Medical Specialties Commons^™

Transcortical Approach For Central Neurocytoma: Efficacy, Safety, And Functional Outcome, Eslam Abozied Kandil

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Central neurocytoma (CN) is a rare intraventricular neuronal tumor that predominantly affects young adults and is frequently associated with obstructive hydrocephalus. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, yet the optimal surgical corridor and predictors of long-term outcome remain debated. Objective To evaluate the efficacy, safety, functional outcomes, and oncological control of transcortical microsurgical resection for central neurocytoma at a single neurosurgical center. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing transcortical resection of central neurocytoma between 2017 and 2025. Clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, surgical approach, extent of resection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, postoperative complications, functional outcomes, …

The Impact And Prevalence Of Pain In Adolescents And Children Living With Type-One Diabetes Mellitus, Randa Mohamed Darwish, Ayat Ibrahim Ghanem, Lamis Safwat Mubarak

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Pain is frequent but often underrated and even overlooked in adolescents and children living with type-one diabetes mellitus and can negatively impact their quality of life(QoL) and their cooperation within the management plan. Objective: To discern the common types , severity and prevalence of pain in pediatrics living with type-one-diabetes;compared to the group of diabetes-free control, and to probe associations with glycemic control, fatigue, and (QoL). Methods: This cross-sectional study incorporated 102 adolescents and children withtype -one- diabetesmellitus; and 99 age- and sex-matched healthy peers aged 8- 16 years. Pain intensity was evaluated using the (body-pain) domain in the …

Atrial Fibrillation After Off-Pump Versus On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery, Ahmed Abdalla Mohamed, Ahmed M Elshemy, Sherif M Elboghdady, Wael S Nekhila, Azza A Katta

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Among postoperative arrhythmic complications, atrial fibrillation (AF) exhibits the greatest prevalence after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study investigates the comparative prevalence of AF between on-pump and off-pump techniques. Aim To compare the POAF (post-operative atrial fibrillation) incidence between off-pump and on-pump CABG Methods A randomized (simple) cohort study prospectively investigated the influence of surgical practice in CABG, contrasting off-pump (OPCAB) and on-pump (ONCAB) methods, on the early postoperative occurrence of atrial fibrillation (POAF), defined as within the first 24 hours post-surgery. In a cohort of 128 consecutive patients (95 off-pump, 33 on-pump), the study compared groups based …

Evaluation Of Left Cardiac Chamber And Cardiac Size With Non Ecg Gated Ct In Cancer Patients And Its Role In Determining Cardiomyopathy, Manal Mohamed Refaat Beshir, Samia Yehia Heikal, Shaimaa Abdalaleem Abdalgeleel, Dalia Ibraheem El Saied, Sarah Mamdouh Osman

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: A number of cardiovascular processes have been linked to cardiac chamber and cardiac size increase as a significant biomarker for predicting morbidity and death. There is no standardized technique for assessing and reporting cardiac chamber and cardiac size, despite the fact that non-electrocardiographically (ECG) gated multidetector CT is a frequently utilized cross-sectional imaging modality to assess numerous cardiothoracic diseases . Patients and Methods :Our study encompassed 106 patients. All patients were diagnosed with primary cancer and underwent computed tomography (CT) for either initial evaluation or subsequent monitoring. Cardiac measurements were obtained in CT and compared to Echocardiographic results done …

Association Of Arterial Partial Oxygen Pressure With Mortality In Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study, Talal Ibrahim Mostafa Hagag, Salwa M.A. Dahesh

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Up till now, the best oxygenation plan in sepsis is a moot point. Although both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia have been linked to negative outcomes, it is unclear whether the arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) contributes to mortality on its own. The present study aimed to study the association between the arterial partial oxygen pressure and the mortality among critically ill patients with sepsis. Methods A prospective observational study was carried out, including 120 critically ill patients with sepsis. The patients were classified according to arterial partial oxygen pressure into two groups: the PaO₂ >80 mmHg group, which included 61 patients, …

Applicability Of The Cleveland Clinic Scoring Tool For The Risk Prediction Of Acute Kidney Injury After Adult Cardiac Surgery., Ahmed A Faragalla, Ahmed M Elshiemy, Wael S Nekhila, Sherif M Elboghdady

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Post-cardiac surgery acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication associated with increased mortality, longer ICU stays, and higher healthcare costs. The Cleveland Clinic Scoring Tool (CCST) aids preoperative risk evaluation, facilitating tailored prevention strategies. Aim This study evaluates the relevance of the CCST in prospectively assessing AKI risk in adult patients undergoing various cardiac surgeries. Methods This prospective cohort study (tertiary centre, Jan 2021-Aug 2023) assessed the CCST for preoperative AKI risk in adult open-heart surgery (OHS) patients. Consenting adults (≥18) undergoing elective/emergency OHS were included, excluding those with pre- AKI (KDIGO), dialysis-dependent ESRD, aortic dissection, shock, or …

The Postoperative Analgesic Effect Of Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Pericapsular Nerve Group Block In Patients Undergoing Hip Surgeries, Islam M. El-Desoky, Mohamed Elshafey, Amal Ismail Abdelrahman

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Hip surgery requires effective pain control for proper recovery and decreasing the length of hospital stay. Aims: We aimed to assess the analgesic effect of Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and pericapsular nerve group (PENG) blocks in pain control after hip operations. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 69 ASA I–II patients scheduled for hip surgery were randomly allocated into three groups: PENG block, ESPB, and control groups (23 each). The primary outcome was postoperative pain assessed via the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at rest and during movement. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative and 48-hour morphine consumption, time to first …

The Role Of Human Sarcosine Dehydrogenase And Endothelial Growth Factor In Early Diagnosis Of Cancer Prostate, Hala Ibrahim Mohamed, Amr Mohamed Mounier Elsofy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: As the second most common cancer in males, prostate cancer contributes significantly to cancer-related deaths. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examinations are used to identify it, albeit PSA screenings frequently produce unreliable results. Initial symptoms may include sexual dysfunction and urinary problems. The standard diagnostic method is biopsies, which are carried out under the direction of ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, they are risky and can result in infections and erectile dysfunction, which emphasizes the need for better biomarkers. Sarcosine and vascular endothelial growth factor are important metabolites associated with the progression of prostate cancer, …

Role Of New-Onset Qt Prolongation In Ecg In Critically Ill Septic Patients As A Prognostic Tool: An Observational Prospective Cohort Icu Study, Talal Ibrahim Mostafa Hagag, Salwa M.A. Dahesh

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background QT interval prolongation is a common finding among critically ill patients and could be a marker of autonomic nervous dysregulation, instability of metabolism, and/or septic cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, its prognostic role among septic ICU populations remains unclarified. The current aim of this study was to explore its potential role regarding short-term mortality. Methods In this cohort study, 119 septic adults were included in the study within 24 hours of ICU admission. Demographics, clinical variables, lab values, and QTc intervals were measured within 2 hours of ICU admission following exclusion for clinically significant electrolyte imbalances and use of QT-prolonging medications. QTc …

A Narrative Review Of Bertolotti's Syndrome: Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis, And Treatment, Matyas Abel Tsegaye, Andrea Muffly

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Bertolotti's syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by chronic low back pain stemming from a lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). Because the condition is frequently overlooked, patients often face years of delayed diagnosis before the true source of their pain is identified. Furthermore, current information regarding the biological origins and clinical management of the condition remain scattered. To address this knowledge gap, this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Bertolotti’s syndrome by consolidating these disparate sources and suggesting new connections. We synthesize the latest understanding of this condition, ranging from its genetic origins to modern clinical management. We …

Ultrasound-Based Assessment Of Talar Cartilage In Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review, Amin Mohammadi, Saeed Eshghi, Iman Mohammadi, Patrick Wilson, Ryan Mccann

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose

To systematically synthesize ultrasound (US) evidence on talar cartilage morphology and load-induced deformation in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), and to map methodological approaches (acquisition, outcome definitions, loading paradigms, and normalization) to inform protocol standardization.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were searched (March 31, 2025). Eligible studies reported quantitative US-derived talar cartilage morphology (e.g., thickness, cross-sectional area [CSA]) and/or deformation following standardized loading in CAI and comparison groups. Due to heterogeneity in imaging protocols, loading tasks, and outcome definitions, findings were synthesized narratively and organized by outcome domain.

Results

Across available cohorts, load-induced deformation was the …

Multisystem Predictors Of Dynamic Gait Stability Across Fall Risk In Older Adults, Ashwini Kulkarni, Neda Moghim, Ross Gore, Soumya Banerjee, Christopher K. Rhea, Brittany Samulski

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Gait stability arises from interactions between physiological, cognitive, and psychological systems, yet these domains are often assessed in isolation. This study examined multisystem predictors of anteroposterior margin of stability during walking (MoSAP) in community-dwelling older adults. Of 340 participants, 143 were retained after data quality screening (105 females; age: 70.8 ± 7.8 years). Participants completed the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), cognitive testing using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), fear-of-falling evaluations using Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) and a biomechanical gait assessment during preferred and fast speeds. Participants were stratified into four PPA-based fall-risk groups: low, mild, moderate, and high risk. MoSAP …

Ash/Isth 2026 Guidelines For Anticoagulant Prophylaxis In Pediatric Patients At Risk Of Venous Thromboembolism, Marisol Betensky, Muayad Azzam, Rachel Bercovitz, Rukhmi V. Bhat, Tina Biss, Brian Branchford, Leonardo R. Brandão, Anthony K.C. Chan, E. Vincent S. Faustino, Qais Hamarsha, Julie Jaffray, Sophie Jones, Hassan Kawtharany, Bryce A. Kerlin, Jana Khawandi, Grace Krider, Nicole Kucine, Riten Kumar, Christoph Male, Paul Monagle, Marie-Claude Pelland-Marcotte, Leslie Raffini, Chittalsinh M. Raulji, Sarah E. Sartain, Clifford M. Takemoto, Cristina Tarango, C. Heleen Van Ommen, Maria C. Velez, Sarak Vesely, John Wiernikowski, Suzan Williams, Hope P. Wilson, Gary Woods, Reem A. Mustafa

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

High-quality data on anticoagulant prophylaxis for pediatric VTE prevention are scarce. Key research priorities include the development and validation of subgroups-specific VTE risk assessment models, and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of risk-stratified anticoagulant prophylaxis strategies across different pediatric subgroups.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity in children, particularly among hospitalized patients and those with chronic medical conditions. There is a lack of consensus on anticoagulant prophylaxis strategies.

OBJECTIVE: These evidence-based guidelines from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) are intended to support patients and health …

Front Matter, Arianna Medina

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

No abstract provided.

Back Matter, Arianna Medina

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

No abstract provided.

21st Century Perspective On The Changing Pattern Of Nerve Injuries From Gunshot Wounds In The U.S., Thomas A. Decoster

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

Gunshot wounds (GSWs) with nerve injuries in the 21st century differ significantly from those reported in the 20th century. The vast majority are now low-velocity civilian injuries, in contrast to high-velocity military injuries previously reported. The rate of nerve injury in civilian GSWs is approximately 5%, compared with the 30% reported in military cohorts. However, the most common pattern of nerve injury in the current civilian population is neurotmesis and partial neurotmesis, in contrast to the majority axonotmesis of the military cohorts. In the 20th century, treatment generally consisted of watchful waiting for signs of spontaneous recovery over three months …

Full Issue, Arianna Medina

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

No abstract provided.

Peripheral Nerve Repair And Reconstruction: Current Techniques, Adjuncts, And Emerging Therapies, Niklaus Skipp, Lana Dokic, Christina Wassef, Jazzlyn Gonzalez, Ana Love, Heather Mercer, Deana Mercer

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

Peripheral nerve injuries require reconstruction when direct, tension-free repair is not possible. A range of reconstructive strategies are used to restore continuity and promote axonal regeneration, including graft-based reconstruction, nerve transfers, conduit-based repair, supercharged end-to-side augmentation, and emerging regenerative therapies. Autologous interfascicular nerve grafts and vascularized grafts remain established techniques, whereas processed nerve allografts provide a donor-sparing alternative. Nerve transfers are increasingly used for proximal injuries with long regeneration distances, and conduits are an option for gaps shorter than 5 mm. Nerve-wrapping techniques are used to reduce perineural scarring and preserve gliding in complex or revision cases. Emerging adjunctive therapies, …

The Effect Of Institutional Reputation On Clerkship Grades, Jerry Speight Grimes

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

Background: Clinical rotation scores have been reported to predict resident performance. However, the reporting of clerkship grades varies widely across institutions. The authors explored the correlation of an institution’s reputation and the percentage of students receiving honors. Methods: During the review of applicants for orthopaedic residency, the percentage of students receiving the highest grade in the surgery and internal medicine clerkships was recorded for each institution. The authors then compared published institutional rankings with the proportion of students awarded honors in these clerkships. Results: One hundred nineteen institutions were reviewed. There was poor correlation between the institutional rankings by U.S. …

Analysis Of Patient Factors That Predict Early Restoration Of Neutral Dorsiflexion After Achilles Tendon Rupture, W. Chad Elliott, Alvin Ouseph, Alexander Abraham, Jerry Speight Grimes

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

Background: Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is a common musculoskeletal injury with an increasing incidence in the United States. Early functional rehabilitation is a key component of improving patient outcomes, and restoration of range of motion is a common threshold for progression to strengthening. Neutral ankle dorsiflexion represents an important early milestone in ATR recovery. This study aimed to assess which patient factors were associated with achieving this early rehabilitation milestone. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 70 patients who sustained ATR and were treated at an academic center. Demographics, baseline characteristics, and common ATR risk factors were collected. The …

Insertion Of An Internal Joint Stabilizer Through A Posterolateral Approach For The Management Of Complex Elbow Instability, Miguel A. Pirela-Cruz, Nikalus Skipp, Ana Love, Deana Mercer, Jazzlyn Gonzalez

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

Background: Complex elbow fracture-dislocations represent a substantial surgical challenge. Achieving adequate stability while permitting early postoperative motion is essential to prevent stiffness. The internal joint stabilizer (IJS) has emerged as an alternative to hinged external fixation, providing internal dynamic stabilization with improved patient tolerance and reduced risk of soft-tissue complications. Although the IJS is commonly inserted through a lateral approach, injuries involving multiple anatomical structures may necessitate broader exposure. Purpose: To describe the surgical technique for IJS insertion through a posterolateral approach (PLA) for complex elbow injuries involving multiple anatomical structures. Methods: The PLA provides extensile exposure to the posterior, …

Exploring The Interaction Between Cranial Nerves V And Vii In Chronic Eyelid Myokymia: A Case Report, Karina Miramontes, Adam Walsh, Tomas Tafoya

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

Eyelid myokymia involves involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscle and is commonly associated with stress, fatigue, and craniocervical factors. Emerging evidence suggests that altered trigeminocervical interactions and craniomandibular muscle tension may contribute to symptom persistence; however, the condition remains underrecognized in physical therapy. This report describes a 65-year-old woman with chronic benign eyelid myokymia and cervical pain who completed 12 physical therapy sessions that included suboccipital functional dry needling, temporomandibular soft-tissue mobilization (STM), and cervical stabilization exercises. A reduction in eyelid myokymia was first observed at the fifth visit, coinciding with the initiation of temporomandibular STM. These findings suggest …

Prosthetic Knee Joint Infection Caused By Gemella Morbillorum, Nataly Echevarria-Castro, Shaleen Duhra, Leonor Echevarria

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

Gemella morbillorum is a gram-positive coccus found in the gastrointestinal tract, and is an uncommon cause of human infections, including prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Reported risk factors include immunosuppression, recent gastrointestinal procedures, and poor dental hygiene. This report describes a case of knee PJI caused by G. morbillorum, likely due to hematogenous seeding following a colonoscopy three months earlier. The patient is a 70-year-old man with well-controlled diabetes mellitus who had undergone total knee arthroplasty three years prior. He presented with three weeks of left knee swelling. Synovial fluid culture revealed G. morbillorum. The patient was treated with debridement, antibiotics, …

Arthroscopic Management Of A Loose Body In The Pisotriquetral Joint: A Case Report, Giovanni Chioda, Tomas Holy, Nicholas Newcomb, Nathan Morrell

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

The pisotriquetral joint is the smallest of the four joints comprising the wrist and is a source of ulnar-sided wrist pain. This condyloid joint connects the pisiform to the triquetrum and is supported by several surrounding ligaments. A variety of pathologies may affect the pisotriquetral joint, including the presence of loose bodies. Because of its small size and the inherent difficulty of visualization, the pisotriquetral joint is often overlooked as an independent joint. Techniques for arthroscopic visualization and loose-body removal have previously been described using the 6R and 4-5 portals. In the following case report, the authors describe successful visualization …

Facial Expression With Type Of Eye Opening Associates With Multi-Organ Failure: An Observational Prospective Icu Cohort Study, Talal Ibrahim Mostafa Hagag

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Title Facial expression with the type of eye opening associates with multi-organ failure: an Observational prospective ICU cohort study Background Accurate prognostication in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains a challenging task. Conventional severity scores such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) quantify physiological derangement but overlook real-time neurological and affective responsiveness. Behavioral indicators—particularly facial expressivity and eye-opening response—may reflect cortical and brainstem integrity, offering a simple, non-invasive adjunct for bedside mortality prediction. Methods In this single-center, prospective observational study, 210 adult patients in the ICU were assessed within 24 hours of admission. Two blinded …

Frequency Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Presenting With Symptoms In An Ulnar Nerve Distribution In A Prospective Study, Wessam Eissa Hamed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective Assessing frequency of pain and/or paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution in patients documented electro-diagnostically with median mononeuropathy at the wrist (MNW). Although occurrence of this clinical symptom has been explored in some literature but remains unaddressed. Method Study participants were assessed to measure the distribution and intensity of their symptoms in hand using the Katz hand diagram and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire-Symptom Severity Scale (BCTQ-SSS). 30 participants satisfied the study's criteria regarding ulnar neuropathy and completed a clinical examination. All participants also were subjected to nerve ultrasonography and electro-diagnostic study. Results Isolated median mononeuropathy at the wrist …

Study Of Endocrine Complications In Children With Beta-Thalassemia Major. A Recent Insight, Randa Mohamed Darwish, Omnia Salah El-Din, Samar Mohamed Samir, Mona Ahmed Gabr

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background β-thalassemia major (BTM) is a severe form of transfusion-dependent hemolytic anemia associated with multiple complications, primarily due to iron overload. Endocrinopathies are among the most common long-term morbidities in this population. Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of endocrine complications including hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, delayed puberty, impaired fasting blood glucose, and diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents with β-thalassemia major, and to assess their association with serum iron overload. Methods This cross-sectional study included 52 children and adolescents 11-18 years age with β-thalassemia major attending Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital (2022–2024). Anthropometric measurements, Tanner staging, thyroid function tests, gonadal hormones, serum calcium, …

Are The Risks Of Asthma And Allergic Diseases In Children Born By Cesareansection (Cs) Influenced By Maternal Factors (E.G., Maternal Asthma, Diet, Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy)?, Rehab Fawzy Abdel Mohsen Soliman, Samar Mahmoud Ahmed, Yasmen Ahmed Said, Shaimaa Mohamed Hassan, Dalia Hassanin Hussin, Dina Gaber Soliman, Zeinab Abdalla Ali

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background and Aim The increase in the number of Cesarean Section deliveries (CS) in the world has triggered questions about the possible long-term health consequences for the children being delivered, particularly the chances of being affected by asthma and other allergic ailments. Some prior studies suggested that CS deliveries may negatively influence immune system development due to altered microbial colonization and an increased risk of respiratory morbidities. However, trying to separate the impact of delivery methods and the maternal as well as the surroundings is a hard nut to crack. The present study aims to establish whether maternal asthma, diet, …

Walking The Line How Social Forces Shape Diabetic Foot Outcomes In The Texas Rio Grande Valley, Amanda L. Killeen, Stephanie N. Campbell, Naomie Jean, Juan Lopez-Alvarenga, Xuan Wang, Cyaandi Dove, Caroline E. Fife

School of Podiatric Medicine Publications

• Diabetes in the Rio Grande Valley is widespread and severe. Nearly 1 in 3 adults is affected, with foot ulcers and amputations occurring at rates far above state and national averages.
• Social drivers of health (SDOH) strongly influence outcomes. Poverty, uninsurance, limited education, transportation barriers, and distance from specialty centers delay care and increase amputation risk.
• Living conditions amplify risk. Colonias, unincorporated settlements often lacking clean water, sewer systems, or reliable electricity, make diabetes management and preventive foot care especially challenging.
• Data-driven identification of high-risk populations is critical. Zip code–level SDOH data, integrated into electronic medical records, can serve as …

Durable Left-Ventricular Assist Device Inflow Thrombosis Following External Outflow Graft Obstruction, Mohammad J. Malik, Jin Woo Chung, Matthias Loebe, John C. Gurley, Emma J. Birks, Dhruv Kothari, Masashi Kawabori

Surgery Faculty Publications

Background: External outflow graft obstruction (EOGO) is an emerging complication due to improved pump durability. We experienced a rare sequence of complications, inflow thrombus formation following EOGO with reduced left-ventricular assist device flow.

Case Summary: A 41-year-old man, 2 years post HeartMate 3 (HM3) implantation, presented with low-flow from EOGO. Outflow graft stenting resulted in improvement but returned 1 month later with persistent low flow. Pump thrombosis was excluded. Flow had minimal response to RPM increase. Outflow graft was widely patent. Inflow obstruction was suspected, and HM3-to-HM3 exchange revealed extensive thrombus formation within the inflow cannula. Left-ventricular assist device flow …