Medical Specialties Commons^™

The Yin And The Yang Of Transformative Research During The Covid-19 Pandemic-A Perspective., Venkatesh Sampath, Ramani Ramchandran

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity for scientists from diverse disciplines to collaboratively mitigate the singular calamity facing humanity this century. The ability of researchers to combine exponential advances in technology and scientific acumen has resulted in landmark discoveries in pediatric research and is surmounting the COVID-19 challenge. Several of these discoveries exist in a realm of research that is not classically "basic" or "clinical." Translational research characterizes this domain partially, but does not fully capture the integrated research approaches that have spurred these discoveries. Herein, we share our perspective on the common themes underpinning the basic and clinical …

Comparative Analysis Of Pediatric Covid-19 Infection In Southeast Asia, South Asia, Japan, And China, Judith Ju Ming Wong, Qalab Abbas, Soo Lin Chua, Ririe Fachrina Malisie, Kah Min Pon, Tomohiro Katsuta, Hongxing Dang, Pei Chuen Lee, Muralidharan Jayashree, Quratulain Maha

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

There is a scarcity of data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in children from southeast and south Asia. This study aims to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease among children in the region. This is an observational study of children with COVID-19 infection in hospitals contributing data to the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care COVID-19 Registry of Asia. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were included in this registry. The primary outcome was severity of COVID-19 infection as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) (mild, moderate, severe, or critical). Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and outcomes of children with COVID-19 …

Covid-19 In Children-Not Just Little Adults., Jennifer E. Schuster, Annabelle De St Maurice

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Comment on

• Underlying Medical Conditions Associated With Severe COVID-19 Illness Among Children. Kompaniyets L, Agathis NT, Nelson JM, Preston LE, Ko JY, Belay B, Pennington AF, Danielson ML, DeSisto CL, Chevinsky JR, Schieber LZ, Yusuf H, Baggs J, Mac Kenzie WR, Wong KK, Boehmer TK, Gundlapalli AV, Goodman AB.JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jun 1;4(6):e2111182. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11182.PMID: 34097050 Free PMC article.

How Covid-19 Has Fundamentally Changed Clinical Research In Global Health, Jay J H. Park, Robin Mogg, Gerald E. Smith, Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu, Fyezah Jehan, Craig R. Rayner, Jeanine Condo, Eric H. Decloedt, Jean B. Nachega, Gilmar Reis, Edward J. Mills

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

COVID-19 has had negative repercussions on the entire global population. Despite there being a common goal that should have unified resources and efforts, there have been an overwhelmingly large number of clinical trials that have been registered that are of questionable methodological quality. As the final paper of this Series, we discuss how the medical research community has responded to COVID-19. We recognise the incredible pressure that this pandemic has put on researchers, regulators, and policy makers, all of whom were doing their best to move quickly but safely in a time of tremendous uncertainty. However, the research community's response …

Maternal And Neonatal Morbidity And Mortality Among Pregnant Women With And Without Covid-19 Infection: The Intercovid Multinational Cohort Study, José Villar, Shabina Ariff, Robert B. Gunier, Ramachandran Thiruvengadam, Stephen Rauch, Alexey Kholin, Paola Roggero, Federico Prefumo, Marynéa Silva Do Vale, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Importance: Detailed information about the association of COVID-19 with outcomes in pregnant individuals compared with not-infected pregnant individuals is much needed.
Objective: To evaluate the risks associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with not-infected, concomitant pregnant individuals.
Design, setting, and participants: In this cohort study that took place from March to October 2020, involving 43 institutions in 18 countries, 2 unmatched, consecutive, not-infected women were concomitantly enrolled immediately after each infected woman was identified, at any stage of pregnancy or delivery, and at the same level of care to minimize bias. Women and neonates were …

Mental Health Of Children And Adolescents Amidst Covid-19 And Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review, Salima Meherali, Neelam Punjani, Samantha Louie-Poon, Komal Abdul Rahim, Jai K. Das, Rehana A. Salam, Zohra S. Lassi

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: The COVID‑19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of people around the world. It is already evident that the direct and indirect psychological and social effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic are insidious and affect the mental health of young children and adolescents now and will in the future. The aim and objectives of this knowledge-synthesis study were to identify the impact of the pandemic on children's and adolescent's mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions employed during previous and the current pandemic to promote children's and adolescents' mental health.
Methodology: We conducted …

Serial Population-Based Serosurveys For Covid-19 In Two Neighbourhoods Of Karachi, Pakistan, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Nadia Ansari, Farah Khalid, Mashal Amin, Hamna Shahbaz, Aneeta Hotwani, Najeeb Rehman, Usma Mehmood, Arjumand Rizvi, Junaid Iqbal, Ali Faisal Saleem, Fyezah Jehan

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To determine population-based estimates of COVID-19 in a densely populated urban community of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in April, June and August in low- and high-transmission neighborhoods. Participants were randomly selected to provide blood for Elecsys® immunoassay for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Bayesian regression model was used to estimate seroprevalence after adjusting for the demographic characteristics of each district RESULTS: We enrolled 3005 participants from 623 households. In Phase 2, adjusted seroprevalence was estimated as 8.7% (95% CI 5.1-13.1) and 15.1% (95% CI 9.4 -21.7) in low and high transmission areas respectively, compared to 0.2% …

Exploring Pediatric Tele-Rheumatology Practices During Covid-19: A Survey Of The Prcoin Network., Y Ingrid Goh, Danielle R. Bullock, Janalee Taylor, Rajdeep Pooni, Tzielan C. Lee, Sheetal S. Vora, Cagri Yildirim-Toruner, Esi M. Morgan, Nancy Pan, Julia G. Harris, Andrew Warmin, Kendra Wiegand, Jon M. Burnham, Fatima Barbar-Smiley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Healthcare providers were rapidly forced to modify the way they practiced medicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many providers transitioned from seeing their patients in person to virtually using telemedicine platforms with limited training and experience using this medium. In pediatric rheumatology, this was further complicated as musculoskeletal exams typically require hands-on assessment of patients. The objective of this study was to examine the adoption of telemedicine into pediatric rheumatology practices, to assess its benefits and challenges, and to gather opinions on its continued use. A survey was sent to the lead representatives of each Pediatric Rheumatology Care …

Is Covid-19 Pushing Us To The Fifth Industrial Revolution (Society 5.0)?, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Hamza M. Iftikar, Ramsha Akhund

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may further promote the development of Industry 4.0 leading to the fifth industrial revolution (Society 5.0). Industry 4.0 technology such as Big Data (BD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) may lead to a personalized system of healthcare in Pakistan. The final bridge between humans and machines is Society 5.0, also known as the super-smart society that employs AI in healthcare manufacturing and logistics. In this communication, we review various Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 technologies including robotics and AI being inspected to control the rate of transmission of COVID-19 globally. We demonstrate the applicability of …

The Quantity And Composition Of Household Food Waste During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Direct Measurement Study In Canada, Haley Everitt, Paul Van Der Werf, Jamie A. Seabrook, Alexander Wray, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic may have amplified the environmental, social, and economic implications of household food waste. A better understanding of household food wasting during the pandemic is needed to improve the management of waste and develop best practices for municipal waste management programs under crisis circumstances. A waste composition study was undertaken with 100 single-family households across the city of London, Ontario, Canada to determine the quantity and composition of household food waste disposed in June 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines how household demographic, socioeconomic, and neighbourhood food environment characteristics influence household food …

Understanding And Promoting Racial Diversity In Healthcare Settings To Address Disparities In Pandemic Crisis Management, Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Alanna Barrios, Kuchalambal Agadi, Sindhu Thevuthasan, Krunal Pandav, Manish Kc, Muzna Sarfraz, Pedram Rad, George Michel

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Health disparities have become apparent since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. When observing racial discrimination in healthcare, self-reported incidences, and perceptions among minority groups in the United States suggest that, the most socioeconomically underrepresented groups will suffer disproportionately in COVID-19 due to synergistic mechanisms. This study reports racially-stratified data regarding the experiences and impacts of different groups availing the healthcare system to identify disparities in outcomes of minority and majority groups in the United States.
Methods: Studies were identified utilizing PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO search engines without date and language restrictions. The following keywords were used: …

Cardio-Pulmonary Sequelae In Recovered Covid-19 Patients: Considerations For Primary Care, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Alanna Barrios, Radhika Garimella, Asimina Dominari, Manish Kc, Krunal Pandav, Juan C. Pantoja, Varadha Retnakumar, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Current literature lacks characterization of the post-recovery sequelae among COVID-19 patients. This review characterizes the course of clinical, laboratory, radiological findings during the primary infection period, and the complications post-recovery. Primary care findings are presented for long-COVID care.
Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, 4 databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Scopus) through December 5, 2020, using the keywords "COVID-19 and/or recovered and/or cardiovascular and/or long-term and/or sequelae and/or sub-acute and/or complication." We included published peer-reviewed case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies providing the clinical course of COVID-19 infection, and cardiopulmonary complications of patients who recovered from COVID-19, …

The Influence Of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) On Parkinson’S Disease: An Updated Systematic Review, Vikash Jaiswal, Danah Alquraish, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Shavy Nagpal, Prakriti Singh Shrestha, Dattatreya Mukherjee, Prathima Guntipalli, Diana F. Sánchez Velazco, Arushee Bhatnagar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: COVID-19 has affected global communities with multiple neurological complications in addition to other critical medical issues. COVID-19 binds to the host's angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are expressed in the neurons and glial cells, acting as an entry port to the central nervous system (CNS). ACE2 receptors are abundantly expressed on dopamine neurons, which may worsen the prognosis of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). SARS-CoV-2 may lead to an indirect response via immune-mediated cytokine storms and propagate through the CNS leading to damage. In this systematic review, we aim to provide thorough analyses of associations between COVID-19 …

The Impact Of Perinatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection During The Peripartum Period., O. Janssen, M. Thompson, S. Milburn, R. Green, B. Wagner, A. Bianco, A. Stroustrup

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Teleneurology Based Management Of Infantile Spasms During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Consensus Report By The South Asia Allied West Syndrome Research Group, Priyanka Madaan, Jitendra Kumar Sahu, Jithangi Wanigasinghe, Kanij Fatema, Kyaw Linn, Mimi Lhamu Mynak, Nicolás Garófalo Gómez, Pauline Samia, Prakash Poudel, Prem Chand

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

With telehealth services rescuing patients with chronic neurological disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for simplified teleneurology protocols for neurological disorders in children. Infantile spasms is an epileptic encephalopathy where treatment lag is a significant predictor of outcome. It is one such condition where telemedicine can make a remarkable difference when in-person consultations are delayed or are not possible. However, the adverse effect profile of the first-line therapeutic options, the need for frequent follow-up, underdeveloped telemedicine services, lack of a rational protocol, poor awareness about infantile spasms, a lesser level of parental understanding, and scarcity of pediatric …

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections In Children: Multicenter Surveillance, United States, January-March 2020., Brian Rha, Joana Y. Lively, Janet A. Englund, Mary A. Staat, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Natasha B. Halasa, John V. Williams, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Marian G. Michaels, Laura S. Stewart, Christopher J. Harrison, Peter G. Szilagyi, Monica M. Mcneal, Eileen J. Klein, Bonnie Strelitz, Kirsten Lacombe, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Mary Moffatt, Jennifer E. Schuster, Barbara A. Pahud, Gina Weddle, Robert W. Hickey, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Mary E. Wikswo, Aron J. Hall, Aaron T. Curns, Susan I. Gerber, Gayle Langley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Previous reports of coronavirus disease 2019 among children in the United States have been based on health jurisdiction reporting. We performed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing on children enrolled in active, prospective, multicenter surveillance during January-March 2020. Among 3187 children, only 4 (0.1%) SARS-CoV-2-positive cases were identified March 20-31 despite evidence of rising community circulation.

Revisiting Child And Adolescent Health In The Context Of The Sustainable Development Goals, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Kathryn M. Yount, Quique Bassat, Artur A. Arikainen

Woman and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Telehealth Care And Its Role In Undergraduate Medical Education In The Covid-19 Era., Peter J. Gonzalez, Dustin J. Paul

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Background

On March 17, 2020, the American Association of Medical Colleges issued a statement which “strongly supports medical schools pausing all student clinical rotations, effective immediately, until at least March 31.” The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine immediately withdrew third- and fourth-year students from clinical rotation sites, and developed alternative, online-based clerkship curricula to complete for the remainder of the academic year. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about many challenges to Undergraduate Medical Education, and has deprived upper-level students of foundational, in-person, clinical experiences. The UTRGV School of Medicine Department of Neurology is among the first …

Patient Experience In A Pediatric Emergency Department During Covid-19, Beth L. Emerson Md, Erika Setzer

Patient Experience Journal

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many dynamics in healthcare in the United States. This study explores an increase in patient experience (PE) scores in a pediatric emergency department. Visits were analyzed before and after March 8, 2020, corresponding with the first local case of COVID-19. Changes in the patient population and characteristics of survey responders were analyzed. Overall, the number of daily visits decreased (113 vs 36/day) and survey response rate decreased (3.7 vs 2.8%, p = 0.03), but PE scores increased (87.21 to 93.73, p = 0.002). Comparatively, an increase in patients with higher acuity levels by Emergency Severity …

Intussusception In An Infant As A Manifestation Of Covid-19, Zorays Moazzam, Areej Saleem, Alina Ashraf, Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Arshad

Medical College Documents

Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are rare and have primarily been limited to diarrhea or vomiting. Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infants, with up to 30% of pediatric intussusception cases having a preceding viral illness. We present the rare case of intussusception in a SARS-CoV-2 positive infant. This is the first documented case of survival in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting with intussusception as the primary manifestation. As our knowledge of this disease evolves, surgeons need to remain suspicious for possible gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.

Be A Hero Too, Samantha S. Rohe, Sophie Cemaj

Books: Pediatrics

This children's book explains COVID-19 and how to decrease the incidence of transmissions.

Sé Un Héroe Tú También, Samantha S. Rohe, Sophie Cemaj

Books: Pediatrics

This children's book explains COVID-19 and how to decrease the incidence of transmissions.