams delivered for 200 s demonstrated a strong thermal–photochemical synergy: each beam alone was sub‑threshold (≤25 % lethality) but together produced 100 % RPE death without exceeding 50 °C, proving that modest heating markedly lowers the photon dose …

Infectious Scleritis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review Of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, And Management Strategies, Hamidreza Ghanbari, Masoud Rahimi, Ali Momeni, Kiana Hassanpour, Nikoo Bayan, Karen E. Lee, Alex Hansen, Ali R. Djalilian, Christopher J. Rapuano, Mohammad Soleimani

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

This study aims to provide an update on infectious scleritis (IS). A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. IS is a rare but critical condition that presents significant diagnostic challenges and often leads to poor visual outcomes. It accounts for approximately 5%-10% of scleritis cases and warrants significant attention due to its delayed diagnosis. Ocular surgery is the primary contributor to IS, accounting for a substantial proportion of cases ranging from 58% to 83%, followed by trauma contributing to approximately 10% of cases. IS can be caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria (86%-87%), fungi (11%-13%), viruses, …

Topical Lifitegrast Therapy For Dry Eye Disease, Lama Assi, Salim C. Lutfallah, Tsz Wing Yim, Su Hsun Liu, Sharon J. Duffy, Jayne Weiss

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the effectiveness and safety of topical lifitegrast therapy alone or in combination with artificial tears, compared with a placebo, artificial tears alone, or no treatment for dry eye disease.

Demographic And Clinical Factors Associated With Mechanisms Of Open Globe Injury In The United States: A Multi-Center Study, Shruti Anant, Alicia Casella, Jason A. Greenfield, Sarah C. Miller, Kristine Y. Wang, Bita Momenaei, Karen Lee, Hana A. Mansour, Grant A. Justin, Kevin G. Makhoul, Racquel A. Bitar, Alice Lorch, Grayson W. Armstrong, Taku Wakabayashi, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Kara M. Cavuoto, Fasika Woreta

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: We sought to examine the demographic and clinical risk factors associated with specific mechanisms of open globe injuries (OGIs) and identify predictors of Zone III injuries across multiple tertiary eye care centers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: 1570 patients with OGIs presenting to the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Wills Eye Hospital between 2018-2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Multinomial and binomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between demographic and clinical risk factors with injury mechanisms and Zone III injuries.

RESULTS: Among the study population (74.2% male, mean age 48.2 years), falls …

Latin American Prevalence Of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Denisse J Mora-Paez, Jaime Guedes, Dillan Cunha Amaral, Marcelo Alves Ferreira, Bruno Fernandes, Sacha Pereira, Bruno Botton, Alisha Desai, Helena Messinger Pakter, Fabio Lavinsky, Adroaldo Alencar Costa Filho

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of all types of glaucoma in Latin America (LATAM) and evaluate potential demographic associations. This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024506330). A comprehensive search of PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science was conducted to identify population-based or cross-sectional studies reporting glaucoma prevalence in LATAM. Studies were categorized into two groups: Group 1 included general population studies without selection based on visual acuity (VA), and Group 2 included studies limited to individuals with VA < 20/60. Data from five studies in Group 1 (25,288 individuals) and eight studies in Group 2 (29,882 individuals) were analyzed using R software. The pooled prevalence of glaucoma was 4% (95% CI: 1–3%) in Group 1 and 1% (95% CI: 0–1%) in Group 2. No statistically significant associations were found between glaucoma prevalence and sex (p = 0.08) or age (p = 0.5669). Although our findings …

Adherence To Follow-Up Among High-Risk Nicu Patients, Iryna Muryn, Susan Mbullah Ndimah, Lisa Renee Eiland, Tara Lozy

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background:

Preterm infants, especially those ≤32 weeks' gestational age (GA) are at increased risk of vision and hearing loss. Risks of both vision and hearing loss can be ameliorated and in some cases prevented by conscientious screening, follow up and treatment. Universally, infants ≤32 weeks are cared for in neonatal intensive care units and there is considerable confidence that screenings and treatment occur according to established guidelines. At hospital discharge, follow up responsibility shifts to infant caretakers likely resulting in reduced compliance.

Objective:

We aimed to determine if preterm infants at risk for vision and hearing loss, attended follow up …

Is Increased Screen Time Associated With A Higher Prevalence Of Myopia In Elementary-Aged Children Globally?​, Katerina Kasatkin, Sree Gowri Sudharshan, Lakumi Dias, Adira Brenner, Emily Reilly, Maikel Mansour

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background: The onset of myopia in children has emerged as a significant public health concern, especially with increased screen time and reduced outdoor activity following the COVID-19 pandemic. The global prevalence of myopia is expected to rise significantly, with children being particularly vulnerable. Various studies have explored how screen time, near-work activities, and outdoor exposure influence the increasing prevalence of myopia in pediatric populations worldwide.

Hypothesis: This paper aims to evaluate whether increased screen time, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, is associated with a higher prevalence of myopia in young children, providing a more robust understanding of this relationship across …

Addressing Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence In Low-Income Communities: Barriers To Quality Healthcare And Strategies For Equitable Treatment Access, Morkeia A. Mutchelknaus

Honors Thesis

Studies have shown a strong correlation between diabetes and individuals in low-income communities, which often lack access to equitable healthcare for a variety of reasons. This honors thesis will focus on diabetic retinopathy, its prevalence, prevention, and treatment strategies in both low- and high-income communities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to define diabetic retinopathy, assess its prevalence, and review past and present approaches to its treatment and prevention. This paper aims to identify strategies to improve healthcare accessibility in low-income communities by analyzing current strategies in place to prevent and treat diabetic retinopathy and proposing potential solutions that will …

Semaglutide And Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Cindy X Cai, Michelle Hribar, Sally Baxter, Kerry Goetz, Swarup S Swaminathan, Alexis Flowers, Eric N Brown, Brian Toy, Benjamin Xu, John Chen, Aiyin Chen, Sophia Wang, Cecilia Lee, Theodore Leng, Joshua R Ehrlich, Andrew Barkmeier, Karen R Armbrust, Michael V Boland, David Dorr, Danielle Boyce, Thamir Alshammari, Joel Swerdel, Marc A Suchard, Martijn Schuemie, Fan Bu, Anthony G Sena, George Hripcsak, Akihiko Nishimura, Paul Nagy, Thomas Falconer, Scott L Duvall, Michael Matheny, Benjamin Viernes, William O'Brien, Linying Zhang, Benjamin Martin, Erik Westlund, Nestoras Mathioudakis, Ruochong Fan, Adam Wilcox, Albert Lai, Jacqueline C Stocking, Sahar Takkouche, Lok Hin Lee, Yangyiran Xie, Izabelle Humes, David B Mccoy, Mohammad Adibuzzaman, Raymond G Areaux, William Rojas-Carabali, James Brash, David A Lee, Nicole G Weiskopf, Louise Mawn, Rupesh Agrawal, Hannah Morgan-Cooper, Priya Desai, Patrick B Ryan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance

Semaglutide, a glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has recently been implicated in cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), raising safety concerns in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

To investigate the potential association between semaglutide and NAION in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective study across 14 databases (6 administrative claims and 8 electronic health records). Included were adults with T2D taking semaglutide, other GLP-1RA (dulaglutide, exenatide), or non–GLP-1RA medications (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, glipizide) from December 1, 2017, to December 31, 2023. The incidence proportion …

Molecular Modification Of Queen Bee Acid And 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid With Specific Tripeptides: Rational Design, Organic Synthesis, And Assessment For Prohealing And Antimicrobial Hydrogel Properties, Song Hong, Sachin B. Baravkar, Yan Lu, Abdul Razak Masoud, Qi Zhao, Weilie Zhou

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Royal jelly and medical grade honey are traditionally used in treating wounds and infections, although their effectiveness is often variable and insufficient. To overcome their limitations, we created novel amphiphiles by modifying the main reparative and antimicrobial components, queen bee acid (hda) and 10-hydroxyl-decanoic acid (hdaa), through peptide bonding with specific tripeptides. Our molecular design incorporated amphiphile targets as being biocompatible in wound healing, biodegradable, non-toxic, hydrogelable, prohealing, and antimicrobial. The amphiphilic molecules were designed in a hda(hdaa)-aa1-aa2-aa3 structural model with rational selection criteria for each moiety, prepared via Rink/Fmoc-tBu-based solid-phase peptide synthesis, and structurally verified by NMR and LC–MS/MS. …

Transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation In A Double-Masked Randomized Clinical Trial: Visual Functional Effect And Quality Of Life, Maria De Los Angeles Ramos Cadena, Ashley Sohn, Heather Livengood, Ting-Fang Lee, Batsheva Rubin, Jiyuan Hu, Bernhard A. Sabel, Rachel Matayev, Joseph Panarelli, Gadi Wollstein, Joel S. Schuman

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS) treatment by assessing vision-related quality of life and visual function outcome in subjects treated with rtACS versus sham-control.

STUDY DESIGN: Double masked, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial (NCT03188042).

SUBJECTS: Sixteen subjects with moderate-to-advanced glaucoma (visual field [VF] mean deviation [MD] ≤-6.00 decibels) randomized into sham (9 subjects) or rtACS intervention (7 subjects) groups.

METHODS: Subjects underwent 10 rtACS sessions over 2 weeks. All subjects had comprehensive ocular examination at baseline, 1-week, and 4-weeks posttreatment.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), VF MD, number of …

Fetal Brain-Derived Exosomal Mirnas From Maternal Blood: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers For Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (Fasds), Nune Darbinian, Monica Hampe, Diana Martirosyan, Ahsun Bajwa, Armine Darbinyan, Nana Merabova, Gabriel Tatevosian, Laura Goetzl, Shohreh Amini, Michael E Selzer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are leading causes of neurodevelopmental disability but cannot be diagnosed early in utero. Because several microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in other neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, the effects of EtOH exposure on the expression of these miRNAs and their target genes and pathways were assessed. In women who drank alcohol (EtOH) during pregnancy and non-drinking controls, matched individually for fetal sex and gestational age, the levels of miRNAs in fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-Es) isolated from the mothers’ serum correlated well with the contents of the corresponding fetal brain tissues obtained after voluntary pregnancy termination. In six …

Eye Infection Risks From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Via Hand Soap And Eye Drops, Anna Gitter, Kristina D Mena, Karla S Mendez, Fuqing Wu, Charles P Gerba

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Eye infections from bacterial contamination of bulk-refillable liquid soap dispensers and artificial tear eye drops continue to occur, resulting in adverse health outcomes that include impaired vision or eye enucleation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a common cause of eye infections, can grow in eye drop containers and refillable soap dispensers to high numbers. To assess the risk of eye infection, a quantitative microbial risk assessment for P. aeruginosa was conducted to predict the probability of an eye infection for two potential exposure scenarios: (i) individuals using bacteria-contaminated eye drops and (ii) contact lens wearers washing their hands with …

High Clinical Exome Sequencing Diagnostic Rates And Novel Phenotypic Expansions For Nonisolated Microphthalmia, Anophthalmia, And Coloboma, Bhavana Kunisetty, Bailey A Martin-Giacalone, Xiaonan Zhao, Pamela N Luna, Brian P Brooks, Robert B Hufnagel, Chad A Shaw, Jill A Rosenfeld, A J Agopian, Philip J Lupo, Daryl A Scott

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: A molecular diagnosis is only made in a subset of individuals with nonisolated microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC). This may be due to underutilization of clinical (whole) exome sequencing (cES) and an incomplete understanding of the genes that cause MAC. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of cES in cases of nonisolated MAC and to identify new MAC phenotypic expansions.

METHODS: We determined the efficacy of cES in 189 individuals with nonisolated MAC. We then used cES data, a validated machine learning algorithm, and previously published expression data, case reports, and animal models to determine …

Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias In Persons With Glaucoma: A National Cohort Study, Casey Crump, Jan Sundquist, Weiva Sieh, Kristina Sundquist

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that potentially may be associated with other cerebral neurodegenerative processes leading to dementia. However, prior studies have been inconsistent. We examined dementia risks after glaucoma diagnosis in a large population-based cohort.

DESIGN: National matched cohort study.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 324 730 persons diagnosed with glaucoma during 1995-2017 in Sweden and 3 247 300 age- and sex-matched population-based controls without prior dementia.

METHODS: Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and all-cause dementia in persons with glaucoma compared with controls, adjusting for …

Ocular Syphilis: A Case Report And Public Health Discussion, Andrew L. Fine, Hope V. Daskalakis, Rutwik Pradeep Sharma M.D., Mirna Ogeilat M.D.

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Ocular Syphilis describes a localized manifestation of a systemic treponema pallidum infection. It most commonly presents with decreased visual acuity due to uveitis and can occur at any time throughout the disease course. This report describes a case of undiagnosed syphilis that was serendipitously diagnosed with blood product screening. This case highlights the need for better public education and outreach pertaining to sexually transmitted infections. This report will detail this patient's clinical course and discuss how healthcare providers can aid in early disease detection to improve both patient outcomes and overall public health.

Performance Of Automated Machine Learning In Predicting Outcomes Of Pneumatic Retinopexy, Arina Nisanova, Arefeh Yavary, Jordan Deaner, Ferhina Ali, Priyanka Gogte, Richard Kaplan, Kevin Chen, Eric Nudleman, Dilraj Grewal, Meenakashi Gupta, Jeremy Wolfe, Michael Klufas, Glenn Yiu, Iman Soltani, Parisa Emami-Naeini

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: Automated machine learning (AutoML) has emerged as a novel tool for medical professionals lacking coding experience, enabling them to develop predictive models for treatment outcomes. This study evaluated the performance of AutoML tools in developing models predicting the success of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) in treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). These models were then compared with custom models created by machine learning (ML) experts.

DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter study.

PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and thirty nine consecutive patients with primary RRD that underwent PR by a vitreoretinal fellow at 6 training hospitals between 2002 and 2022.

METHODS: We used 2 AutoML …

Exploring Angiotensin Ii And Oxidative Stress In Radiation-Induced Cataract Formation: Potential For Therapeutic Intervention, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Riana Dolland, Sandra R. Brown, Kan Wang, Damian Dolland, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Radiation-induced cataracts (RICs) represent a significant public health challenge, particularly impacting individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) through medical treatments, occupational settings, and environmental factors. Effective therapeutic strategies require a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying RIC formation (RICF). This study investigates the roles of angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxidative stress in RIC development, with a focus on their combined effects on lens transparency and cellular function. Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids, as well as the impact of Ang II on inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis. …

Social Determinants Of Health: Evaluation Using Rates Of Vision Screening And Follow-Up Examinations, Madeline Dyer

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Vision care is essential to the quality of life of young children, impacting them over the course of their lives. Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) affect the likelihood of a child having access to appropriate care specified by the Bright Futures. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of SDOH on the completion of vision screening and the rate of follow-up with an eye care provider when applicable. In addition, rates of instrument-based vision screening and recommended ophthalmology follow-up were compared with COI, a metric assessing the quality of resources available and the conditions that matter for …

The Iris Registry: A Novel Approach To Clinical Registry Development In Ophthalmology, John C. Lin, Leslie Hyman, Ingrid U. Scott

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

No abstract provided.

Pediatric Eye Care Treatment Rates And Community Compliance To A Spectacle Provision Program In An Underserved School District In San Diego, Ca, Matthew C.H. Rohn, Flynn O'Sullivan, Stuart I. Brown, Eric Hernandez, Shyamanga Borooah, Iliana Molina

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

SIGNIFICANCE: The need for early identification and treatment of young children's refractive error needs has become a public health concern. The UCSD Eyemobile for Children (EyeMobile) provides vision screenings and comprehensive eye exams on the Eyemobile among a population of underserved, predominantly Hispanic preschool and elementary school children. The program also provides spectacles for children who fail eye exams due to refractive error.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all children screened from 2011 to 2017 by the Eyemobile across 10 San Diego elementary schools. We examined demographics, distance and near visual acuity, autorefraction, stereopsis, and color vision. …

Frosted Branch Angiitis After Smallpox Vaccination, Kristen Collister, Sam S Dahr

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: To describe a patient presenting with frosted branch angiitis soon after small-pox vaccination.

OBSERVATIONS: Frosted branch angiitis (FBA) is an acute onset retinal vasculitis featuring prominent perivascular sheathing in otherwise healthy individuals. FBA has been associated with noninfectious and infectious etiologies. This report describes a twenty-year-old African American female who developed bilateral frosted branch angiitis one week after small-pox vaccination. At presentation, the patient had bilateral, para-central visual field defects and subjective visual disturbances. On dilated exam, the patient demonstrated diffuse vasculitis bilaterally. The patient's field defects and clinical exam responded dramatically to oral prednisone therapy.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: …

Barriers To Care For Poststroke Visual Deficits In Alberta, Canada, Kiran Pohar Manhas, Karim F. Damji, Katelyn Brehon, Jennis Jiang, Peter Faris, Fiona Costello

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences

Poststroke visual impairment (VI) negatively affects rehabilitation potential and quality of life for stroke survivors. In this cross-sectional observational study, stroke survivors and providers were surveyed to quantify perspectives regarding care for poststroke VI in Alberta, Canada (n = 46 survivors; n = 87 providers). Few patients (35%) felt prepared to cope with VI at the time of discharge from acute stroke and inpatient rehabilitation settings. Less than 25% of stroke survivors, and <16% of providers, felt referral processes were adequate. 95.2% of providers and 82% of stroke survivors advocated for a provincial clinical pathway to improve care quality for poststroke VI.

Interventions To Improve Adherence To Recommended Diabetic Retinopathy Screening In Adult Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review, Clare Anderson Bsn, Rn, Dnp, Fnp, Sarah May Bsn, Rn, Dnp, Fnp, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in adults. Current guidelines recommend that all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a DR screening (DRS) upon diagnosis of T2DM and then annually, but the adherence rate is only approximately 60%. This scoping review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of primary care providers (PCPs) employing strategies to increase compliance with annual DRS among adult patients with T2DM.

Methods Between September 2021 and January 2022, a literature review was performed to collect studies evaluating interventions to increase adherence to DRS. Individual searches of PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL were …

Hygiene In The United States Brow Shaping Industry: A Benchmarking Report, Zachary Snow, Adam Ruff, Jacob Glass, Lora Glass

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Purpose: To provide a current benchmark of hand hygiene and brow cleansing in the brow shaping industry across the United States of America.

Background: Brow abscesses have been linked to the microtrauma associated with brow shaping. This paper provides an understanding of normative standards of hand hygiene and brow cleansing in the brow shaping industry at both the regional and national levels.

Methods: This project involved a phone survey of 255 brow salons across the United States – 5 from the most populous city in every state and Washington, D.C. Uni- and multivariate associations between regional and national brow hygiene …