Medical Specialties Commons^™

Apaview: A Web-Based Platform For Alternative Polyadenylation Analyses In Hematological Cancers, Xi Hu, Jialin Song, Jacqueline Chyr, Jinping Wan, Xiaoyan Wang, Jianqiang Du, Junbo Duan, Huqin Zhang, Xiaobo Zhou, Xiaoming Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Hematologic malignancies, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), are cancers that start in blood-forming tissues and can affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. They are often caused by genetic and molecular alterations such as mutations and gene expression changes. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a post-transcriptional process that regulates gene expression, and dysregulation of APA contributes to hematological malignancies. RNA-sequencing-based bioinformatic methods can identify APA sites and quantify APA usages as molecular indexes to study APA roles in disease development, diagnosis, and treatment. Unfortunately, APA data pre-processing, analysis, and visualization are time-consuming, inconsistent, …

Implementation Barriers To Integrating Exercise As Medicine In Oncology: An Ecological Scoping Review, Mary A. Kennedy, Sara Bayes, Robert U. Newton, Yvonne Zissiadis, Nigel Spry, Dennis Taaffe, Nicolas H. Hart, Daniel A. Galvao

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose

While calls have been made for exercise to become standard practice in oncology, barriers to implementation in real-world settings are not well described. This systematic scoping review aimed to comprehensively describe barriers impeding integration of exercise into routine oncology care within healthcare systems.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted across six electronic databases (since 2010) to identify barriers to implementing exercise into real-world settings. An ecological framework was used to classify barriers according to their respective level within the healthcare system.

Results

A total of 1,376 results were retrieved; 50 articles describing implementation barriers in real-world exercise oncology …

Digging For Data: How Sleep Is Losing Out To Roster Design, Sleep Disorders, And Lifestyle Factors, Gemma Maisey, Marcus Cattani, Amanda Devine, Johnny Lo, Shih Ching Fu, Ian C. Dunican

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Shift workers employed at a remote mining operation may experience sleep loss, impaired alertness, and consequently negative health and safety outcomes. This study determined the sleep behaviors and prevalence of risk for sleep disorders among shift workers; and quantified alertness for a roster cycle. Sleep duration was significantly less following; night shift by 77 ± 7 min and day shift by 30 ± 7 min. The wake after sleep onset was less by 23 ± 3 min for night shifts and 22 ± 3 min for day shifts (p < 0.05 for all). The prevalence of risk for sleep apnea was 31%, insomnia was 8%, and shiftwork disorder was 44%. Average alertness for all working hours was 75%. Shiftwork in remote mining operations is a significant factor that leads to sleep loss and reduced alertness, which is exacerbated by the high prevalence of risk for sleep disorders.

The Write Stuff - Winter 2022 (Vol. 19, No. 1), Research Medical Library

Write Stuff 2022

• NIH allows flexibility for applicants affected by the COVID-19 pandemic
• Whom to contact for help with your NIH grant applications
• How to write a peer review
• Council of Science Editors launches new podcast
• Unusual terms used in scientific writing and publishing: QWERTY, AZERTY, and Dvorak

The Write Stuff - Autumn 2022 (Vol. 19, No. 4), Research Medical Library

Write Stuff 2022

• Updated guidelines on reporting race and ethnicity in the AMA Manual of Style
• ARRIVE 2.0 and MDAR Framework guide methods reporting for animal research and other life sciences research
• SciScore: A tool to measure reproducibility
• Tips for using figures effectively in grant proposals
• Unusual terms used in scientific writing and publishing: Format-free submission

Subtype-Specific And Co-Occurring Genetic Alterations In B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Man Chun John Ma, Saber Tadros, Alyssa Bouska, Tayla Heavican, Haopeng Yang, Qing Deng, Dalia Moore, Ariz Akhter, Keenan Hartert, Neeraj Jain, Jordan Showell, Sreejoyee Ghosh, Lesley Street, Marta Davidson, Christopher Carey, Joshua Tobin, Deepak Perumal, Julie M. Vose, Matthew A. Lunning, Aliyah R. Sohani, Benjamin J. Chen, Shannon Buckley, Loretta J. Nastoupil, R. Eric Davis, Jason R. Westin, Nathan H. Fowler, Samir Parekh, Maher Gandhi, Sattva Neelapu, Douglas Stewart, Kapil Bhalla, Javeed Iqbal, Timothy Greiner, Scott J. Rodig, Adnan Mansoor, Michael R. Green

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) encompasses multiple clinically and phenotypically distinct subtypes of malignancy with unique molecular etiologies. Common subtypes of B-NHL, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, have been comprehensively interrogated at the genomic level, but rarer subtypes, such as mantle cell lymphoma, remain less extensively characterized. Furthermore, multiple B-NHL subtypes have thus far not been comprehensively compared using the same methodology to identify conserved or subtype-specific patterns of genomic alterations. Here, we employed a large targeted hybrid-capture sequencing approach encompassing 380 genes to interrogate the genomic landscapes of 685 B-NHL tumors at high depth, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, …

Dysregulation Of Biomarkers Of Hemostatic Activation And Inflammatory Processes Are Associated With Adverse Outcomes In Pulmonary Embolism, Iman Darwish, Jawed Fareed, Yevgeniy Brailovsky, Debra Hoppensteadt, Brett Slajus, Emily Bontekoe, Frank De Stefano, Trent Reed, Amir Darki

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Introduction: The pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism (PE) represents complex, multifactorial processes involving blood cells, vascular endothelium, and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Platelet (P), endothelial (E), and leukocyte (L)-selectin molecules may play an important role in PE pathophysiology. We aimed to profile the biomarkers of inflammation, including selectins in PE patients, and compare them to healthy individuals.

Materials and methods: 100 acute PE patients and 50 controls were included in this case control study. ELISA methods were used to quantify levels of selectins, inflammatory, and hemostatic biomarkers.

Results: In PE patients, levels of selectin molecules as compared to controls convey …

An Analysis Of Georgia Mothers Who Gave Birth In 2015 And 2016 Without Receiving Prenatal Care, Joncel Stephens, Shanta R. Dube, Merrilee Gober

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: The present study characterizes the population of women residing in the state of Georgia who did not receive prenatal care before giving birth to a live infant. The association between mother’s place of residence (rural/non-rural) and preterm delivery was also examined.

Methods: This study examined data obtained from the Georgia Department of Public Health which includes data for 7,062 mothers who did not receive prenatal care before giving birth to a live infant in Georgia in the years 2015 and 2016. Data on the resulting births was also studied. Descriptive analyses of the following variables were used …

Starting The New Year And Getting Rid Of Type 2 Diabetes?, Sheri R. Colberg

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Quantification Of Behavioral Deficits In Developing Mice With Dystonic Behaviors., Meike E Van Der Heijden, Jason S Gill, Alejandro G Rey Hipolito, Luis E Salazar Leon, Roy V Sillitoe

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Converging evidence from structural imaging studies in patients, the function of dystonia-causing genes, and the comorbidity of neuronal and behavioral defects all suggest that pediatric-onset dystonia is a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, to fully appreciate the contribution of altered development to dystonia, a mechanistic understanding of how networks become dysfunctional is required for early-onset dystonia. One current hurdle is that many dystonia animal models are ideally suited for studying adult phenotypes, as the neurodevelopmental features can be subtle or are complicated by broad developmental deficits. Furthermore, most assays that are used to measure dystonia are not suited for developing postnatal mice. …

Trauma Induced Coagulopathy, Patrick Corey

Rochester General Hospital Grand Rounds

Goals:

• Discuss how traumatic events affect coagulation of patient

• Steps ED doctor can take to prevent and treat coagulopathy

• New technology and how it can help guide trauma care

In Alzheimer-Prone Brain Regions, Metabolism And Risk-Gene Expression Are Strongly Correlated, Fengdan Ye, Quentin Funk, Elijah Rockers, Joshua M Shulman, Joseph C Masdeu, Belen Pascual

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Neuroimaging in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease provides information crucial to early intervention, particularly in people with a high genetic risk. Metabolic network modularity, recently applied to the study of dementia, is increased in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared with controls, but network modularity in cognitively unimpaired elderly with various risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease needs to be determined. Based on their 5-year cognitive progression, we stratified 117 cognitively normal participants (78.3 ± 4.0 years of age, 52 women) into three age-matched groups, each with a different level of risk for Alzheimer’s disease. From their fluorodeoxyglucose PET we constructed metabolic …

Stroboscopic Augmented Reality As An Approach To Mitigate Gravitational Transition Effects During Interplanetary Spaceflight, Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Nasif Zaman, Sharif Amit Kamran, Andrew G. Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

During interplanetary spaceflight, periods of extreme gravitational transitions will occur such as transitions between hypergravity, hypogravity, and microgravity. Following gravitational transitions, rapid sensorimotor adaptation or maladaptation may occur which can affect gaze control and weaken dynamic visual acuity in astronauts. A reduction in dynamic visual acuity during spaceflight could possibly impact or impair mission critical activities (e.g., control of extraterrestrial machinery/vehicles and other important tasks). Stroboscopic visual training is an emerging visual tool that has been terrestrially observed to enhance visual performance and perception by performing tasks under conditions of intermittent vision. This technique has also been seen to increase …

Outcomes Of Surgical Tracheostomy On Mechanically Ventilated Covid-19 Patients Admitted To A Private Tertiary Hospital In Tanzania, Nadeem Kassam, Ally Zain, Sajida Panjwani, Kamran Hameed, Samina Somji, Hanifa Mbithe, Fatma Bakshi, Bonvetura Mtega, Gloria Kinasa, Blessing Mathew, Harrison Chuwa

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an increase in the number of patients necessitating prolonged mechanical ventilation. Data on patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheostomy indicating timing and outcomes are very limited. Our study illustrates outcomes for surgical tracheotomies performed on COVID-19 patients in Tanzania.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at the Aga Khan Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Results: Nineteen patients with COVID-19 underwent surgical tracheotomy between 16 th March and 31st December 2021. All surgical tracheostomies were performed in the operating theatre. The average duration of intubation prior to tracheotomy …

Medication Usage In Independent Living: A Continuing Care Retirement Community Aging In Place Initiative, Aarti Deshpande, Carrie B Rubenstein, Ruth Benfield, Lee Burnside

All Poster Presentations

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify medication use concerns in this community.

Background: In this study, Swedish Geriatric Medicine Fellow partnered with this community to identify medication use concerns in this population.

Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) are intended to support residents as they age in place. These communities tend to be well resourced but less studied. This survey attempts to identify medication use concerns in this population. Mirabella CCRC has 324 Independent living (IL) residents, 82 of which are couples. The average age is 85 years. The current cost of an IL unit is from $4673- …

Psychometric Characteristics And Validity Of The Promis Cancer Function Brief 3d Profile, Sean R. Smith, Mary Vargo, David S Zucker, Samman Shahpar, Lynn Gerber, Maryanne Henderson, Gina Jay, Minji Lee, Andrea Cheville

All Poster Presentations

Purpose: To develop an item response theory (IRT)-calibrated patient-reported outcome measure (PRO) that assesses cancer patient physical function, fatigue and social participation.

Problem Statement: The subspecialty of cancer rehabilitation medicine (CRM) has to date lacked a psychometrically validated patient-reported outcome measure that assesses patients’ physical function, fatigue, and social participation. A significant proportion of the 16.9 million US cancer survivors will experience, or have already experienced, impairments that compromise function, a predictable consequence of their disease and treatment. While each disease site and line of treatment may be associated with unique impairments, there are some that cut across several cancers …

Write Night: How A Writing Accountability Group (Wag) Supports Scholarly Work And Connection At A Community Residency Program, Carrie B Rubenstein, Claire Thomson, Miranda D Lu, Anna Mcdonald, Karl Dietrich

All Poster Presentations

Purpose: The purpose of this innovative endeavor was to improve scholarly output and collaboration at the Swedish First Hill Family Medicine residency by establishing a Writing Accountability Group (WAG).

Background: While scholarly work during residency training is both required by the ACGME and important for producing physician leaders, many community-based residency programs have no formal structure to support such work and promote collaboration. At our program, faculty worked in functional silos and found it difficult to consistently involve residents in scholarly projects. WAGs have been studied in a variety of settings as a tool to increase scholarly output, improve writing …

Management Of Oral Cavity Mucormycosis In A Ketoacidotic Patient With Targeted Debridement And A Palate Obturator, Jennifer Adams, Adam Bender-Heine

School of Medicine Publications

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic mycosis common in poorly-controlled insulin dependent diabetic patients particularly with ketoacidosis. It often begins as a nasal and paranasal sinus infection with inhalation of spores into the paranasal sinuses of a susceptible host. In this case report we review the clinical symptoms, relevant imaging, and management of a diabetic patient with mucormycosis threatening his better seeing eye. This case report offers the clinician a review of important clinical and diagnostic findings that can help direct the need for orbital exenteration. In addition, various reconstruction options are considered to help guide informed management.

Omega-6 And Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Oxylipins From The Lipoxygenase Pathway In Maternal And Umbilical Cord Plasma At Delivery And Their Relationship With Infant Growth, Maranda Thompson, Arzu Ulu, Ana G. Yuil-Valdes, Maheswari Mukherjee, Melissa K. Thoene, Matthew Van Ormer, Rebecca Slotkowski, Elizabeth Lyden, Ann Anderson-Berry, Corrine K. Hanson, Tara M. Nordgren, Sathish Kumar Natarajan

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman's correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They …

Postoperative Breath-Holding Spells Requiring Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Rebecca Kreis, Jeffrey A. Robinson, Ali N. Ibrahimiye, Laura Ortmann

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Breath-holding spells are common in childhood and can be associated with bradycardia and pulselessness. This report details severe breath-holding spells complicating postoperative management after atrial septal defect closure. The patient required cardiopulmonary resuscitation despite the use of a temporary pacemaker to prevent bradycardia. After multiple episodes of chest compressions, the decision was made to not intervene immediately to pulselessness and the patient was able to recover without further intervention.

Nutrition Support Practices For Infants Born <750 Grams Or <25 Weeks Gestation: A Call For More Research, Melissa K. Thoene, Ann Anderson-Berry

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

With advances in medical care and efforts to care for continually smaller and younger preterm infants, the gestational age of viability has decreased, including as young as 21 or 22 weeks of gestation [...].

Neuromotor Changes In Participants With A Concussion History Can Be Detected With A Custom Smartphone App, Christopher K. Rhea, Masahiro Yamada, Nikita A. Kuznetsov, Jason T. Jakiela, Chanel T. Lojacono, Scott E. Ross, F. J. Haran, Jason M. Bailie, W. Geoffrey Wright

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Neuromotor dysfunction after a concussion is common, but balance tests used to assess neuromotor dysfunction are typically subjective. Current objective balance tests are either cost- or space-prohibitive, or utilize a static balance protocol, which may mask neuromotor dysfunction due to the simplicity of the task. To address this gap, our team developed an Android-based smartphone app (portable and cost-effective) that uses the sensors in the device (objective) to record movement profiles during a stepping-in-place task (dynamic movement). The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which our custom smartphone app and protocol could discriminate neuromotor behavior between …

Still Birth Classification: Application Of Relevant Condition At Death (Recode) Classification System In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Pakistan, Urooj Kashif, Shelina Bhamani, Asma Patel, Zaheena Shamsul Islam

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objectives: To determine the cause of stillbirth after application of relevant condition at death (ReCoDe) classification system.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study of 207 women diagnosed with stillbirth after 24 completed weeks of pregnancy at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019. The primary objective was to find the cause of stillbirth according to the new classification of relevant condition at death (ReCoDe).
Results: There were a total of 32413 live births and 207 stillbirths during the study period thus stillbirth rate of 6 per 1000 live births. In …

Fear, Faith And Finances: Health Literacy Experiences Of English And Swahili Speaking Women Newly Diagnosed With Breast And Cervical Cancer, Diana Kassaman, Tayreez Mushani, Peterson Kiraithe, Sharon Brownie, Margaret Barton-Burk

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Breast and cervical cancer are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. In Kenya, delayed presentation and diagnosis contribute to breast and cervical cancer mortality. The Kenyan government acknowledges the cancer burden with estimated 39,000 new cases diagnosed and 27,000 deaths per annum. Mortality can be reduced if cancer is diagnosed early and with appropriate treatment. Health Literacy (HL) about cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment is important in reducing mortality, but there is little understanding about HL levels, experiences of patients diagnosed with breast and cervical cancer and the contexts in which they make decisions. In this study, health …

Week 96 Extension Results Of A Phase 3 Study Evaluating Long-Acting Cabotegravir With Rilpivirine For Hiv-1 Treatment, Susan Swindells, Thomas Lutz, Lelanie Van Zyl, Norma Porteiro, Matthias Stoll, Essack Mitha, Alyssa Shon, Paul Benn, Jenny O. Huang, Conn M. Harrington, Kai Hove, Susan L. Ford, Christine L. Talarico, Vasiliki Chounta, Herta Crauwels, Rodica Van Solingen-Ristea, Simon Vanveggel, David A. Margolis, Kimberly Y. Smith, Kati Vandermeulen, William R. Spreen

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: ATLAS (NCT02951052), a phase 3, multicenter, open-label study, demonstrated that switching to injectable cabotegravir (CAB) with rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting dosed every 4 weeks was noninferior at week (W) 48 to continuing three-drug daily oral current antiretroviral therapy (CAR). Results from the W 96 analysis are presented.

METHODS AND DESIGN: Participants completing W 52 of ATLAS were given the option to withdraw, transition to ATLAS-2M (NCT03299049), or enter an Extension Phase to continue long-acting therapy (Long-acting arm) or switch from CAR to long-acting therapy (Switch arm). Endpoints assessed at W 96 included proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA less …

A Literature Resource For Those Supporting Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Cancer, Kaylee James

Psychology Doctoral Specialization Projects

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts both social interaction and patterns of behavior. ASD is rooted in genetic, biological, and environmental causes. Cancer begins when cells grow out of control and there is also a genetic and biological cause of cancer. There is an overlap between the genetic and biological causes of ASD and cancer. As a result, evidence supports an increased risk of developing some types of cancer as well as protective factors for some times of cancer for individuals with ASD. Therefore, individuals with ASD may be at a heightened risk to develop cancer, …

Factors Impacting Genomic Testing Rates Among Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Across A Large Community-Based Healthcare System, Nicole M. Kretzer, Christopher J. Darus, Nancy Biery, Roshanthi Weerasinghe, Grace Li, Ann Vita, Shwetha Pindikuri, Amy S. Parrish, Charles W Drescher, Fernanda B. Musa

All Podium Presentations

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for the highest mortality of all gynecological cancers. NCCN guidelines recommend germline and somatic testing for all women with invasive EOC. Despite this recommendation, there is a large diversity in the types of testing patients receive even within a single healthcare system. Reported data of genetic testing for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients is largely based on patients treated at academic medical centers or patients who participate in clinical trials.

Purpose: This study sought to determine the rates of germline and somatic testing for epithelial ovarian cancer patients and identify factors that impact testing …

Patterns Of Genomic Testing For Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Across A Large Community-Based Health Care Network- A Real World Experience, Nicole M. Kretzer, Fernanda B. Musa, Christopher Darus, Nancy Biery, Roshanthi Weerasinghe, Grace Li, Ann Vita, Shwetha Pindikuri, Amy S. Parrish, Charles W Drescher

All Podium Presentations

Background: NCCN guidelines recommend germline and somatic tumor testing for all women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Despite this recommendation, testing rates remain low and an optimal strategy to achieve the recommended testing has not been defined.

Purpose: We elected to review the patterns of germline and somatic tumor testing for patients with EOC across a large health care network to identify barriers to testing.

Methods: Clinical, pathologic, demographic and genomic testing (GT) information including involvement of a genetic counselor, specific test(s) ordered, test vendor, test turn-around time, and test results were obtained from the diverse dataset within the …

Water-Soluble Alternative To Simethicone To Safely Visualize Gi-Tract. Have We Found Our White Whale?, Teri Mallard, Sandra Roswell, Amarnath Ramakrishnan

All Podium Presentations

Purpose: To evaluate a safe alternative to simethicone, that aligns with the scope manufacturer recommendations, and eliminates GI bubbles to improve provider visualization.

Hypothesis: GI Ease will improve bubble scale scores to improve visualization of the GI tract and facilitate polyp detection.

Background: Multiple independent studies have shown that simethicone, even when highly diluted, remains in the endoscope working channel after all manual cleaning and reprocessing protocols have been followed correctly. Although simethicone effectively eliminates gas bubbles, it carries unacceptable risks. It is insoluble in water and alcohol, challenging to remove, and may foster biofilm build-up and microbial proliferation. Due …

The Use Of Two Types Of Suture And Stainless-Steel Wire Tension Banding For The Fixation Of Olecranon Fractures: A Biomechanical Comparison, Stuart Drew, Samer Al-Humadi, David Komatsu, Ann M. Meo

Stony Brook Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Journal

Purpose: Tension band constructs are commonly used for olecranon fracture fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine if a tension band constructed of No. 2 Dynacord suture, a silicone and salt-filled core within a UHMWPE sheath that expands radially and shortens axially when exposed to saline aqueous environment will provide constant initial static ompression forces compared to No. 2 FiberWire and stainless 18-gauge metal wire tension band.

Methods: A transverse osteotomy was placed in two sawbones models. Two 1.6 K-wires were placed across the osteotomy site and a Tekscan pressure sensor placed into the osteotomy site. The figure …