Geriatrics Commons^™

Dynamics Of Anti-Influenza Mucosal Iga Over A Season In A Cohort Of Individuals Living Or Working In A Long-Term Care Facility, Matt D T Hitchings, Brooke A Borgert, Adam Shir, Bingyi Yang, Kyra H Grantz, Jacob Ball, Carlos A Moreno, Kenneth Rand, Parker A Small, Keith R Fowke, Derek A T Cummings

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Serological surveys are used to ascertain influenza infection and immunity, but evidence for the utility of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) as a correlate of infection or protection is limited.

METHODS: We performed influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance on 220 individuals living or working in a retirement community in Gainesville, Florida from January to May 2018, and took pre- and postseason nasal samples of 11 individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza infection and 60 randomly selected controls. Mucosal IgA against 10 strains of influenza was measured from nasal samples.

RESULTS: Overall, 28.2% and 11.3% of individuals experienced a 2-fold and …

Effectiveness Of An Emergency Department-Based Machine Learning Clinical Decision Support Tool To Prevent Outpatient Falls Among Older Adults: Protocol For A Quasi-Experimental Study, Daniel J Hekman, Amy L Cochran, Apoorva P Maru, Hanna J Barton, Manish N Shah, Douglas Wiegmann, Maureen A Smith, Frank Liao, Brian W Patterson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

Emergency department (ED) providers are important collaborators in preventing falls for older adults because they are often the first health care providers to see a patient after a fall and because at-home falls are often preceded by previous ED visits. Previous work has shown that ED referrals to falls interventions can reduce the risk of an at-home fall by 38%. Screening patients at risk for a fall can be time-consuming and difficult to implement in the ED setting. Machine learning (ML) and clinical decision support (CDS) offer the potential of automating the screening process. However, it remains unclear whether …

Accelerated Epigenetic Aging In Older Adults With Hiv Disease: Associations With Serostatus, Hiv Clinical Factors, And Health Literacy, Steven Paul Woods, Antonio L Teixeira, Lais B Martins, Gabriel R Fries, Gabriela D Colpo, Natalia P Rocha

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The prevalence of older persons with HIV (PWH) disease has increased considerably in the last 20 years, but our understanding of biological factors of aging and their clinical correlates among PWH remains limited. Study participants were 149 persons aged 50 and older, including 107 PWH and 42 seronegatives. All participants completed a blood draw, research medical evaluation, structured psychiatric interview, neurocognitive assessment, questionnaires, and measures of health literacy. Four epigenetic clocks were generated from stored blood samples using standardized laboratory methods. In regression models adjusting for sex and smoking status, PWH had significantly higher epigenetic aging acceleration values than seronegatives …

The Association Of Race And Ethnicity With Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Individuals Diagnosed With Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy, Ashok Krishnaswami, Michael W Rich, Min Ji Kwak, Parag Goyal, Daniel E Forman, Abdulla A Damluji, Matthew Solomon, Jamal S Rana, Deborah M Kado, Michelle C Odden

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

AIMS: Randomized clinical trials of hypertension treatment intensity evaluate the effects on incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Occurrences after a non-fatal index event have not been rigorously evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of intensive (<120 >mmHg) to standard (<140 >mmHg) blood pressure (BP) treatment with mortality mediated through a non-fatal MACE or non-fatal SAE in 9361 participants in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Logistic regression and causal mediation modelling to obtain direct and mediated effects of intensive BP treatment. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality …

Prescribing Patterns Of Fall Risk-Increasing Drugs In Older Adults Hospitalized For Heart Failure, Esther Liu, Musarrat Nahid, Mahad Musse, Ligong Chen, Sarah N Hilmer, Andrew Zullo, Min Ji Kwak, Mark Lachs, Emily B Levitan, Monika M Safford, Parag Goyal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Older adults hospitalized for heart failure (HF) are at risk for falls after discharge. One modifiable contributor to falls is fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). However, the prevalence of FRIDs among older adults hospitalized for HF is unknown. We describe patterns of FRIDs use and examine predictors of a high FRID burden.

METHODS: We used the national biracial REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a prospective cohort recruited from 2003-2007. We included REGARDS participants aged ≥ 65 years discharged alive after a HF hospitalization from 2003-2017. We determined FRIDs -cardiovascular (CV) and non-cardiovascular (non-CV) medications - …

Guiding Post-Hospital Recovery By 'What Matters:' Implementation Of Patient Priorities Identification In A Va Community Living Center, Katherine C Ritchey, Laurence M Solberg, Sandra Wolfe Citty, Lea Kiefer, Erica Martinez, Caroline Gray, Aanand D Naik

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Patient priorities care (PPC) is an effective age-friendly health systems (AFHS) approach to aligning care with goals derived from 'what matters'. The purpose of this quality improvement program was to evaluate the fidelity and feasibility of the health priorities identification (HPI) process in VA Community Living Centers (CLC).

METHODS: PPC experts worked with local CLC staff to guide the integration of HPI into the CLC and utilized a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model for this quality improvement project. PPC experts reviewed health priorities identification (HPI) encounters and interdisciplinary team (IDT) meetings for fidelity to the HPI process of PPC. Qualitative interviews …

Satisfaction Of Older Patients With Emergency Department Care: Psychometric Properties And Construct Validity Of The Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale, Peter L T Hoonakker, Pascale Carayon, Roger L Brown, Rebecca Schwei, Rebecca K Green, Mackenzie Rabas, Ly Hoang, Kathryn L Wust, Rachel Rutkowski, Megan E Salwei, Hanna J Barton, Manish N Shah, Michael S Pulia, Brian W Patterson, Paula V W Dail, Sheryl Krause, Denise Buckley, Jennifer Hankwitz, Nicole E Werner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of quality of care, but its measurement remains challenging. The Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale (CECSS) was developed to measure patient satisfaction in the emergency department (ED). Although this is a valid and reliable tool, several aspects of the CECSS need to be improved, including the definition, dimension, and scoring of scales.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the CECSS and make suggestions on how to improve the tool to measure overall satisfaction with ED care.

METHODS: We administered 2 surveys to older adults who presented …

Sex- And Ethnic-Specific Patterns In The Incidence Of Hip Fracture Among Older Us Asian And Non-Hispanic White Adults, Joan C Lo, Malini Chandra, David R Lee, Jeanne A Darbinian, Nancy P Gordon, David W Zeltser, Christopher D Grimsrud, Catherine Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Asian and Pacific Islander (Asian/PI) adults have lower hip fracture incidence than non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, but data regarding Asian/PI subgroups are limited. We compared hip fracture incidence among older US Asian/PI and NHW populations, including ethnic subgroup differences.

METHODS: Using observational data from a California healthcare system, we identified Asian/PI and NHW adults aged ≥50 years (2000-2019) and followed subjects to 2021 for hip fracture determined by principal/primary hospital diagnosis or by secondary hospital diagnosis with hip/femur procedure codes. Age-adjusted hip fracture incidence was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Log-Poisson regression was used to determine fracture incidence …

Differential Effects Of An Ed-To-Home Care Transitions Intervention In An Older Adult Population: A Latent Class Analysis, Rebecca K Green, Kenneth J Nieser, Gwen C Jacobsohn, Amy L Cochran, Thomas V Caprio, Jeremy T Cushman, Amy J H Kind, Michael Lohmeier, Manish N Shah

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Older adults frequently return to the emergency department (ED) within 30 days of a visit. High-risk patients can differentially benefit from transitional care interventions. Latent class analysis (LCA) is a model-based method used to segment the population and test intervention effects by subgroup.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify latent classes within an older adult population from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an ED-to-home transitional care program and test whether class membership modified the intervention effect.

RESEARCH DESIGN: Participants were randomized to receive the Care Transitions Intervention or usual care. Study staff collected outcomes data through medical …

Real-World Safety Of Neurohormonal Antagonist Initiation Among Older Adults Following A Heart Failure Hospitalization, Parag Goyal, Andrew R Zullo, Barbara Gladders, Chukwuma Onyebeke, Min Ji Kwak, Larry A Allen, Emily B Levitan, Monika M Safford, Lauren Gilstrap

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

AIMS: To optimize guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure, patients may require the initiation of multiple neurohormonal antagonists (NHAs) during and following hospitalization. The safety of this approach for older adults is not well established.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted an observational cohort study of 207 223 Medicare beneficiaries discharged home following a hospitalization for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (2008-2015). We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between the count of NHAs initiated within 90 days of hospital discharge (as a time-varying exposure) and all-cause mortality, all-cause rehospitalization, and fall-related adverse events over the …

Clinical Outcomes Of Immunotherapy Continued Beyond Radiographic Disease Progression In Older Adult Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Eric K Singhi, Frank Mott, Michelle Worst, Cheuk Hong Leung, J Jack Lee, Brett Carter, Carolyn J Presley, John V Heymach, Mehmet Altan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Immunotherapy is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment strategy for older adult patients (aged ≥70 years) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, most patients who receive immunotherapy eventually exhibit disease progression during treatment. The present study reports on a subset of older adult patients with advanced NSCLC who could effectively continue immunotherapy beyond radiographic disease progression due to perceived clinical benefit. Local consolidative radiotherapy may be used in select older adult patients to prolong the duration of immunotherapy they receive, with a particular consideration of their preexisting co-morbidities, performance status and tolerance of potential toxicities associated with combined …

Giant Cell Arteritis In An Elderly Female With Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Ashwin Parchani, Ashish Baweja, Harnoor Singh, Yatharth Malik, Vinod Gupta, Minakshi Dhar, Monika Pathania

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a type of systemic vasculitis that primarily affects people over the age of 50 and affects the medium to large arteries. GCA's clinical manifestations can be varied and non-specific, similar to those observed in atherosclerosis. Here, the authors present a case of an elderly woman with pulmonary tuberculosis with GCA masquerading as atherosclerosis.

High Pulse Pressure Impairs Cerebral Artery Endothelial Function In Young, But Not Old, Mice, Nick R Winder, Emily H Reeve, Elise K Kronquist, Aleena Khurana, Byron Lee, Thuan Nguyen, Grant D Henson, Ashley E Walker

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

One of the hallmarks of vascular aging is increased pulse pressure. This elevated pulse pressure is associated with deleterious effects on cerebral vascular function; however, it is unknown if age modulates the susceptibility to high pulse pressure. To examine the effects of age on the cerebral artery response to pulse pressure, we studied isolated cerebral arteries collected from young (6.1 ± 0.2 mo) and old (26.7 ± 0.5 mo) male C57BL/6 mice. Isolated cerebral arteries were exposed ex vivo to static pressure, low pulse pressure (25 mmHg), and high pulse pressure (50 mmHg). In cerebral arteries from young mice, endothelium-dependent …

Panoptosis Is A Prominent Feature Of Desmoplakin Cardiomyopathy, Melis Olcum, Leila Rouhi, Siyang Fan, Maya M Gonzales, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Zhongming Zhao, Priyatansh Gurha, Ali J Marian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is hereditary cardiomyopathy caused by pathogenic variants (mutations) in genes encoding the intercalated disc (ID), particularly desmosome proteins. ACM caused by mutations in the

AIM: The aim of this article was to gain insight into the pathogenesis of DSP cardiomyopathy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The

CONCLUSION: The findings identify PANoptosis as a prominent phenotypic feature of DSP cardiomyopathy and set the stage for delineating the specific molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. The model also provides the opportunity to test the effects of pharmacological and genetic interventions on myocardial fibrosis and cell death.

Revolutionizing Bone Regeneration: Advanced Biomaterials For Healing Compromised Bone Defects, Kamal Awad, Neelam Ahuja, Ahmed S Yacoub, Leticia Brotto, Simon Young, Antonios Mikos, Pranesh Aswath, Venu Varanasi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In this review, we explore the application of novel biomaterial-based therapies specifically targeted towards craniofacial bone defects. The repair and regeneration of critical sized bone defects in the craniofacial region requires the use of bioactive materials to stabilize and expedite the healing process. However, the existing clinical approaches face challenges in effectively treating complex craniofacial bone defects, including issues such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and soft tissue loss. Given that a significant portion of individuals affected by traumatic bone defects in the craniofacial area belong to the aging population, there is an urgent need for innovative biomaterials to address the …

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Middle-Aged And Older Adult Vietnamese American Members Of A Northern California Health Plan, Donna B Haysbert, Joan C Lo, Nirmala D Ramalingam, Nancy P Gordon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: There is increasing recognition that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors vary by Asian subgroups. We examined CVD risk factor prevalence among Vietnamese adults in a northern California health plan.

METHODS: We used electronic health record data to examine smoking, overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥23.0 kg/m

RESULTS: Current smoking prevalence was 20.3% for middle-aged men, 7.0% for older men, and

CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that more research on health conditions, lifestyle, and social factors among Vietnamese American adults is needed to develop culturally competent interventions to reduce CVD risk in this growing ethnic group.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Meta-Analysis Of Brain Gene Expression Identifies Novel Gene Candidates And A Role For Mitochondria In Alzheimer’S Disease, Caitlin A Finney, Fabien Delerue, Wendy A Gold, David A Brown, Artur Shvetcov

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. There is no treatment and AD models have focused on a small subset of genes identified in familial AD. Microarray studies have identified thousands of dysregulated genes in the brains of patients with AD yet identifying the best gene candidates to both model and treat AD remains a challenge. We performed a meta-analysis of microarray data from the frontal cortex (n = 697) and cerebellum (n = 230) of AD patients and healthy controls. A two-stage artificial intelligence approach, with both unsupervised and supervised machine learning, combined with a functional …

G-Quadruplexes And Associated Proteins In Aging And Alzheimer’S Disease, M J Vijay Kumar, Rodrigo Morales, Andrey S Tsvetkov

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Aging is a prominent risk factor for many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms, accounting for most of the reported dementia cases. This disease is now becoming a major challenge and burden on modern society, especially with the aging population. Over the last few decades, a significant understanding of the pathophysiology of AD has been gained by studying amyloid deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. This review focuses on the role of non-canonical secondary structures of DNA/RNA G-quadruplexes (G4s, …

Comorbidities And Risk Factors Associated With Insomnia In The Elderly Population, Neil Mookerjee, Nicole Schmalbach, Gianna Antinori, Subhadra Thampi, Dylan Windle-Puente, Amy Gilligan, Ha Huy, Megha Andrews, Angela Sun, Roshni Gandhi, William Benedict, Austin Chang, Ben Sanders, Justin Nguyen, Maanika Reddy Keesara, Janet Aliev, Aneri Patel, Isaiah Hughes, Ian Millstein, Krystal Hunter, Satyajeet Roy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Sleep disorders affect around 50 to 70 million Americans, with chronic insomnia being the most common, especially in the elderly population. With an 11-fold increase in the US office visits due to insomnia, from 0.8 to 9.4 million, between 1993 and 2015, it is imperative to identify the modifiable risk factors. The aim of our study was to examine the association of risk factors and comorbid medical conditions with insomnia in patients 65 years, and older.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective electronic medical record review of the patients aged 65 years and older, who visited our suburban internal medicine …

The Gpcr–Gαs–Pka Signaling Axis Promotes T Cell Dysfunction And Cancer Immunotherapy Failure, Heather R Kregel, Lillian S Kao, Thaddeus J Puzio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The Progresses Of Knowledge And Technologies In Pediatrics, Kristofer Harris, Yaobin Ling, Avram S Bukhbinder, Luyao Chen, Kamal N Phelps, Gabriela Cruz, Jenna Thomas, Yejin Kim, Xiaoqian Jiang, Paul E Schulz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background:

Accumulating evidence suggests that adult vaccinations can reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias.

Objective:

To compare the risk for developing AD between adults with and without prior vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria, with or without pertussis (Tdap/Td); herpes zoster (HZ); or pneumococcus.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed using Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Included patients were free of dementia during a 2-year look-back period and were≥65 years old by the start of the 8-year follow-up period. We compared two similar cohorts identified using propensity score matching (PSM), one vaccinated …

Multimethod Process Evaluation Of A Community Paramedic Delivered Care Transitions Intervention For Older Emergency Department Patients, Gwen Costa Jacobsohn, Apoorva P Maru, Rebecca K Green, Angela N Gifford, Matthew D Lukasik, Tikiri Bandara, Thomas V Caprio, Amy L Cochran, Jeremy T Cushman, Courtney M C Jones, Amy J H Kind, Michael Lohmeier, Manish N Shah

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: We assessed fidelity of delivery and participant engagement in the implementation of a community paramedic coach-led Care Transitions Intervention (CTI) program adapted for use following emergency department (ED) visits.

METHODS: The adapted CTI for ED-to-home transitions was implemented at three university-affiliated hospitals in two cities from 2016 to 2019. Participants were aged ≥60 years old and discharged from the ED within 24 hours of arrival. In the current analysis, participants had to have received the CTI. Community paramedic coaches collected data on program delivery and participant characteristics at each transition contact via inventories and assessments. Participants provided commentary on …

Metastatic Seminoma Presenting As Neck And Axillary Lymphadenopathy In An Elderly Man, Binoy Yohannan, Allen Omo-Ogboi, Johncy John Kachira, Syed H Jafri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A man in his 60s presented with a gradual progressive right-sided neck mass. Initial core biopsy was inconclusive and he was treated with a short course of oral prednisone for presumed sarcoidosis. Two months later, the patient developed worsening dysphagia, hoarseness of voice, dyspnea, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed bilateral cervical and right axillary lymphadenopathy. A right axillary lymph node excisional biopsy was performed and immunohistochemistry was diffusely positive for OCT4, SALL4, CD117, PLAP, confirming the diagnosis of metastatic seminoma. He received three cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin; bleomycin was omitted for the fourth cycle due to concern …

Population-Based Mini-Mental State Examination Norms In Adults Of Mexican Heritage In The Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, Avram S Bukhbinder, Miriam Hinojosa, Kristofer Harris, Xiaojin Li, Christine M Farrell, Madison Shyer, Nathan Goodwin, Sahar Anjum, Omar Hasan, Susan Cooper, Lois Sciba, Amanda Falk Vargas, David H Hunter, Guadalupe J Ortiz, Karen Chung, Licong Cui, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Susan P Fisher-Hoch, Joseph B Mccormick, Paul E Schulz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background:

Accurately identifying cognitive changes in Mexican American (MA) adults using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) requires knowledge of population-based norms for the MMSE, a scale which has widespread use in research settings.

Objective:

To describe the distribution of MMSE scores in a large cohort of MA adults, assess the impact of MMSE requirements on their clinical trial eligibility, and explore which factors are most strongly associated with their MMSE scores.

Methods:

Visits between 2004–2021 in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort were analyzed. Eligible participants were ≥18 years old and of Mexican descent. MMSE distributions before and after stratification by …

Consistency Of Efficacy Results Across Various Clinical Measures And Statistical Methods In The Lecanemab Phase 2 Trial Of Early Alzheimer’S Disease, Shobha Dhadda, Michio Kanekiyo, David Li, Chad J Swanson, Michael Irizarry, Scott Berry, Lynn D Kramer, Donald A Berry

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Lecanemab (BAN2401) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that preferentially targets soluble aggregated Aβ species (protofibrils) with activity at insoluble fibrils and slowed clinical decline in an 18-month phase 2 proof-of-concept study (Study 201; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01767311) in 856 subjects with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this trial, subjects were randomized to five lecanemab dose regimens or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in the Alzheimer's Disease Composite Score (ADCOMS) at 12 months with Bayesian analyses. The key secondary endpoints were ADCOMS at 18 months and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SB) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog14) …

Prevalence Of Sleep-Related Problems And Risks In A Community-Dwelling Older Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study, Nancy P Gordon, Jimmy H Yao, Leslea A Brickner, Joan C Lo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence of adverse health consequences of inadequate restorative sleep for older adults, assessment of sleep quantity, quality, and use of sleep aids is not routinely done. We aimed to characterize sleep problems, sleep risks, and advice received about sleep in a community-dwelling older adult population, overall and in subgroups with health conditions and functional difficulties.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study used weighted self-report data for 5074 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 65-79y who responded to a 2017 or 2020 Member Health Survey. We estimated usual amount of sleep (< 6, 6 to < 7, ≥7 hours) and prevalence of sleep problems (frequent insomnia, frequent daytime fatigue, poor quality sleep, and potential sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms (frequent very loud snoring, apnea episodes)) for older adults overall, by self-rated health, and in subgroups reporting hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, frequent problems with balance/walking, and frequent memory problems. We also estimated percentages who regularly used sleep aids and had discussed sleep adequacy with a healthcare professional in the past year.

RESULTS: Approximately 30% of older adults usually got less …

Ags And Nia Bench-To Bedside Conference Summary: Cancer And Cardiovascular Disease, Supriya Mohile, Caroline S Blaum, Peter M Abadir, William Dale, Daniel E Forman, Chunkit Fung, Holly M Holmes, Javid Moslehi, Karen M Mustian, Michael W Rich, Heather E Whitson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This report summarizes the presentations, discussions, and recommendations of the most recent American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging research conference, "Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease," on October 18-19, 2021. The purpose of this virtual meeting was to address the interface between cancer and heart disease, which are the two leading causes of death among older Americans. Age-related physiologic changes are implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions. Emerging data suggest that cancer-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves disrupted cell signaling and cellular senescence. The risk factors for CVD are also risk factors for cancer and an increased likelihood of cancer …

Secure Human Action Recognition By Encrypted Neural Network Inference, Miran Kim, Xiaoqian Jiang, Kristin Lauter, Elkhan Ismayilzada, Shayan Shams

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Advanced computer vision technology can provide near real-time home monitoring to support "aging in place" by detecting falls and symptoms related to seizures and stroke. Affordable webcams, together with cloud computing services (to run machine learning algorithms), can potentially bring significant social benefits. However, it has not been deployed in practice because of privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a strategy that uses homomorphic encryption to resolve this dilemma, which guarantees information confidentiality while retaining action detection. Our protocol for secure inference can distinguish falls from activities of daily living with 86.21% sensitivity and 99.14% specificity, with an average …

Elucidating The Role Of Cerebellar Synaptic Dysfunction In C9orf72-Als/Ftd - A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Aleksandra Kaliszewska, Joseph Allison, Tarik-Tarkan Col, Christopher Shaw, Natalia Arias

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with synaptic dysfunction identified as an early pathological hallmark. Although TDP-43 pathology and overt neurodegeneration are largely absent from the cerebellum, the pathological hallmarks of RNA foci and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) inclusions are most abundant. Here, we present a systematic literature search in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Science Direct up until March 5, 2021, which yielded 19,515 publications. Following the exclusion criteria, 72 articles were included having referred to C9orf72 …

Detecting Cognitive Impairment And Dementia In The Emergency Department: A Scoping Review, Armin Nowroozpoor, Jeff Dussetschleger, William Perry, Mary Sano, Amy Aloysi, Michael Belleville, Alexandria Brackett, Jon Mark Hirshon, William Hung, Joan Michelle Moccia, Ugochi Ohuabunwa, Manish N Shah, Ula Hwang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To identify research and practice gaps to establish future research priorities to advance the detection of cognitive impairment and dementia in the emergency department (ED).

DESIGN: Literature review and consensus-based rankings by a transdisciplinary, stakeholder task force of experts, persons living with dementia, and care partners.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Scoping reviews focused on adult ED patients.

METHODS: Two systematic scoping reviews of 7 medical research databases focusing on best tools and approaches for detecting cognitive impairment and dementia in the ED in terms of (1) most accurate and (2) most pragmatic to implement. The results were screened, reviewed, and …