Medical Specialties Commons^™

Attenuation Of Excess Tnfα Release In Crohn's Disease By Silencing Of Irhoms 1/2 And The Restoration Of Tgfβ-Mediated Immunosuppression Through The Modulation Of Tace Trafficking, Taylor Louis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Although treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) with TNFa monoclonal antibodies is beneficial, many patients stop responding over time and become at risk of acquiring infections. This study investigated an alternative approach to attenuate the release of excess TNFα by silencing iRHOMs 1/2 with the intention of restoring TGFβ-mediated Immunosuppression through Mitigation of TNFα converting enzyme (TACE) Trafficking. TACE, a transmembrane metalloprotease involved in signaling of receptors/cytokines/growth factors/adhesion proteins, is upregulated in CD, resulting in a marked increase of membranous TNFα cleavage and inflammation. Initially, we measured TGFβRII shedding in plasma from CD patients and healthy controls (N=40 per group). We …

The Risk Factors For Self-Monitoring Of Blood Glucose Among Individuals Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes In Saudi Arabia, Mohammed Abdulrahman Alsuliman, Qi Zhang, Shelley Mishoe, Praveen K. Durgampudi

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Lack of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a known risk factor for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on SMBG among Saudis with T2DM.

Aim: The study aimed to investigate personal and cognitive-perceptual factors for SMBG among Saudis with T2DM guided by Health Promotion Model.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 808 Saudi adults with T2DM utilizing secondary data from the Saudi Health Interview Survey for 2013.

Statistical Analysis: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to examine the risk factors for SMBG among Saudis with T2DM. …

Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment And Distention In Mammalian Lungs: Species Similarities, David Langleben, Benjamin D. Fox, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Michele Giovinazzo, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Pulmonary arterial pressure rises minimally during exercise. The pulmonary microcirculation accommodates increasing blood flow via recruitment of pulmonary capillaries and, at higher flows, by distention of already perfused capillaries. The flow transition range between recruitment and distention has not been studied or compared across mammalian species, including humans. We hypothesised that the range would be similar. Functional pulmonary capillary surface area (FCSA) can be estimated using validated metabolic techniques. We reviewed data from previous studies in three mammalian species (perfused rabbit lungs and dog lung lobes, and exercising humans) and generated blood flow-FCSA curves over a range of flows. We …

The Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor, At13387, Protects The Alveolo-Capillary Barrier And Prevents Hci-Induced Chronic Lung Injury And Pulmonary Fibrosis, Ruben M.L. Colunga Biancatelli, Pavel Solopov, Christiana Dimitropoulou, Betsy Gregory, Tierney Day, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) exposure causes asthma-like conditions, reactive airways dysfunction syndrome, and pulmonary fibrosis. Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that regulates multiple cellular processes. HSP90 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials for cancer and are also being studied in various pre-clinical settings for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Here we investigated the ability of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor AT13387 to prevent chronic lung injury induced by exposure to HCl in vivo and its protective role in the endothelial barrier in vitro. We instilled C57Bl/6J mice with 0.1N HCl (2 µL/g body weight, intratracheally) and …

The Paradox Of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance: Restoration Of Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment As A Sine Qua Non For True Therapeutic Success In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, David Langleben, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Benjamin D. Fox, Nathan Messas, Michele Giovinazzo, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Exercise-induced increases in pulmonary blood flow normally increase pulmonary arterial pressure only minimally, largely due to a reserve of pulmonary capillaries that are available for recruitment to carry the flow. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, due to precapillary arteriolar obstruction, such recruitment is greatly reduced. In exercising pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, pulmonary arterial pressure remains high and may even increase further. Current pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, acting principally as vasodilators, decrease calculated pulmonary vascular resistance by increasing pulmonary blood flow but have a minimal effect in lowering pulmonary arterial pressure and do not restore significant capillary recruitment. Novel pulmonary arterial hypertension …

Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Impair The Angiogenic Response Of Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells, Nigeste Carter, Allison H. Mathiesen, Noel Miller, Michael Brown, Ruben M.L. Colunga Biancatelli, John D. Catravas, Anca D. Dobrian

Bioelectrics Publications

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prominent cause of death of adults in the United States with coronary artery disease being the most common type of CVD. Following a myocardial event, the coronary endothelium plays an important role in the recovery of the ischemic myocardium. Specifically, endothelial cells (EC) must be able to elicit a robust angiogenic response necessary for tissue revascularization and repair. However, local or distant cues may prevent effective revascularization. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are produced by all cells and endothelium is a rich source of EVs that have access to the main circulation thereby potentially impacting local …

Activation Of Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Protects Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Induced Acute Lung Injury And Inflammation, Nagaraja Nagre, Gregory Nicholson, Xiaofei Cong, Janette Lockett, Andrew C. Pearson, Vincent Chan, Woong-Ki Kim, K. Yaragudri Vinod, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Background

Bacterial pneumonia is a major risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic pathogen with an increasing resistance acquired against multiple drugs, is one of the main causative agents of ALI and ARDS in diverse clinical settings. Given the anti-inflammatory role of the cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R), the effect of CB2R activation in the regulation of PA-induced ALI and inflammation was tested in a mouse model as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy.

Methods

In order to activate CB2R, a selective synthetic agonist, JWH133, was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to C57BL/6J …

How To Alleviate Cardiac Injury From Electric Shocks At The Cellular Level, Pamela W. Sowa, Aleksander S. Kiełbik, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Emily Gudvangen, Uma Mangalanathan, Volker Adams, Olga N. Pakhomova

Bioelectrics Publications

Electric shocks, the only effective therapy for ventricular fibrillation, also electroporate cardiac cells and contribute to the high-mortality post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Copolymers such as Poloxamer 188 (P188) are known to preserve the membrane integrity and viability of electroporated cells, but their utility against cardiac injury from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains to be established. We studied the time course of cell killing, mechanisms of cell death, and protection with P188 in AC16 human cardiomyocytes exposed to micro- or nanosecond pulsed electric field (μsPEF and nsPEF) shocks. A 3D printer was customized with an electrode holder to precisely position electrodes orthogonal to …

In Vitro And In Vivo Correlation Of Skin And Cellular Responses To Nucleic Acid Delivery, M. Bosnjak, K. Znidar, A. Sales Conniff, T. Jesenko, B. Markelc, Nina Semenova, J. Tur, K. Kohena, S. Kranjc Brezar, L. Heller, M. Cemazar

Bioelectrics Publications

Skin, the largest organ in the body, provides a passive physical barrier against infection and contains elements of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Skin consists of various cells, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells. This diversity of cell types could be important to gene therapies because DNA transfection could elicit different responses in different cell types. Previously, we observed the upregulation and activation of cytosolic DNA sensing pathways in several non-tumor and tumor cell types as well in tumors after the electroporation (electrotransfer) of plasmid DNA (pDNA). Based on this research and the innate immunogenicity of …

Mechanisms Of Memory Updating: State Dependency Vs. Reconsolidation, Christopher Kiley, Colleen M. Parks

Psychology Faculty Research

Reactivating a memory trace has been argued to put it in a fragile state where it must undergo a stabilization process known as reconsolidation. During this process, memories are thought to be susceptible to interference and can be updated with new information. In the spatial context paradigm, memory updating has been shown to occur when new information is presented in the same spatial context as old information, an effect attributed to a reconsolidation process. However, the integration concept holds that memory change can only occur when reactivation and test states are the same, similar to a state-dependent effect. Thus, in …

Covid-19 Vaccine Brand Hesitancy And Other Challenges To Vaccination In The Philippines, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Lourdes S. Tanchanco, Manuel Dayrit

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Effective and safe COVID-19 vaccines have been developed at a rapid and unprecedented pace to control the spread of the virus, and prevent hospitalisations and deaths. However, COVID-19 vaccine uptake is challenged by vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiments, a global shortage of vaccine supply, and inequitable vaccine distribution especially among low- and middle-income countries including the Philippines. In this paper, we explored vaccination narratives and challenges experienced and observed by Filipinos during the early vaccination period. We interviewed 35 individuals from a subsample of 1,599 survey respondents 18 years and older in the Philippines. The interviews were conducted in Filipino, …

Detection Of Progression Or Regression Of Gynecologic Cancers By Circulating Tumor Dna (Ctdna), Bipin Ghimire, Ujjwal Karki, Emma Herrman, Mohammad Muhsin Chisti

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Objectives The use of post-operative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect cancer recurrence has been reported in various studies but the literature describing variable changes in ctDNA is limited. The objective of this study is to describe the utility of single and serial ctDNA values in detecting the progression or regression of gynecological cancers.

Methods This is a retrospective observational study including nineteen patients, aged >=18 years who had the ctDNA test completed at hematology/oncology clinic of William Beaumont – Royal Oak and Troy Hospitals, Michigan, USA.

Results Among the nineteen patients, fifteen had breast, three had ovarian, and one …

Response To "Lt's A Win-Win: The Effect Of Medical Students On Clinic Productivity"., Nicholas Anderson

Medical Education Articles

No abstract provided.

Factors Influencing Fellowship Training Among Ophthalmology Residents: A Pilot Study., Craig N Czyz, Rahul Kashyap, Laura L Wayman

Medical Education Articles

OBJECTIVE: There has been an increase in ophthalmology fellowship training programs and applicants. The current ophthalmology literature lacks any recent study examining factors influencing residents' decisions to pursue subspecialty fellowship training.

METHODS: An anonymous, 16-item survey was distributed to residents from a convenience sample of ophthalmology residency programs by their program directors or administrators.

RESULTS: A total of 72 residents and 9 interns from 9 distinct programs completed the survey. Eighty-two percent of respondents reported they have either applied or will apply for a fellowship position. Gender and race showed no significant association with fellowship application. Respondents perceived that obtaining …

ผลของการฝึกโยคะร่วมกับการฝึกกระตุ้นระบบรับรู้การทรงตัวในหูชั้นในต่อการทรงตัวในผู้สูงอายุเพศหญิง, อาทิตย์ งามชื่น

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

จากการศึกษาที่ผ่านมา ไม่ได้มีเพียงแค่การฝึกเสริมสร้างความแข็งแรงของกล้ามเนื้อและร่างกายเท่านั้นที่ส่งผลต่อการเพิ่มความสามารถในการทรงตัว แต่ยังพบว่าการฝึกกระตุ้นระบบรับรู้การทรงตัวในหูชั้นในส่งผลต่อความสามารถในการทรงตัวที่เพิ่มขึ้นได้เช่นกัน เพื่อให้ครอบคลุมถึงกลไกการควบคุมการทรงตัว ผู้วิจัยจึงสนใจการฝึกกระตุ้นการทำงานของระบบประสาทสั่งการ vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาเปรียบเทียบผลของการฝึกโยคะร่วมกับการฝึกกระตุ้นระบบรับรู้การทรงตัวในหูชั้นใน (YOGA+VSE) และ การฝึกโยคะเพียงอย่างเดียว (YOGA) ต่อความสามารถในการทรงตัวในผู้สูงอายุเพศหญิง ผู้เข้าร่วมวิจัยจะถูกสุ่มแบ่งออกเป็น 2 กลุ่ม คือ กลุ่ม YOGA+VSE (n=19) และ กลุ่ม YOGA (n=15) ทั้งสองกลุ่มจะได้รับการฝึกออกกำลังกาย 3 วัน/สัปดาห์ เป็นระยะเวลา 8 สัปดาห์ ซึ่งผู้เข้าร่วมวิจัยจะได้รับการทดสอบ Berg Balance Score, Time Up and Go, การควบคุมจุดศูนย์กลางแรงดันร่างกาย (center of pressure) ขณะยืน และการควบคุมจุดศูนย์กลางแรงโน้มถ่วงร่างกาย (center of gravity) ขณะเดิน ก่อนเข้าร่วมการฝึก หลังเข้าร่วมการฝึก 4 สัปดาห์ และ 8 สัปดาห์ ผลจากการศึกษา ภายหลังการฝึกออกกำลังกาย 8 สัปดาห์ พบว่าการควบคุมจุดศูนย์กลางแรงดันร่างกายขณะยืนกลุ่มที่ฝึกโยคะร่วมกับการฝึกกระตุ้นระบบรับรู้การทรงตัวในหูชั้นใน (YOGA+VSE) มีค่าความเร็วที่ใช้ในการเคลื่อนที่ของจุดศูนย์กลางแรงดันร่างกายลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับกลุ่มที่ฝึกโยคะเพียงอย่างเดียว (YOGA) และภายหลังการฝึกออกกำลังกาย 8 สัปดาห์ พบว่าการควบคุมจุดศูนย์กลางแรงโน้มถ่วงร่างกายขณะเดิน 1 gait cycle และขณะเดินในช่วง single limb stance phase ของทั้งสองกลุ่มมีค่าระยะทางการเคลื่อนที่ของจุดศูนย์กลางแรงโน้มถ่วงร่างกายลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ และผลจากการฝึกออกกำลังกายทั้งสองรูปแบบช่วยเพิ่มความสามารถในการทรงตัวขณะทำกิจกรรมเคลื่อนไหวร่างกายได้จากค่าคะแนน Berg Balance Score ที่เพิ่มขึ้น และระยะเวลาการทดสอบ Time Up and Go ที่ลดลง สรุปผลการวิจัย กลุ่มที่ฝึกโยคะร่วมกับการฝึกกระตุ้นระบบรับรู้การทรงตัวในหูชั้นในมีค่าความเร็วที่ใช้ในการเคลื่อนที่ของจุดศูนย์กลางแรงดันร่างกายขณะยืนลืมตาบนพื้นเรียบดีกว่ากลุ่มที่ฝึกโยคะเพียงอย่างเดียว อย่างไรก็ตาม การฝึกออกกำลังกายทั้งสองรูปแบบให้ผลไม่แตกต่างกันในการฝึกเพื่อเพิ่มความมั่นคงของร่างกายจากการควบคุมการทรงตัวขณะยืนและขณะเคลื่อนไหวร่างกาย ช่วยส่งเสริมความสามารถในการทรงตัวขณะทำกิจกรรมต่างๆ อีกทั้งยังช่วยลดปัญหาและป้องกันความเสี่ยงจากการหกล้มในผู้สูงอายุเพศหญิงได้

Changes In Physical Activity And Relationships To Submaximal Exercise Capacity And Cardiac Function During Breast Cancer Therapy, Moriah P. Bellissimo

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Breast cancer (BC) survivors are at high risk for heart failure due to curative cancer therapies. In non-cancer populations, physical activity is a first line treatment for preventing cardiovascular disease. This study examined whether more physical activity was associated with better submaximal exercise capacity and cardiac function during the first three months of cancer therapy.

Methods: Participants included 223 women with stage I-III BC before therapy and after three months of undergoing treatment and 126 controls. Leisure time physical activity was reported using the Godin Sheppard leisure time exercise questionnaire. Cardiac function was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance, and …

Tummy Time In Infancy: Real-World Assessments And Associations With Developmental Outcomes In Early Childhood, Ketaki Inamdar

Theses and Dissertations

Tummy time or awake, supervised, prone play is an important developmental play position in infancy. Engaging in more than 15 minutes of tummy time per day is associated with a lower risk of plagiocephaly, lower body mass index, and achievement of higher motor scores in full-term and at-risk preterm infants. However, there are significant gaps in the measurement of tummy time in current literature. Conventionally used subjective parent reports have not been validated against gold standard direct observation, and the feasibility and real-world validity of objective solutions such as wearable sensors has not been examined in full-term and at-risk preterm …

Targeting Bcl-2 Family Proteins In Therapy Induced Senescent Cancer Cell Models, Wade Cook

Theses and Dissertations

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) originates from numerous different cell types in the lungs and is among the deadliest of cancers. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) are derived from the mucosal membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Both NSCLC and HNSCC are predominately caused by tobacco smoke inhalation and as such mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are common. Since similarities exist in the root cause of NSCLC and HNSCC, they may also share similarities in treatment methods. Cisplatin is a platinum-based DNA damaging agent that has been used as a cancer chemotherapy for decades. …

Loss Of Smad4 Is Associated With Poor Tumor Immunogenicity And Reduced Pd-L1 Expression In Pancreatic Cancer, Daniel R. Principe, Patrick W. Underwood, Sandeep Kumar, Kaytlin E. Timbers, Regina M. Koch, Jose G. Trevino, Hidayatullah G. Munshi, Ajay Rana

Surgery Publications

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) is a key mediator of immune evasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and the addition of TGFβ inhibitors in select immunotherapy regimens shows early promise. Though the TGFβ target SMAD4 is deleted in approximately 55% of PDAC tumors, the effects of SMAD4 loss on tumor immunity have yet to be fully explored. Using a combination of genomic databases and PDAC specimens, we found that tumors with loss of SMAD4 have a comparatively poor T-cell infiltrate. SMAD4 loss was also associated with a reduction in several chemokines with known roles in T-cell recruitment, which was recapitulated …

Acute Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury Is Prevented By Betaine Administration, Madan Kumar Arumugam, Srinivas Chava, Sathish Kumar Perumal, Matthew C. Paal, Karuna Rasineni, Murali Ganesan, Terrence Donohue, Natalia A. Osna, Kusum K. Kharbanda

Journal Articles: Internal Medicine

Binge drinking is the most common form of excessive alcohol use. Repeated episodes of binge drinking cause multiple organ injuries, including liver damage. We previously demonstrated that chronic ethanol administration causes a decline in the intrahepatic ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). This decline causes impairments in essential methylation reactions that result in alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis) and other features of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Co-treatment with betaine during chronic ethanol feeding, normalizes hepatocellular SAM:SAH ratio and alleviates many features of liver damage including steatosis. Here, we sought to examine whether betaine treatment similarly protects against liver injury in …

Effect Of Living Arrangements On Cognitive Function In Chinese Elders: A Longitudinal Observational Study, Yanwei Lin, Qi Zhang, Tingxian Wang, Zhirong Zeng

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objective To examine how living arrangement as a social contextual factor can affect Chinese elders’ cognitive function.

Setting and participants Our sample consists of 2486 Chinese elders from two waves (2014 and 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) that was administered in 22 of China’s 31 provinces using a multi-stage, disproportionate, purposive random sampling method. The CLHLS aims to better understand the determinants of healthy longevity in China and collects extensive data on a large population of fragile elders aged 80–112 in China.

Outcome measures Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Living arrangement …

Trends In Stunting, Underweight And Overweight Among Children Aged < 5 Years In Kuwait: Findings From Kuwait Nutritional Surveillance System (2007-2019), Nawal Alqaoud, Abdullah Al-Taiar

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: There is a paucity of data on the secular trends of stunting and overweight among children aged < 5 years in oil-rich countries in the Middle East.

Aims: To examine the secular trends of stunting, underweight and overweight in children aged < 5 years in Kuwait between 2007 and 2019.

Methods: We used large individual data records (n=48 108) from the Kuwait Nutritional Surveillance System (KNSS) to calculate height/length-for-age z score (HAZ), weight-for-age z score and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z score using World Health Organization growth references. Stunting and underweight were defined as less than -2 standard deviation (SD) and overweight (including obesity) as ≥ 2 SD. Trends of stunting, underweight and overweight were …

Editorial: Infection, Inflammation, And Neurodegeneration: A Critical Path To Alzheimer's Disease, Volume Ii., Roberta Mancuso, Simone Agostini, Denah Appelt, Brian J. Balin

PCOM Scholarly Works

No abstract available

Clinical Characteristics And Prognostic Factors Of Atrial Fibrillation At A Tertiary Center Of Pakistan – From A South-Asian Perspective – A Cross-Sectional Study, Intisar Ahmed, Aiysha Nasir, Pirbhat Shams, Hunaina Shahab, Muhammad Hassan, Faryal Subhani, Ghurfan Adnan, Awais Farhad, Aamir Hameed, Yawer Saeed

Section of Cardiology

Background: There is lack of large data from South-Asian region on atrial fibrillation and it is imperative that clinical presentation, prognostic factors, management pursued, and outcomes are known for this part of the world. Once collective evidence for the region is known, region-specific guidelines can be laid forward.
Objectives: To evaluate clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of atrial fibrillation at a tertiary care center of Pakistan.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care center of Pakistan. Period of study ranged from July-December 2018. All hospitalized patients who were admitted with atrial fibrillation as a primary or …

Severe Mixed Mitral Valve Disease Due To Massive Mitral Annular Calcification: A Case Report And Literature Review, Fateh Ali Tipoo Sultan, Sheema Saadia

Section of Cardiology

We present an unusual case of massive mitral annular calcification (MAC) leading to severe mixed mitral valve disease, viz severe mitral regurgitation and severe mitral stenosis. To our knowledge, severe mixed mitral valve disease secondary to MAC is extremely rare. The patient (a 65-year-old lady) presented with worsening shortness of breath and signs of congestive heart failure. Echocardiographic examination revealed massive mitral annular calcification. Despite the massive annular calcification, she had experienced neither embolism nor endocarditis in the past. Because of severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis, surgery was advised; however, the patient declined it.

Intraoperative Post Partum Hemorrhage In A Patient With Dengue Fever, Usama Ahmed, Asiyah Aman

Department of Anaesthesia

A 33 year old obstetric patient with mild fever of undiagnosed etiology underwent emergency caesarean section under general anesthesia. She had platelet count of 98,000 per microliter and increased APTT of 37.8 s at the time of surgery. After uneventful anesthetic induction and delivery of fetus, slow and oozing type of bleeding led to massive hemorrhage. Patient remained vitally stable throughout perioperative phase and was extubated. Next day, patient's dengue IgM antibody was reported positive. Neonate was well and his dengue test was negative. Pregnant women are at high risk of developing severe complications of dengue fever with unclear mechanisms …

Variability Of Respiratory Rate Measurements In Neonates- Every Minute Counts, Catherine Muthoni, J. Mark Ansermino, William Macharia, Dustin T. Dunsmuir

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Respiratory rate is difficult to measure, especially in neonates who have an irregular breathing pattern. The World Health Organisation recommends a one-minute count, but there is limited data to support this length of observation. We sought to evaluate agreement between the respiratory rate (RR) derived from capnography in neonates, over 15 s, 30 s, 120 s and 300 s, against the recommended 60 s.

Methods: Neonates at two hospitals in Nairobi were recruited and had capnograph waveforms recorded using the Masimo Rad 97. A single high quality 5 min epoch was randomly chosen from each subject. For each selected …

Role Of Micrornas In Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma, Mehak Ismail Rajani, Yumna Mirza, Rohan Advani, Syed Muhammad Adnan Ali, Ather Enam

Centre for Innovation in Medical Education

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas account for 30% of anterior pituitary tumours. Based on their inability to secrete hormones, these are often diagnosed incidentally or due to pressure symptoms. Understanding the pathogenesis of these adenomas can provide insight into factors leading to its progression and serving as biomarkers for early recognition. A literature search was performed in the current narrative review for articles published in PubMed for the last 10 years till January 2020 on micro-ribonucleic acid involved in the pathogenesis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Of the 478 articles found, 21(4.4%) were filtered. In total, 106 micro-ribonucleic acids were identified, 25(23.5%) of …

Editorial: Neuroinflammatory Response And Brain-Peripheral Crosstalk After Stroke, Devin W Mcbride, Lei Huang, Qing-Wu Yang, Yujie Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Trauma-Informed Care Training For Medical Students, Tanisha Clark, Jill Mcleigh, Hilda Loria, Laura Lamminen

Integrated, Trauma-Informed Care

Due to the high prevalence of trauma and secondary trauma and the associated potential adverse health outcomes for both patients and providers, it is imperative that medical and allied professionals receive training in trauma as a constitutive element of their professional development. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of TIC, Ditcher and colleagues (2018) found in a survey of 263 family medicine residency programs that only 27.0% had TIC in the curriculum. Following a review of the literature and discussions with healthcare providers offering TIC in an integrated pediatric primary care setting, a brief, 45-minute online TIC training adapted …