Medical Specialties Commons^™

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Diagnosis In A Hospital Setting., Amber M Healy, Mallory Faherty, Zeryab Khan, Naveen Emara, Cody Carter, Andrew Scheidemantel, Musa Abu-Jubara, Robert Young

OhioHealth Research Institute Articles

CONTEXT: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an endocrine emergency that can occur in people with diabetes. Its incidence is estimated to be 220,340 hospital admissions each year. Treatment algorithms include fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) insulin infusion, and scheduled electrolyte and glucose monitoring. The misdiagnosis of DKA in the setting of hyperglycemic emergencies results in overtreatment and unnecessary increases in healthcare utilization and costs.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine how often DKA is overdiagnosed in the context of other acute hyperglycemic emergencies, to describe the baseline characteristics of patients, to determine the hospital treatments for DKA, and to …

Current Curricular Trends After The Covid-19 Pandemic: A National Survey Of Psychiatry Residency Programs, Jeff Wang Jin, Kacy Smith, Amanda Helminiak, Vineeth John, Hanjing Emily Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many psychiatry residencies (academic, community, and hybrid programs) have adopted different learning modalities to preserve a high quality of educational training. There is minimal data on specific program adaptations, related change perspectives, and program type stratification. This study sought to examine trends in curriculum changes in accredited psychiatry residency programs in the United States.

METHODS: Program directors of accredited general psychiatry programs in the United States were surveyed to assess both general program details and changes in educational content, delivery, and perspectives with regard to program curricula.

RESULTS: A total of 63 program directors out …

Machine Independence Of Ultrasound-Based Quantification Of Vitreous Echodensities, Cameron Hoerig, Justin H Nguyen, Jonathan Mamou, Cedric Venuat, J Sebag, Jeffrey A Ketterling

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) provides objective indices of Vision Degrading Myodesopsia (VDM) that correlate with contrast sensitivity (CS). To date, QUS methods were only tested on a single ultrasound machine. Here, we evaluate whether QUS measurements are machine independent.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 47 eyes (24 subjects; age = 53.2 ± 14.4 years) were evaluated with Freiburg acuity contrast testing (%Weber), and ultrasonography using 2 machines: one with a 15-MHz single-element transducer and one with a 5-ring, 20-MHz annular-array. Images were acquired from each system in sequential scans. Artifact-free, log-compressed envelope data were processed to yield three parameters (mean …

Trial Participation And Outcomes Among English-Speaking And Spanish-Speaking Patients With Appendicitis Randomized To Antibiotics: A Secondary Analysis Of The Coda Randomized Clinical Trial, Elina Serrano, Emily C Voldal, David Machado-Aranda, Daniel A Deugarte, Lillian Kao, Thurston Drake, Robert Winchell, Joseph Cuschieri, Anusha Krishnadasan, David A Talan, Nicole Siparsky, Patricia Ayoung-Chee, Wesley H Self, Patrick Mcgonagill, Katherine A Mandell, Mike K Liang, Shan-Jahan Dodwad, Callie M Thompson, Reynaldo M Padilla, Ross Fleischman, Thea P Price, Alan Jones, Karla Bernardi, Luis Garcia, Heather L Evans, Sabrina E Sanchez, Stephen Odom, Bryan A Comstock, Patrick J Heagerty, Sarah O Lawrence, Sarah E Monsell, Erin E C Fannon, Larry G Kessler, David R Flum, Giana H Davidson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Spanish-speaking participants are underrepresented in clinical trials, limiting study generalizability and contributing to ongoing health inequity. The Comparison of Outcomes of Antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA) trial intentionally included Spanish-speaking participants.

OBJECTIVE: To describe trial participation and compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes among Spanish-speaking and English-speaking participants with acute appendicitis randomized to antibiotics.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study is a secondary analysis of the CODA trial, a pragmatic randomized trial comparing antibiotic therapy with appendectomy in adult patients with imaging-confirmed appendicitis enrolled at 25 centers across the US from May 1, 2016, to February 28, 2020. The trial …

Cannabis Use Disorder And Perioperative Complications, Paul P Potnuru, Srikar Jonna, George W Williams

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Cannabis use is growing in the US and is increasingly perceived as harmless. However, the perioperative impact of cannabis use remains uncertain.

Objective: To assess whether cannabis use disorder is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after major elective, inpatient, noncardiac surgery.

Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study used data from the National Inpatient Sample for adult patients aged 18 to 65 years who underwent major elective inpatient surgery (including cholecystectomy, colectomy, inguinal hernia repair, femoral hernia repair, mastectomy, lumpectomy, hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, hysterectomy, spinal fusion, and vertebral discectomy) from January 2016 to December …

False-Positive Early Indium-111 Leukocyte Scan, F Lomena, R Abello, A Garcia, C Piera, R Herranz, J Pavia, J Setoain

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction

We aimed to evaluate IDH1 p.R132H mutation and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as biomarkers for patients with IDH-mutant gliomas.

Methods

CSF was collected from patients with infiltrating glioma, and 2HG levels were measured by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. IDH1 p.R132H mutant allele frequency (MAF) in CSF-ctDNA was measured by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Tumor volume was measured from standard-of-care magnetic resonance images.

Results

The study included 48 patients, 6 with IDH-mutant and 42 with IDH-wildtype gliomas, and 57 samples, 9 from the patients with IDH-mutant and 48 from the patients with IDH-wildtype gliomas. …

Randomized Controlled Trial Of Surgical Rib Fixation To Nonoperative Management In Severe Chest Wall Injury, David E Meyer, John A Harvin, Laura Vincent, Kandice Motley, Michael W Wandling, Thaddeus J Puzio, Laura J Moore, Bryan A Cotton, Charles E Wade, Lillian S Kao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs) to nonoperative management in severe chest wall injury.

Background: SSRF has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with clinical flail chest and respiratory failure. However, the effect of SSRF outcomes in severe chest wall injuries without clinical flail chest is unknown.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial comparing SSRF to nonoperative management in severe chest wall injury, defined as: (1) a radiographic flail segment without clinical flail or (2) ≥5 consecutive rib fractures or (3) any rib fracture with bicortical displacement. Randomization was stratified by the unit of admission …

Pathobiology Of Myocardial Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury: Models, Modes, Molecular Mechanisms, Modulation, And Clinical Applications, L Maximilian Buja

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This review presents an integrated approach to the analysis of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury and the modulating influence of myocardial conditioning during the evolution of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other clinical settings. Experimental studies have involved a spectrum of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, and guidelines have been developed for the conduct of rigorous preclinical studies and for the identification of various forms of cell injury and death in evolving AMI. AMI in vivo is dominated by oncosis (cell injury with swelling) leading to necroptosis and final necrosis of ischemic cardiomyocytes (CMCs), without or with …

Monkeypox Presenting As A Hand Consult In The Emergency Department: Two Case Reports, David T Mitchell, James A Mentz, Yuewei Wu-Fienberg, Wendy Chen, Matthew R Greives, Erik S Marques

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The ongoing outbreak of the monkeypox virus (now referred to as "mpox") was deemed a public health emergency by the World Health Organization in 2022. The United States now reports the highest number of mpox cases, with 29 980 cases and 21 deaths as of January 11, 2023. The most common presenting symptom is a pruritic, vesicular rash that commonly involves the hands. While covering hand call, our division has encountered 2 cases of mpox in the emergency department for which the chief complaint was a hand lesion. Because hand surgeons will be called upon to make an initial diagnosis, …

Paradoxes Of Cellular Sumoylation Regulation: A Role Of Biomolecular Condensates?, Xiaodong Cheng, Wenli Yang, Wei Lin, Fang Mei

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Protein SUMOylation is a major post-translational modification essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. SUMOylation has long been associated with stress responses as a diverse array of cellular stress signals are known to trigger rapid alternations in global protein SUMOylation. In addition, while there are large families of ubiquitination enzymes, all small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are conjugated by a set of enzymatic machinery comprising one heterodimeric SUMO-activating enzyme, a single SUMO-conjugating enzyme, and a small number of SUMO protein ligases and SUMO-specific proteases. How a few SUMOylation enzymes specifically modify thousands of functional targets in response to diverse cellular stresses remains an …

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Working With Adults Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Astrid Grouls, Krista Dobbie, Kathleen Neuendorf, Shunichi Nakagawa, Alisha Young, William E Rosa, Bindu Akkanti

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invasive intervention that is both resource- and labor-intensive. It can also be emotionally challenging for all involved. Palliative care (PC) clinicians can support adult patients, families, surrogate decision makers, and the interdisciplinary team (IDT) throughout ECMO, starting at the time of ECMO initiation through discontinuation and to bereavement in the event of a patient's death. In addition to knowing the basics of ECMO circuitry, indications to start ECMO, and the complex decision points throughout treatment, PC clinicians must understand the critical need for specialist and IDT coordination when discussing prognosis and resuscitation, clarifying goals …

Reduced Digestion Of Circulating Genomic Dna In Systemic Sclerosis Patients With The Dnase1l3 R206c Variant\, Brian Skaug, Xinjian Guo, Yuanteng Jeff Li, Julio Charles, Kay T Pham, Jacob Couturier, Dorothy E Lewis, Claudia Bracaglia, Ivan Caiello, Maureen D Mayes, Shervin Assassi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Polymorphism in a coding region of deoxyribonuclease I-like III (DNASE1L3), causing amino acid substitution of Arg-206 to Cys (R206C), is a robustly replicated heritable risk factor for SSc and other autoimmune diseases. DNASE1L3 is secreted into the circulation, where it can digest genomic DNA (gDNA) in apoptosis-derived membrane vesicles (AdMVs). We sought to determine the impact of DNASE1L3 R206C on digestion of circulating gDNA in SSc patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: The ability of DNASE1L3 to digest AdMV-associated gDNA was tested in vitro. The effect of R206C substitution on extracellular secretion of DNASE1L3 was determined using a transfected …

Interictal Respiratory Variability Predicts Severity Of Hypoxemia After Generalized Convulsive Seizures, Rup K Sainju, Deidre N Dragon, Harold B Winnike, Laura Vilella, Xiaojin Li, Samden Lhatoo, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linder H Wendt, George B Richerson, Brian K Gehlbach

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Severe respiratory dysfunction induced by generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) is now thought to be a common mechanism for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). In a mouse model of seizure-induced death, increased interictal respiratory variability was reported in mice that later died of respiratory arrest after GCS. We studied respiratory variability in epilepsy patients as a predictive tool for severity of postictal hypoxemia, a potential biomarker for SUDEP risk. We then explored the relationship between respiratory variability and central CO2 drive, measured by the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR).

Methods: We reviewed clinical, video-electroencephalography, and respiratory (belts, airflow, pulse oximeter, …

Social Distancing And Extremely Preterm Births In The Initial Covid-19 Pandemic Period, Christopher M Orlando, Carlos A Pérez, Paunel Agyei, Marwah Elsehety, Sonia Kaur Singh, Joseph Thomas, Omar Alaina, John A Lincoln

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background:

Black and Hispanic patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been shown to accumulate greater multiple sclerosis–associated disability (MSAD) than White patients. Disparities in social determinants of health (SDOH) among these groups have also been reported.

Objective:

To determine the extent to which associations of race and ethnicity with MSAD may be attributable to differences in SDOH.

Methods:

Retrospective chart analysis of patients at an academic MS center grouped by self-identified Black (n = 95), Hispanic (n = 93), and White (n = 98) race/ethnicity. Individual patient addresses were geocoded and matched with neighborhood-level area deprivation index …

Nurse Leader Perceptions Of Data In The Veterans Health Administration: A Qualitative Evaluation, Janine J Wong, Richard P Sorelle, Christine Yang, Melissa K Knox, Sylvia J Hysong, Lynette E Dorsey, Patrick N O'Mahen, Laura A Petersen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Healthcare systems and nursing leaders aim to make evidence-based nurse staffing decisions. Understanding how nurses use and perceive available data to support safe staffing can strengthen learning healthcare systems and support evidence-based practice, particularly given emerging data availability and specific nursing challenges in data usability. However, current literature offers sparse insight into the nature of data use and challenges in the inpatient nurse staffing management context. We aimed to investigate how nurse leaders experience using data to guide their inpatient staffing management decisions in the Veterans Health Administration, the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States. We conducted semistructured …

Immune Infiltration In Tumor And Adjacent Non-Neoplastic Regions Codetermines Patient Clinical Outcomes In Early-Stage Lung Cancer, Chao Cheng, Thinh T Nguyen, Mabel Tang, Xinan Wang, Chongming Jiang, Yanhong Liu, Ivan Gorlov, Olga Gorlova, John Iafrate, Michael Lanuti, David C Christiani, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, the proportion of patients with NSCLC diagnosed at an early stage has increased continuously.

METHODS: In this study, we analyzed samples and data collected from 119 samples from 67 early stage patients with NSCLC, including 52 pairs of tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic samples, and performed RNA-sequencing analysis with high sequencing depth.

RESULTS: We found that immune-related genes were highly enriched among the differentially expressed genes and observed significantly higher inferred immune infiltration levels in adjacent non-neoplastic samples than in tumor samples. In survival analysis, the infiltration of certain immune cell types in tumor, but not adjacent …

Implantable Penile Prosthesis For Erectile Dysfunction: Insurance Coverage In The United States, Mohit Khera, Joshua P Langston, Matthew E Pollard, Denise Asafu-Adjei, Natalie C Edwards, Krista D Nitschelm, Mital Patel, Samir K Bhattacharyya

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: A manufacturer's benefit verification database was evaluated to ascertain United States health plan insurance coverage for implantable penile prostheses for erectile dysfunction.

Methods: All-payer and employer-sponsored health plan benefit verification databases were queried to determine implantable penile prosthesis approval status. For the all-payer analysis, data by payer were available and presented for 2019-2021 to assess approval status varied by payer and over time. For the employer-sponsored health plan analysis, data by payer were available from 2018-2021.

Results: Benefit verification records for the all-payer database were available for 3,167 patients in 2019, 3,016 in 2020, and 2,837 in 2021. Insurance …

Novel Lss Variants In Alopecia And Intellectual Disability Syndrome: New Case Report And Clinical Spectrum Of Lss-Related Rare Disease Traits, Hasnaa M Elbendary, Dana Marafi, Ahmed K Saad, Rasha Elhossini, Ruizhi Duan, Karima Rafat, Shalini N Jhangiani, Richard A Gibbs, Davut Pehlivan, Daniel G Calame, Jennifer E Posey, James R Lupski, Maha S Zaki

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pathogenic biallelic variants in LSS are associated with three Mendelian rare disease traits including congenital cataract type 44, autosomal recessive hypotrichosis type 14, and alopecia-intellectual disability syndrome type 4 (APMR4). We performed trio research exome sequencing on a family with a four-year-old male with global developmental delay, epilepsy and striking alopecia, and identified novel compound heterozygous LSS splice site (c.14+2T>C) and missense (c.1357 G>A; p.V453L) variant alleles. Rare features associated with APMR4 such as cryptorchidism, micropenis, mild cortical brain atrophy and thin corpus callosum were detected. Previously unreported APMR4 findings including cerebellar involvement in the form of unsteady …

A Qualitative Exploration Of Patient Perspectives On Psychosocial Burdens And Positive Factors In Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, W Conor Rork, Alyssa G Hertz, Andrew D Wiese, Kristin M Kostick, Dianne Nguyen, Sophie C Schneider, Whitney S Shepherd, Hannah Cho, Members Of The Bbdc, Chaya N Murali, Brendan Lee, V Reid Sutton, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a pleiotropic, heritable connective tissue disorder associated with a wide range of health implications, including frequent bone fracture. While progress has been made to understand the spectrum of these physical health implications, the impact of OI on psychosocial well-being, as well as protective factors that buffer against adverse psychosocial outcomes, remain understudied. This present study relies on a qualitative approach to assess patient perspectives on both protective and adverse psychosocial factors specific to OI in 15 adults with varying disease status. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, subsequently coded, and themes extracted. Themes concerning psychosocial burdens (i.e., negative …

The Complete Sequence Of A Human Y Chromosome, Arang Rhie, Sergey Nurk, Monika Cechova, Savannah J Hoyt, Dylan J Taylor, Nicolas Altemose, Paul W Hook, Sergey Koren, Mikko Rautiainen, Ivan A Alexandrov, Jamie Allen, Mobin Asri, Andrey V Bzikadze, Nae-Chyun Chen, Chen-Shan Chin, Mark Diekhans, Paul Flicek, Giulio Formenti, Arkarachai Fungtammasan, Carlos Garcia Giron, Erik Garrison, Ariel Gershman, Jennifer L Gerton, Patrick G S Grady, Andrea Guarracino, Leanne Haggerty, Reza Halabian, Nancy F Hansen, Robert Harris, Gabrielle A Hartley, William T Harvey, Marina Haukness, Jakob Heinz, Thibaut Hourlier, Robert M Hubley, Sarah E Hunt, Stephen Hwang, Miten Jain, Rupesh K Kesharwani, Alexandra P Lewis, Heng Li, Glennis A Logsdon, Julian K Lucas, Wojciech Makalowski, Christopher Markovic, Fergal J Martin, Ann M Mc Cartney, Rajiv C Mccoy, Jennifer Mcdaniel, Brandy M Mcnulty, Paul Medvedev, Alla Mikheenko, Katherine M Munson, Terence D Murphy, Hugh E Olsen, Nathan D Olson, Luis F Paulin, David Porubsky, Tamara Potapova, Fedor Ryabov, Steven L Salzberg, Michael E G Sauria, Fritz J Sedlazeck, Kishwar Shafin, Valery A Shepelev, Alaina Shumate, Jessica M Storer, Likhitha Surapaneni, Angela M Taravella Oill, Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, Winston Timp, Marta Tomaszkiewicz, Mitchell R Vollger, Brian P Walenz, Allison C Watwood, Matthias H Weissensteiner, Aaron M Wenger, Melissa A Wilson, Samantha Zarate, Yiming Zhu, Justin M Zook, Evan E Eichler, Rachel J O'Neill, Michael C Schatz, Karen H Miga, Kateryna D Makova, Adam M Phillippy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble because of its complex repeat structure including long palindromes, tandem repeats, and segmental duplications1–3. As a result, more than half of the Y chromosome is missing from the GRCh38 reference sequence and it remains the last human chromosome to be finished4,5. Here, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium presents the complete 62,460,029 base pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the …

Approach To Non-Type 2 Asthma, Muhammad Adrish, Praveen Akuthota

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

The Novel Salt-M Score Predicts 1-Year Post-Transplant Mortality In Patients With Severe Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure, Ruben Hernaez, Constantine J Karvellas, Yan Liu, Sophie-Caroline Sacleux, Saro Khemichian, Lance L Stein, Kirti Shetty, Christina C Lindenmeyer, Justin R Boike, Douglas A Simonetto, Robert S Rahimi, Prasun K Jalal, Manhal Izzy, Michael S Kriss, Gene Y Im, Ming V Lin, Janice H Jou, Brett E Fortune, George Cholankeril, Alexander Kuo, Nadim Mahmud, Fasiha Kanwal, Faouzi Saliba, Vinay Sundaram, Thierry Artzner, Rajiv Jalan, Multi-Organ Dysfunction And Evaluation For Liver Transplantation (Model) Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background & aims: Twenty-eight-day mortality ranges from 30-90% in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure grades 2/3 (severe ACLF). Though liver transplantation (LT) has demonstrated a survival benefit, the scarcity of donor organs and uncertainty regarding post-LT mortality among patients with severe ACLF may cause hesitancy. We developed and externally validated a model to predict 1-year post-LT mortality in severe ACLF, called the Sundaram ACLF-LT-Mortality (SALT-M) score, and estimated the median length of stay (LoS) after LT (ACLF-LT-LoS).

Methods: In 15 LT centers in the US, we retrospectively identified a cohort of patients with severe ACLF transplanted between 2014-2019, followed up …

Children’S Oncology Group’S 2023 Blueprint For Research: Epidemiology, Philip J Lupo, Erin L Marcotte, Michael E Scheurer, Jenny N Poynter, Logan G Spector

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Children's Oncology Group (COG) Epidemiology Committee has a primary focus on better understanding the etiologies of childhood cancers. Over the past 10 years, the committee has leveraged the Childhood Cancer Research Network, and now more recently Project:EveryChild (PEC), to conduct epidemiologic assessments of various childhood cancers, including osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, germ cell tumors, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. More recent studies have utilized questionnaire data collected as part of PEC to focus on specific characteristics and/or features, including the presence of congenital disorders and the availability of stored cord blood. Members of the COG Epidemiology Committee have also …

A Single Dominant Locus Restricts Retrovirus Replication In Ybr/Ei Mice, Helen A Beilinson, Amanda Sevilleja, Jessica Spring, Fernando Benavides, Vera Beilinson, Nickolas Neokosmidis, Tatyana Golovkina

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Differential responses to viral infections are influenced by the genetic makeup of the host. Studies of resistance to retroviruses in human populations are complicated due to the inability to conduct proof-of-principle studies. Inbred mouse lines, which have a range of susceptible phenotypes to retroviruses, are an ideal tool to identify and characterize mechanisms of resistance and define their genetic underpinnings. YBR/Ei mice become infected with Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus, a mucosally transmitted murine retrovirus, but eliminate the virus from their pedigrees. Virus elimination correlates with a lack of virus-specific neonatal oral tolerance, which is a major mechanism for blocking the …

Barriers To Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake: Role Of State Religiosity And Healthcare Professionals' Participation In A State Vaccine Program, Monalisa Chandra, Ikponmwosa Osaghae, Rajesh Talluri, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite the known benefits of preventing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, HPV vaccine coverage is low in the United States. Grounded in Social Ecological theory, we assessed the macro-level (state) and meso-level (organization) factors associated with HPV vaccine initiation and up-to-date.

METHODS: Data from 2020 National Immunization Survey-Teen were used to study a sample of 20 163 US adolescents (aged 13-17 years). The data were collected from each teen's parents or guardians and health-care professionals. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted.

RESULTS: The prevalence of HPV vaccine initiation was 75.1% and of remaining up-to-date was …

Archival Single-Cell Genomics Reveals Persistent Subclones During Dcis Progression, Kaile Wang, Tapsi Kumar, Junke Wang, Darlan Conterno Minussi, Emi Sei, Jianzhuo Li, Tuan M Tran, Aatish Thennavan, Min Hu, Anna K Casasent, Zhenna Xiao, Shanshan Bai, Lei Yang, Lorraine M King, Vandna Shah, Petra Kristel, Carolien L Van Der Borden, Jeffrey R Marks, Yuehui Zhao, Amado J Zurita, Ana Aparicio, Brian Chapin, Jie Ye, Jianjun Zhang, Don L Gibbons, Ellinor Sawyer, Alastair M Thompson, Andrew Futreal, E Shelley Hwang, Jelle Wesseling, Esther H Lips, Nicholas E Navin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a common precursor of invasive breast cancer. Our understanding of its genomic progression to recurrent disease remains poor, partly due to challenges associated with the genomic profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) materials. Here, we developed Arc-well, a high-throughput single-cell DNA-sequencing method that is compatible with FFPE materials. We validated our method by profiling 40,330 single cells from cell lines, a frozen tissue, and 27 FFPE samples from breast, lung, and prostate tumors stored for 3-31 years. Analysis of 10 patients with matched DCIS and cancers that recurred 2-16 years later show that many primary …

Efficacy Of Scalp-Sparing Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy Approach In Reducing Scalp Radiation Dose For Patients With Glioblastoma: A Cross-Sectional Study, Muneeb Khan Niazi, Olga Russial, Louis Cappelli, Ryan Miller, Yingxuan Chen, Yelena Vakhnenko, Haisong Lui, Wenyin Shi

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Radiation is integral to the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). However, radiation-induced scalp toxicity can negatively impact patients' quality of life. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) optimizes the dose to organs at risk (OARs). We hypothesize that a scalp-sparing VMAT (SSV) approach can significantly reduce undesirable doses to the scalp without compromising the target dose.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of GBM patients who originally received radiation with non-SSV. We contoured the scalp as a 5 mm rind-like structure beneath the skin above the level of the foramen magnum. We replanned our patients using SSV techniques. We compared …

Pan-Cancer Analysis Of Post-Translational Modifications Reveals Shared Patterns Of Protein Regulation, Yifat Geffen, Shankara Anand, Yo Akiyama, Tomer M Yaron, Yizhe Song, Jared L Johnson, Akshay Govindan, Özgün Babur, Yize Li, Emily Huntsman, Liang-Bo Wang, Chet Birger, David I Heiman, Qing Zhang, Mendy Miller, Yosef E Maruvka, Nicholas J Haradhvala, Anna Calinawan, Saveliy Belkin, Alexander Kerelsky, Karl R Clauser, Karsten Krug, Shankha Satpathy, Samuel H Payne, D R Mani, Michael A Gillette, Saravana M Dhanasekaran, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Mehdi Mesri, Henry Rodriguez, Ana I Robles, Steven A Carr, Alexander J Lazar, François Aguet, Lewis C Cantley, Li Ding, Gad Getz, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in regulating cell signaling and physiology in both normal and cancer cells. Advances in mass spectrometry enable high-throughput, accurate, and sensitive measurement of PTM levels to better understand their role, prevalence, and crosstalk. Here, we analyze the largest collection of proteogenomics data from 1,110 patients with PTM profiles across 11 cancer types (10 from the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium [CPTAC]). Our study reveals pan-cancer patterns of changes in protein acetylation and phosphorylation involved in hallmark cancer processes. These patterns revealed subsets of tumors, from different cancer types, including those with …

Pan-Cancer Proteogenomics Connects Oncogenic Drivers To Functional States, Yize Li, Eduard Porta-Pardo, Collin Tokheim, Matthew H Bailey, Tomer M Yaron, Vasileios Stathias, Yifat Geffen, Kathleen J Imbach, Song Cao, Shankara Anand, Yo Akiyama, Wenke Liu, Matthew A Wyczalkowski, Yizhe Song, Erik P Storrs, Michael C Wendl, Wubing Zhang, Mustafa Sibai, Victoria Ruiz-Serra, Wen-Wei Liang, Nadezhda V Terekhanova, Fernanda Martins Rodrigues, Karl R Clauser, David I Heiman, Qing Zhang, Francois Aguet, Anna P Calinawan, Saravana M Dhanasekaran, Chet Birger, Shankha Satpathy, Daniel Cui Zhou, Liang-Bo Wang, Jessika Baral, Jared L Johnson, Emily M Huntsman, Pietro Pugliese, Antonio Colaprico, Antonio Iavarone, Milan G Chheda, Christopher J Ricketts, David Fenyö, Samuel H Payne, Henry Rodriguez, Ana I Robles, Michael A Gillette, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Alexander J Lazar, Lewis C Cantley, Gad Getz, Li Ding

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer driver events refer to key genetic aberrations that drive oncogenesis; however, their exact molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Here, our multi-omics pan-cancer analysis uncovers insights into the impacts of cancer drivers by identifying their significant cis-effects and distal trans-effects quantified at the RNA, protein, and phosphoprotein levels. Salient observations include the association of point mutations and copy-number alterations with the rewiring of protein interaction networks, and notably, most cancer genes converge toward similar molecular states denoted by sequence-based kinase activity profiles. A correlation between predicted neoantigen burden and measured T cell infiltration suggests potential vulnerabilities for immunotherapies. Patterns of …

Identification Of Distinct Impacts Of Covs Inactivation On The Transcriptome Of Acapsular Group A Streptococci, Sruti Debroy, William C Shropshire, Luis Vega, Chau Tran, Nicola Horstmann, Piyali Mukherjee, Selvalakshmi Selvaraj-Anand, Truc T Tran, Jordan Bremer, Marc Gohel, Cesar A Arias, Anthony R Flores, Samuel A Shelburne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Group A streptococcal (GAS) strains causing severe, invasive infections often have mutations in the control of virulence two-component regulatory system (CovRS) which represses capsule production, and high-level capsule production is considered critical to the GAS hypervirulent phenotype. Additionally, based on studies in emm1 GAS, hyperencapsulation is thought to limit transmission of CovRS-mutated strains by reducing GAS adherence to mucosal surfaces. It has recently been identified that about 30% of invasive GAS strains lacks capsule, but there are limited data regarding the impact of CovS inactivation in such acapsular strains. Using publicly available complete genomes (n = 2,455) of invasive …