Medical Specialties Commons^™

Clonal Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, And Virulence Factor Prevalence Of Community Associated Staphylococcus Aureus In Southeastern Virginia, Katelyn D. Cranmer, Mohan D. Pant, Suzanne Quesnel, Julia A. Sharp

EVMS School of Health Professions Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen with a formidable propensity for antibiotic resistance. Worldwide, it is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and infective endocarditis originating from both community- and healthcare associated settings. Although often grouped by methicillin resistance, both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains are known to cause significant pathologies and injuries. Virulence factors and growing resistance to antibiotics play major roles in the pathogenicity of community-associated strains. In our study, we examined the genetic variability and acquired antibiograms of 122 S. aureus clinical isolates from SSTI, blood, and urinary …

Short-Term Removal Of Exercise Impairs Glycemic Control In Older Adults: A Randomized Trial, Leryn J. Reynolds, Troy M. Williams, Joel E. Harden, Hannah M. Twiddy, Monica L. Kearney

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Postprandial glycemia (PPG) predicts cardiovascular disease, and short-term physical inactivity increases PPG in young, active adults. Whether this occurs in older, active adults who may be more prone to bouts of inactivity is unknown. This study determined if postprandial interstitial glucose (PPIG) was impaired in active older adults following the removal of exercise for 3 days (NOEX) compared to active young adults. In this randomized, crossover study, 11 older (69.1 ± 1.9 years) and 9 young (32.8 ± 1.8 years) habitually active (≥90 min/week of exercise) adults completed 3-days of NOEX and 3-days of normal habitual exercise (EX), separated by …

Feasibility And Reliability Of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests In Children And Adolescents With Hearing Impairment, Jiafu Huang, Jianmei Yang, Justin A. Haegele, Lijuan Wang, Sitong Chen, Chunxiao Li

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Although research supports the feasibility and reliability of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) tests in typically developing children and adolescents, little is known regarding the feasibility and reliability of these tests for those with hearing impairments (HI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a HRPF test battery for children and adolescents with HI. A test–retest design with a one-week interval was conducted with 26 participants with HI (mean age: 12.7 ± 2.8 years; 9 male). The feasibility and reliability of seven field-based HRPF tests (i.e., body mass index, grip strength, standing long jump, vital …

Exposure To Pcb126 During The Nursing Period Reversibly Impacts Early-Life Glucose Tolerance, Brittany B. Rice, Keegan W. Sammons, Sara Y. Ngo Tenlep, Madeline T. Weltzer, Leryn J. Reynolds, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Hollie I. Swanson, Kevin J. Pearson

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental organic pollutants known to have detrimental health effects. Using a mouse model, we previously demonstrated that PCB126 exposure before and during pregnancy and throughout the perinatal period adversely affected offspring glucose tolerance and/or body composition profiles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose tolerance and body composition of offspring born to dams exposed to PCB126 during the nursing period only. Female ICR mice were bred, and half of the dams were exposed to either vehicle (safflower oil) or 1 µmole PCB126 per kg of body weight via oral gavage on postnatal …

Age-Related Differences In Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity And Sleep Parameters Among Children And Adolescents With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis, Xiao Liang, Justin A. Haegele, Sean Healy, Andy Choi-Yeung Tse, Hui Qiu, Shi Zhao, Chunxiao Li

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Importance: Physical inactivity and sleep disorders are health-related concerns of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that can persist from childhood and exacerbate core symptoms. However, evidence on group differences in accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sleep parameters among youth with and without ASD is inconclusive and age-specific effects remain unclear.

Objective: To synthesize evidence on group differences in accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sleep parameters and examine the moderating effects of age between children and adolescents with and without ASD.

Data Sources: American Psychological Association PsychInfo, CINAHL Ultimate, ERIC, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, and Web of Science from inception to …

Leadership Matters: How Leadership Interacts With Physician Burnout In Private And Employed Practice Physicians, Peggy Nowak, Amy Williams

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Project objective/background Physician burnout is an occupational hazard that is multifactorial. Prior research has found that health care leadership qualities impact physician well-being and role satisfaction. However, this research was conducted in a fully employed physician model health system. The current study seeks to further understand the associations of physician satisfaction with their direct leaders and physician burnout and wellbeing in a mixed employed and private practice physician sample. Methods/approach Cross-sectional sample of 1300 physicians in both employed and private practice models received email invitations to take an anonymous survey in mid-2019. The physicians represented specialties providing care at inpatient …

Relationship Between Crown Like Structures And Body Mass Index In Breast Cancer, Sophie Wanjiru Irungu

Master of Medicine in Anatomic Pathology

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, including Kenya. Globally, increasing incidences of BC have paralleled those of obesity. The mechanism by which obesity contributes to BC is still an active area of research but white adipose tissue inflammation characterized by crown-like structures (CLS), which are macrophages surrounding dying adipocytes, is considered an important contributor. Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the association between CLS and body mass index (BMI) in BC patients. The secondary objectives were to determine the association of CLS with BC risk factors specifically, age, menopausal status, subtypes of BC, …

A Story Of Hope: How A Community Project Is Transforming The Lives Of Filipino Children With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Lance Vincent C. Sese, Ma Celina L. Guillermo

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

The issue of social inequality became more prevalent during the pandemic and with it, the call for preferential option toward the vulnerable. 1 Not only do we protect them from sickness and death, but we are also called to improve their quality of life. Thus, it is imperative that in this call for inclusivity, we address the gap, one group at a time—for example, children with special needs. The project discussed in this perspective article exemplifies the importance of collaboration in bridging the gap to create a more holistic environment for Filipino children with special needs. This article then serves …

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy In Asean: Insights From A Multi-Wave Survey Database From July 2020 To March 2021, Kenneth Y. Hartigan-Go, Ronald U. Mendoza, Madeline Mae A. Ong, Jurel K. Yap

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Objectives

Early studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy showed varied intensity across countries, which was linked to various factors such as socio-economic conditions, information sources, and issues of trust in government, scientific experts, and the health sector. This study aims to evaluate the determinants of vaccine hesitancy to offer insights into the strategies that may be successful in designing communications campaigns for enhanced vaccination uptake.

Methods

Through logistic regression, this study examines correlates of survey data from five Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia (ID), Malaysia (MY), Philippines (PH), Thailand (TH), Vietnam (VN) collected by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Initiative on …

Combined 3d Bioprinting And Tissue-Specific Ecm System Reveals The Influence Of Brain Matrix On Stem Cell Differentiation, Martina Zamponi, Peter A. Mollica, Yara Khodour, Julie S. Bjerring, Robert D. Bruno, Patrick C. Sachs

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

We have previously shown that human and murine breast extracellular matrix (ECM) can significantly impact cellular behavior, including stem cell fate determination. It has been established that tissue-specific extracellular matrix from the central nervous system has the capacity to support neuronal survival. However, the characterization of its influence on stem cell differentiation and its adaptation to robust 3D culture models is underdeveloped. To address these issues, we combined our 3D bioprinter with hydrogels containing porcine brain extracellular matrix (BMX) to test the influence of the extracellular matrix on stem cell differentiation. Our 3D bioprinting system generated reproducible 3D neural structures …

Copy Number Alterations Of Aggressive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors, Grace Zhang

Scripps Senior Theses

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are tumors of the pituitary gland. Although most are benign, they can cause severe morbidity if compression of surrounding tissue and/or endocrinopathies occur.

Aggressive PitNETs are notably detrimental and difficult to predict, and their effects are further exacerbated by challenges in treatment. Although histological studies can detect certain markers of tumor aggressiveness, they are insufficient at wholly predicting PitNET aggressiveness, making the clinical behavior of PitNETs challenging to determine. Since treatment of aggressive tumors also remains suboptimal, this further results in negative impacts on health and quality of life.

Genetic markers, such as copy number variations …

An Iceberg I Can’T Handle: A Qualitative Inquiry On Perceptions Towards Paediatric Rheumatology Among Healthcare Workers In Kenya, Angela Migowa, Sasha Bernatsky, Anthony Ngugi, Helen E. Foster, Peter Muriuki, Adelaide Lusambili, Stanley Luchters

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Delay in diagnosis and access to specialist care is a major problem for many children and young people with rheumatic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Most children with symptoms of rheumatic disease present to nonspecialists for care. There is an urgent need to understand and scale-up paediatric rheumatology knowledge and skills amongst non-specialist healthcare workers to promote early diagnosis, prompt referral, and management.

Purpose: We evaluated the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards diagnosis and care of paediatric rheumatology patients among health care workers in Kenya.

Methods: We conducted 12 focus group discussions with clinical officers (third-tier community health …

Extracellular Vesticles In Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Understanding Protective And Harmful Signaling For The Development Of New Therapeutics, Matthew Bavuso, Noel Miller, Joshua M. Sill, Anca Dobrian, Ruben M. L. Colunga Biancatelli

Bioelectrics Publications

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe respiratory condition characterized by increased lung permeability, hyper-inflammatory state, and fluid leak into the alveolar spaces. ARDS is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple direct and indirect causes that result in a mortality of up to 40%. Due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, its incidence has increased up to ten-fold. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small liposome-like particles that mediate intercellular communication and play a major role in ARDS pathophysiology. Indeed, they participate in endothelial barrier dysfunction and permeability, neutrophil, and macrophage activation, and also in the development of a hypercoagulable state. A more …

Pulsed Electric Field Ablation Of Esophageal Malignancies And Mitigating Damage To Smooth Muscle: An In Vitro Study, Emily Gudvangen, Uma Mangalanathan, Iurii Semenov, Allen S. Kiester, Mark A. Keppler, Bennett L. Ibey, Joel N. Bixler, Andrei G. Pakhomov

Bioelectrics Publications

Cancer ablation therapies aim to be efficient while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a promising ablation modality because of its selectivity against certain cell types and reduced neuromuscular effects. We compared cell killing efficiency by PEF (100 pulses, 200 ns–10 µs duration, 10 Hz) in a panel of human esophageal cells (normal and pre-malignant epithelial and smooth muscle). Normal epithelial cells were less sensitive than the pre-malignant ones to unipolar PEF (15–20% higher LD50, p < 0.05). Smooth muscle cells (SMC) oriented randomly in the electric field were more sensitive, with 30–40% lower LD50 (p < 0.01). Trains of ten, 300-ns pulses at 10 kV/cm caused twofold weaker electroporative uptake of YO-PRO-1 dye in normal epithelial cells than in either pre-malignant cells or in SMC oriented perpendicularly to the field. Aligning SMC with the field reduced the dye uptake fourfold, along with a twofold reduction in Ca²⁺ transients. A 300-ns pulse induced a twofold smaller transmembrane potential in cells aligned with the field, making them …

Clinical Features And Outcomes In Pediatric Severe Scald Burn Patients, Ashley Daniel

Presentations

Introduction/Hypothesis Young children with scald burns experience severe complications compared to older children. A paucity of data exists to support these observations. This study compares clinical features and complications of younger versus older pediatric patients with scald burns at four children’s hospitals participating in the Pediatric Injury Quality Improvement Collaborative (PIQIC). This collaborative includes five pediatric burn centers that utilize research to improve quality of burn care. 485 Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of scald burn patients admitted from 2010 to 2020 to four pediatric hospitals participating in PIQIC. Patients with total body surface area (TBSA) < 15% were excluded. Patients were categorized by age into three groups: toddlers (0–3 years), children (3-10 years), and adolescents (>10 years). …

Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis In A Patient With Crohn Disease: A Case Report., Mark Daniele Bugada, Vamsi K Emani

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is an idiopathic small vessel vasculitis. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis can be found in a spectrum of diseases and is noted as a rare extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn disease. This case report examines a 55-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of Crohn disease who was admitted after 5 days with a persistent rash. A biopsy confirmed LCV, and the patient followed up with dermatology for outpatient treatment. This study adds to the sparse medical literature on LCV cases relating to Crohn disease.

Retrospective Review Of The Utility Of Mrsa Naat Screening To Predict Mrsa Infections, Nyles T Fowler, Brent Footer, Caitlin Morris

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

Insulin Utilization In Post-Operative Open Heart Surgery Patients, Kathy Trinh, Bryce Winn, Hsin-Fang Li

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Geriatric Mini-Fellowship On Prescribing Practice Of The Pmg Primary Care Providers, Madalyn Kuhlenberg, Sharon Leigh

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Egfr Vs Crcl To Monitor For Renal Dose Adjustments Within Central Refill, Briana Thompson, Angela Koerner

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Standard Dose Ibuprofen In Combination With Acetaminophen For Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Pda) Treatment In Preterm Neonates, Jennifer Lee, Samantha Tatz, Douglas Hanes

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

A Quasi-Experimental Study Of Trough-Guided Versus Area Under The Curve-Guided Vancomycin Monitoring In Patients With Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Using Desirability Of Outcome Ranking (Door), Justin Donat, Brent Footer, Gregory B. Tallman

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

Determination Of Kinetic Parameters For Bone Turnover In Chronic Kidney Disease With Hemodialysis Patients Using Dynamics 18f-Naf Pet/Ct Imaging, Viyada Sanoesan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Bone turnover measurement using 18F-NaF PET/CT serves as a valuable imaging biomarker for studying bone metabolism at various sites of skeleton. This study aimed to determine the kinetic parameters (Ki–Patlak) for bone turnover prediction as a non-invasive biomarker from dynamic 18F-NaF PET/CT in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with hemodialysis. Moreover, we aimed to investigate whether Ki–Patlak derived from shortened scan time can provide a prediction equivalent to that obtained from routine dynamic scan. Twenty-seven Thai CKD patients on hemodialysis (48 scans) from December 2021 to December 2023 were recruited. After intravenous injection of 18F-NaF of 133±39.3 MBq, dynamic PET/CT …

Prospective Investigation Of Insomnia Symptoms And Sleep Duration As Risk Factors For Stroke Incidence And All-Cause Mortality In U.S Adult, Wendemi Sawadogo

Theses and Dissertations

Background and Objectives: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. In the United States, on average, someone has a stroke every 40 seconds and someone dies as a result of stroke every 3.5 minutes. Identifying modifiable risk factors of stroke is therefore a public health priority. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which insomnia symptoms and sleep duration contribute to stroke incidence, all-cause mortality, and explore potential causal pathways.

Methods: The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were …

Social Determinants Of Health In People Living With Psychiatric Disorders: The Role Of Pharmacists., Carla D Cobb, Shari N. Allen, Joseph M Cusimano, Michelle Ding, Amanda S Eloma, Carol A Ott, Kimberly B Tallian

PCOM Scholarly Works

INTRODUCTION: Social determinants of health (SDOH) affect outcomes of people living with psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. As experts in medication optimization, pharmacists play a vital role in identifying and addressing medication-related problems associated with SDOH. However, there is a paucity of literature on how pharmacists can be part of the solution.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review and commentary on the intersection between SDOH, medication-related outcomes in people living with psychiatric disorders, and the role of pharmacists in addressing them.

METHOD: The American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists appointed an expert panel to …

A Case Of Vibrio Vulnificus In Galveston, Kayla Nguyen, Duyen Quach, Chinasa Anokwuru, Connor Hogan, Mike Liang

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Journal Club 2.0: A Fun, Active-Learning Based Journal Club Template For Residency Program, Arya Nikjoo, J Torres, Zuhair Ali, Tunmi Anwoju, Rajeev Raghavan

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

An Interesting Case Of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage With An Elusive Etiology, Austin Makadia, Vishesh Persaud, Saiara Choudhury, Asad Chohan, Abhay Vakil

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Disclosure Of Radiographis Test Results On Quality Of Life Among Patients With Hernia: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Keyon Mohebzad, Rainna Coelho, Oscar A. Olavarria, Nicole Lyons, Karla Bernardi

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Knowledge Attitudes And Priorities Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance And Antimicrobial Stewardship Among Clinic Administrators And Clinicians In Outpatient Medical Centres In Kenya: A Qualitative Study, Mary Wanjiru Kaniu

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is an important global health threat and it is estimated that by 2050 it will account for 10 million deaths globally. Low and middle income countries are disproportionately affected by the burden of antimicrobial resistance. One of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance is irrational and overuse of antibiotics. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes and priorities of healthcare workers and healthcare administrators on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship is pivotal in implementation of strategies to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Methods: A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted among clinicians and clinic administrators in 12 …