Medical Specialties Commons^™

An Unexpected Cause Of Vaginal Hemorrhage, Adeola Kosoko, Mutinta Chisowa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Strategy For Generating Blinded Evidence For Single-Arm Trials With External Controls Using Expert Review Of Home Video, Bharti Manwani, Carson Finger, Lynda Lisabeth

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stroke risk and prevalence increase with advanced age and women tend to be older than men at the time of their first stroke. Advanced age in women confers unique stroke risks that are beyond reproductive factors. Previous reviews and guidelines have largely focused on risk factors specific to women, with a predominant focus on reproductive factors and, therefore, younger to middle-aged women. This review aims to specifically describe stroke risk factors in elderly women, the population of women where the majority of strokes occur, with a focus on atrial fibrillation, hormone therapy, psychosocial risk factors, and cognitive impairment. Our review …

Tp53-Altered Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated With Firstline Bruton’S Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Based Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis, Hua-Jay J Cherng, Raamis Khwaja, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Guilin Tang, Jan Burger, Philip Thompson, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Zeev Estrov, Koji Sasaki, Deepa Sampath, Xuemei Wang, Hagop Kantarjian, Michael Keating, William G Wierda, Nitin Jain

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Long-term follow up of prospective studies has shown that continuous Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy leads to durable remissions in previously untreated patients with TP53-altered chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); however, it is unknown how variant allele frequency (VAF) of TP53 mutation (TP53-m) or percentage of cells with deletion of chromosome 17p [del(17p)] influences efficacy of firstline BTKi. We performed a retrospective analysis of 130 patients with CLL with baseline del(17p) and/or TP53-m treated with BTKi with or without the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) and with or without CD20 antibody in the firstline setting. A total of 104/130 (80%) patients …

Racial And Ethnic Trends And Disparities In Nsclc, Kristin M Primm, Hui Zhao, Daphne C Hernandez, Shine Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Detailed evaluations of racial and ethnic trends and disparities in NSCLC outcomes are lacking, and it remains unclear whether recent advances in screening and targeted therapies for NSCLC have benefited all population groups equally.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18-registry data, we evaluated trends in overall and stage-specific NSCLC incidence (2007-2018) among patients aged 55 to 79 years by sex and race and ethnicity. Overall and stage-specific 2-year cause-specific survival rates were calculated by sex and race and ethnicity. Health Disparities software calculated absolute (difference) and relative (ratio) disparity measures comparing racial and ethnic groups with …

Pathways And Barriers To Careers In Academic Clinical Cancer Prevention: A Qualitative Study, Melissa Y Kok, Janelle C Chavez, Pompeyo R Quesada, Oluwapelumi T Adegoke, Shine Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

National surveys document steady declines over time in interest in academic medicine and cancer prevention careers (Am J Prev Med 54(3):444-8, 2018). Through interviews with 16 academic cancer prevention physicians at one comprehensive cancer center, this study identifies motivations and barriers to physician careers in academic cancer prevention and proposes recommendations to increase recruitment. Participants reported that cancer prevention was vague to them early in training, impairing career exploration. Further, without role models and opportunities to learn about cancer prevention, many were ignorant of career options. Many had incorrect views about cancer prevention practice being mainly within the scope of …

Spatial Charting Of Single-Cell Transcriptomes In Tissues, Runmin Wei, Siyuan He, Shanshan Bai, Emi Sei, Min Hu, Alastair Thompson, Ken Chen, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Nicholas E Navin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Single-cell RNA sequencing methods can profile the transcriptomes of single cells but cannot preserve spatial information. Conversely, spatial transcriptomics assays can profile spatial regions in tissue sections, but do not have single-cell resolution. Here, we developed a computational method called CellTrek that combines these two datasets to achieve single-cell spatial mapping through coembedding and metric learning approaches. We benchmarked CellTrek using simulation and in situ hybridization datasets, which demonstrated its accuracy and robustness. We then applied CellTrek to existing mouse brain and kidney datasets and showed that CellTrek can detect topological patterns of different cell types and cell states. We …

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Mapping Of Proliferation Centers Allows The Distinction Of Accelerated Phase From Large Cell Transformation In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Siba El Hussein, Pingjun Chen, L Jeffrey Medeiros, John D Hazle, Jia Wu, Joseph D Khoury

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) is characterized morphologically by numerous small lymphocytes and pale nodules composed of prolymphocytes and paraimmunoblasts known as proliferation centers (PCs). Patients with CLL can undergo transformation to a more aggressive lymphoma, most often diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), known as Richter transformation (RT). An accelerated phase of CLL (aCLL) also may be observed which correlates with subsequent transformation to DLBCL, and may represent an early stage of transformation. Distinguishing PCs in CLL from aCLL or RT can be diagnostically challenging, particularly in small needle biopsy specimens. Available guidelines pertaining to distinguishing CLL from its' …

Generation Of A Homozygous Knock-In Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Expressing Meos4b-Tagged Ctr1, Yi-Hung Chen, Pei-San Huang, Meng-Hsuan Wen, Manhua Pan, Dung-Fang Lee, Tai-Yen Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is the major membrane protein responsible for cellular copper (Cu) uptake and mediates cellular copper homeostasis. To elucidate CTR1's behavior using imaging approaches, we generated a homozygous knock-in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) clone expressing photoconvertible fluorescence protein mEos4b-tagged endogenous CTR1 using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homologous recombination. The engineered cells express functional CTR1-mEos4b fusion and have normal stem cell morphology. They remain pluripotent and can be differentiated into all three germ layers in vitro. This resource allows the study of CTR1 at an endogenous level in different cellular contexts using microscopy.

Phase Ii Study Of Durvalumab (Anti-Pd-L1) And Trametinib (Meki) In Microsatellite Stable (Mss) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc), Benny Johnson, Cara L Haymaker, Edwin R Parra, Luisa Maren Solis Soto, Xuemei Wang, Jane V Thomas, Arvind Dasari, Van K Morris, Kanwal Raghav, Eduardo Vilar, Bryan K Kee, Cathy Eng, Christine M Parseghian, Robert A Wolff, Younghee Lee, Daniele Lorenzini, Caddie Laberiano-Fernandez, Anuj Verma, Wenhua Lang, Ignacio I Wistuba, Andrew Futreal, Scott Kopetz, Michael J Overman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Monotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade is ineffective for patients (pts) with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study investigates whether the combination of trametinib (T) with durvalumab (D) can alter the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) by successfully priming and activating T-cells.

Methods: Open-label, single-center, phase II trial with primary endpoint of immune-related response rate for combination of T+D in refractory MSS mCRC pts (NCT03428126). T is 2 mg/day orally starting 1 week prior to D, which is given 1500 mg intravenously every 4 weeks. Simon 2-stage design used to enroll 29 pts into first stage, …

Plasma Metabolomics Analysis Of Aspirin Treatment And Risk Of Colorectal Adenomas, Elizabeth L Barry, Veronika Fedirko, Yutong Jin, Ken Liu, Leila A Mott, Janet L Peacock, Michael N Passarelli, John A Baron, Dean P Jones

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite substantial observational and experimental evidence that aspirin use can provide protection against the development of colorectal neoplasia, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved is inadequate and limits our ability to use this drug effectively and safely for chemoprevention. We employed an untargeted plasma metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectroscopy to explore novel metabolites that may contribute to the chemopreventive effects of aspirin. Associations between levels of metabolic features in plasma and aspirin treatment were investigated among 523 participants in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of two doses of aspirin (81 or 325 mg/day) and were …

Microbiome Dynamics During Chemoradiation Therapy For Anal Cancer, Daniel Lin, Molly B El Alam, Joseph Abi Jaoude, Ramez Kouzy, Jae L Phan, Jacob H Elnaggar, Brianna Resendiz, Andrea Y Delgado Medrano, Erica J Lynn, Nicholas D Nguyen, Sonal S Noticewala, Geena G Mathew, Emma B Holliday, Bruce D Minsky, Prajnan Das, Van K Morris, Cathy Eng, Melissa P Mezzari, Joseph F Petrosino, Nadim J Ajami, Ann H Klopp, Cullen M Taniguchi, Lauren E Colbert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) who experience treatment toxicity or recurrences have few therapeutic options. Investigation into the microbiome's influence on treatment toxicity and its potential use as a predictive biomarker could improve these patients' outcomes. Our study presents the first longitudinal characterization of the SCCA tumor microbiome and its associations with treatment-related toxicities.

Methods and materials: This prospective cohort study included patients with nonmetastatic SCCA receiving standard-of-care chemoradiation therapy. Anorectal swabs of the tumor site were collected before, during, and after treatment. Patient-reported quality-of-life metrics were collected at similar time points. 16S rRNA …

Acquired Hemophilia A: A Possibly Fatal Complication Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Hasan Fareed Siddiqui, Taymmia Ejaz, Aisha Fareed Siddiqui, Fahd Niaz Shaikh

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Mediating And Maintaining Methylation While Minimizing Mutation: Recent Advances On Mammalian Dna Methyltransferases, Xiaodong Cheng, Robert M Blumenthal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mammalian genomes are methylated on carbon-5 of many cytosines, mostly in CpG dinucleotides. Methylation patterns are maintained during mitosis via DNMT1, and regulatory factors involved in processes that include histone modifications. Methylation in a sequence longer than CpG can influence the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors, thus affecting gene expression. 5-Methylcytosine deamination results in C-to-T transition. While some mutations are beneficial, most are not; so boosting C-to-T transitions can be dangerous. Given the role of DNMT3A in establishing de novo DNA methylation during development, it is this CpG methylation and deamination that provide the major mutagenic impetus in the DNMT3A …

Assessing The Practicality Of Using A Single Knowledge-Based Planning Model For Multiple Linac Vendors, Raphael J Douglas, Adenike Olanrewaju, Lifei Zhang, Beth M Beadle, Laurence E Court

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Knowledge-based planning (KBP) has been shown to be an effective tool in quality control for intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning and generating high-quality plans. Previous studies have evaluated its ability to create consistent plans across institutions and between planners within the same institution as well as its use as teaching tool for inexperienced planners. This study evaluates whether planning quality is consistent when using a KBP model to plan across different treatment machines.

Materials and methods: This study used a RapidPlan model (Varian Medical Systems) provided by the vendor, to which we added additional planning objectives, maximum dose limits, …

Love And Fear: A Special Issue, C Sue Carter, Robert Dantzer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Love and fear were forged by the same fundamental evolutionary processes that permitted life on Earth. Both love and fear are deeply interwoven with the adaptive management of stress and disease. Love and fear share common roots and both can play a role in reproduction, survival, perceived safety and wellbeing. This special issue of Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology focuses specifically on the causes and consequences of love from the interactive perspectives of evolution, neurobiology and culture.

Clinical Activity Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Targeted Therapies In Patients With Non-V600 Braf-Mutant Tumors, Matthew Dankner, Yifan Wang, Rouhi Fazelzad, Benny Johnson, Caroline A Nebhan, Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack, Nathaniel J Myall, Georg Richtig, Jillian W P Bracht, Marco Gerlinger, Eiji Shinozaki, Takayuki Yoshino, Daisuke Kotani, Jason R Fangusaro, Oliver Gautschi, Julien Mazieres, Jeffrey A Sosman, Scott Kopetz, Vivek Subbiah, Michael A Davies, Anna L Groover, Ryan J Sullivan, Keith T Flaherty, Douglas B Johnson, Andrea Benedetti, David W Cescon, Anna Spreafico, George Zogopoulos, April A N Rose

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Non-V600 mutations comprise approximately 35% of all BRAF mutations in cancer. Many of these mutations have been identified as oncogenic drivers and can be classified into three classes according to molecular characteristics. Consensus treatment strategies for class 2 and 3 BRAF mutations have not yet been established.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with published reports of individual patients with cancer harboring class 2 or 3 BRAF mutations from 2010 to 2021, to assess treatment outcomes with US Food and Drug Administration-approved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway targeted therapy (MAPK TT) according to BRAF class, cancer type, …

Selinexor In Advanced, Metastatic Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Multinational, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Mrinal M Gounder, Albiruni Abdul Razak, Neeta Somaiah, Sant Chawla, Javier Martin-Broto, Giovanni Grignani, Scott M Schuetze, Bruno Vincenzi, Andrew J Wagner, Bartosz Chmielowski, Robin L Jones, Richard F Riedel, Silvia Stacchiotti, Elizabeth T Loggers, Kristen N Ganjoo, Axel Le Cesne, Antoine Italiano, Xavier Garcia Del Muro, Melissa Burgess, Sophie Piperno-Neumann, Christopher Ryan, Mary F Mulcahy, Charles Forscher, Nicolas Penel, Scott Okuno, Anthony Elias, Lee Hartner, Tony Philip, Thierry Alcindor, Bernd Kasper, Peter Reichardt, Lore Lapeire, Jean-Yves Blay, Christine Chevreau, Claudia Maria Valverde Morales, Gary K Schwartz, James L Chen, Hari Deshpande, Elizabeth J Davis, Garth Nicholas, Stefan Gröschel, Helen Hatcher, Florence Duffaud, Antonio Casado Herráez, Roberto Diaz Beveridge, Giuseppe Badalamenti, Mikael Eriksson, Christian Meyer, Margaret Von Mehren, Brian A Van Tine, Katharina Götze, Filomena Mazzeo, Alexander Yakobson, Aviad Zick, Alexander Lee, Anna Estival Gonzalez, Andrea Napolitano, Mark A Dickson, Dayana Michel, Changting Meng, Lingling Li, Jianjun Liu, Osnat Ben-Shahar, Dane R Van Domelen, Christopher J Walker, Hua Chang, Yosef Landesman, Jatin J Shah, Sharon Shacham, Michael G Kauffman, Steven Attia

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Antitumor activity in preclinical models and a phase I study of patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DD-LPS) was observed with selinexor. We evaluated the clinical benefit of selinexor in patients with previously treated DD-LPS whose sarcoma progressed on approved agents.

Methods: SEAL was a phase II-III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients age 12 years or older with advanced DD-LPS who had received two-five lines of therapy were randomly assigned (2:1) to selinexor (60 mg) or placebo twice weekly in 6-week cycles (crossover permitted). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Patients who received at least one dose of …

Regulation And Function Of Id2 In Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Rachel L Babcock, Yifan Zhou, Bhakti Patel, Taylor T Chrisikos, Laura M Kahn, Allison M Dyevoich, Yusra B Medik, Stephanie S Watowich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized type I interferon (IFN-I) producing cells that promote anti-viral immune responses and contribute to autoimmunity. Development of pDCs requires the transcriptional regulator E2-2 and is opposed by inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2). Prior work indicates Id2 is induced in pDCs upon maturation and may affect pDC IFN-I production via suppression of E2-2, suggesting an important yet uncharacterized role in this lineage. We found TLR7 agonists stimulate Id2 mRNA and protein expression in pDCs. We further show that transcriptional activation of Id2 is dependent on the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13, but independent of IFN-I …

Probing The Structure And Function Of Polymerase Θ Helicase-Like Domain, Scott Vanson, Yuzhen Li, Richard D Wood, Sylvie Doublié

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

DNA Polymerase θ is the key actuator of the recently identified double-strand break repair pathway, theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ). It is the only known polymerase to have a 3-domain architecture containing an independently functional family A DNA polymerase tethered by a long central region to an N-terminal helicase-like domain (HLD). Full-length polymerase θ and the isolated HLD hydrolyze ATP in the presence of DNA, but no processive DNA duplex unwinding has been observed. Based on sequence and structure conservation, the HLD is classified as a member of helicase superfamily II and, more specifically, the Ski2-like family. The specific subdomain composition …

Social Contributors For The Rise Of Covid-19 Infections In South Asia: A Large Cross-Sectional Survey, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Muzna Sarfraz, Nishwa Azeem, Namrata Hange, Miguel Felix, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in South Asia on 30th January 2020 in India. Ever since, certain countries have witnessed multiple waves of COVID-19, requiring attention by public health experts and strategists in the region. The objectives of this study are to assess social contributors to the recurrent waves of COVID-19 in South Asia including first demographic traits, second household characteristics and social measures, third workplace trends and personal protective equipment use, and fourth satisfaction and attitudes concerning public health measures and vaccination status. …

Retrospective Identification Of Infection In The Emergency Department: A Significant Challenge In Sepsis Clinical Trials, Catherine S. O'Neal, Diana Hamer, Mandi W. Musso, Terrell S. Caffery, Morgan K. Walker, Katherine W. Lavie, Matthew S. Berlinger, Christopher B. Thomas, Shannon M. Alwood, Tonya Jagneaux, Michael A. Sanchez, Hollis R. O'Neal

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: This study examined three methods for retrospectively identifying infection in emergency department (ED) patients: modified objective definitions of infection (MODI) from the CDC/NHSN, physician adjudication determination of infection, and ED treating physician behavior. Methods: This study used a subset of data from a prospective sepsis trial. We used Fleiss's Kappa to compare agreement between two physicians retrospectively adjudicating infection based on the patient's medical record, modified infection definition from the CDC/NHSN, and ED treating physician behavior. Results: Overall, there was similar agreement between physician adjudication of infection and MODI criteria (Kappa=0.59) compared to having two physicians independently identify infection …

Genome Sequencing In The Parkinson Disease Clinic, Emily J Hill, Laurie A Robak, Rami Al-Ouran, Jennifer Deger, Jamie C Fong, Paul Jerrod Vandeventer, Emily Schulman, Sindhu Rao, Hiba Saade, Joseph M Savitt, Rainer Von Coelln, Neeja Desai, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Sejal Salvi, Shannon Dugan-Perez, Donna M Muzny, Amy L Mcguire, Zhandong Liu, Richard A Gibbs, Chad Shaw, Joseph Jankovic, Lisa M Shulman, Joshua M Shulman

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Background and objectives: Genetic variants affect both Parkinson disease (PD) risk and manifestations. Although genetic information is of potential interest to patients and clinicians, genetic testing is rarely performed during routine PD clinical care. The goal of this study was to examine interest in comprehensive genetic testing among patients with PD and document reactions to possible findings from genome sequencing in 2 academic movement disorder clinics.

Methods: In 203 subjects with PD (age = 63 years, 67% male), genome sequencing was performed and filtered using a custom panel, including 49 genes associated with PD, parkinsonism, or related disorders, as well …

Integrated Multi-Omic Characterization Of Congenital Heart Disease, Matthew C Hill, Zachary A Kadow, Hali Long, Yuka Morikawa, Thomas J Martin, Emma J Birks, Kenneth S Campbell, Jeanne Nerbonne, Kory Lavine, Lalita Wadhwa, Jun Wang, Diwakar Turaga, Iki Adachi, James F Martin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The heart, the first organ to develop in the embryo, undergoes complex morphogenesis that when defective results in congenital heart disease (CHD). With current therapies, more than 90% of patients with CHD survive into adulthood, but many suffer premature death from heart failure and non-cardiac causes1. Here, to gain insight into this disease progression, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on 157,273 nuclei from control hearts and hearts from patients with CHD, including those with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and tetralogy of Fallot, two common forms of cyanotic CHD lesions, as well as dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. We …

A Retrospective Study For Prognostic Significance Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus And Hemoglobin A1c Levels In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Pembrolizumab, Yinchen Shen, Jiaqi Li, Huiping Qiang, Yuqiong Lei, Qing Chang, Runbo Zhong, Giulia Maria Stella, Francesco Gelsomino, Yeon Wook Kim, Afaf Abed, Jialin Qian, Tianqing Chu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common and recognized as a risk factor for developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while the prognostic evaluation is still controversial. As immunotherapy is widely used in clinical practice, its efficacy and survival should be investigated in patients with DM.

Methods:

We retrospectively recruited 266 locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC patients who received pembrolizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Patients' clinicopathological data, including age, history of DM, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), genetic tumor profiling, and survival data were collected. Associations between clinical characteristics and survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

In this …

Determinants Of Blood Acylcarnitine Concentrations In Healthy Individuals Of The European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer And Nutrition, Roland Wedekind, Joseph A. Rothwell, Vivian Viallon, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Julie A. Schmidt, Veronique Chajes, Vna Katzke, Theron Johnson, Maria Santucci De Magistris, Vittorio Krogh, Pilar Amiano, Carlotta Sacerdote, Daniel Redondo-Sánchez, José María Huerta, Anne Tjønneland, Pratik Pokharel, Paula Jakszyn, Rosario Tumino, Eva Ardanaz, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Anna Winkvist, Johan Hultdin, Matthias B. Schulze, Elisabete Weiderpass, Marc J. Gunter, Inge Huybrechts

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background & aims: Circulating levels of acylcarnitines (ACs) have been associated with the risk of various diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Diet and lifestyle factors have been shown to influence AC concentrations but a better understanding of their biological, lifestyle and metabolic determinants is needed. Methods: Circulating ACs were measured in blood by targeted (15 ACs) and untargeted metabolomics (50 ACs) in 7770 and 395 healthy participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), respectively. Associations with biological and lifestyle characteristics, dietary patterns, self-reported intake of individual foods, estimated intake of carnitine and fatty …

Surgical Stabilization Versus Nonoperative Treatment For Flail And Non-Flail Rib Fracture Patterns In Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury., Jonne T H Prins, Esther M M Van Lieshout, Francis Ali-Osman, Zachary M Bauman, Eva-Corina Caragounis, Jeff Choi, D Benjamin Christie, Peter A Cole, William B Devoe, Andrew R Doben, Evert A Eriksson, Joseph D Forrester, Douglas R Fraser, Brendan Gontarz, Claire Hardman, Daniel G Hyatt, Adam J Kaye, Huan-Jang Ko, Kiara N Leasia, Stuart Leon, Silvana F Marasco, Allison G Mcnickle, Timothy Nowack, Temi D Ogunleye, Prakash Priya, Aaron P Richman, Victoria Schlanser, Gregory R Semon, Ying-Hao Su, Michael H J Verhofstad, Julie Whitis, Fredric M Pieracci, Mathieu M E Wijffels

Trauma and Acute Care Articles

PURPOSE: Literature on outcomes after SSRF, stratified for rib fracture pattern is scarce in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 12). We hypothesized that SSRF is associated with improved outcomes as compared to nonoperative management without hampering neurological recovery in these patients.

METHODS: A post hoc subgroup analysis of the multicenter, retrospective CWIS-TBI study was performed in patients with TBI and stratified by having sustained a non-flail fracture pattern or flail chest between January 1, 2012 and July 31, 2019. The primary outcome was mechanical ventilation-free days and secondary outcomes were in-hospital outcomes. …

Sex-Specific Phenotypes In The Aging Mouse Heart And Consequences For Chronic Fibrosis, Aude Angelini, Jesus Ortiz-Urbina, Joann Trial, Anilkumar K Reddy, Anna Malovannaya, Antrix Jain, Mark L Entman, George E Taffet, Katarzyna A Cieslik

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The incidence of diastolic dysfunction increases with age in both humans and mice. This is characterized by increased passive stiffness and slower relaxation of the left ventricle. The stiffness arises at least partially from progressively increased interstitial collagen deposition because of highly secretory fibroblasts. In the past, we demonstrated that AMPK activation via the drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) in middle-aged mice reduced adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction. Therefore, as an attempt to normalize the fibroblast phenotype, we used 21-mo-old male and female mice and treated them with AICAR (0.166 mg/g body wt) where each mouse was followed in a functional …

Conventional And Advanced Mr Imaging Findings In A Cohort Of Pathology-Proven Dermoid Cysts Of The Pediatric Scalp And Skull, Bettina L Serrallach, Gunes Orman, M John Hicks, Nilesh Desai, Stephen Kralik, Thierry Agm Huisman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: In the pediatric population, dermoid cysts are among the most frequent lesions of the scalp and skull. Imaging plays a key role in characterizing scalp and skull lesions in order to narrow the differential diagnoses. In general, dermoids are described as heterogeneous T1-/T2-hypo- to hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.

METHODS: The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the diffusion weighted imaging findings while reviewing the conventional T1-/T2-/T1+C-weighted MR characteristics in a pathology-proven series of 14 dermoids of the pediatric scalp and skull.

RESULTS: In our pediatric cohort (eight boys, six girls, age range 3-95 months), half …

Gestational Age And Quintero Staging As Predictors Of Single Fetal Demise In Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome After Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ahmed A Nassr, Kamran Hessami, Jimmy Espinoza, Roopali Donepudi, Magdalena Sanz Cortes, Michael A Belfort, Alireza A Shamshirsaz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Single fetal demise after intervention for twin-twin transfusion syndrome is a relatively common complication and is often devastating for the patients.

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk of single fetal demise based on gestational age and Quintero staging at the time of interventions in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to August 2021. The primary outcome was to compare the incidence of fetal demise between low (I and II) and high (III and IV) twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Quintero stages. The rate …

Glucose Uptake By Glut1 In Photoreceptors Is Essential For Outer Segment Renewal And Rod Photoreceptor Survival, Lauren L. Daniele, John Y.S. Han, Ivy S Samuels, Ravikiran Komirisetty, Nikhil Mehta, Jessica L Mccord, Minzhong Yu, Yekai Wang, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Brent A Bell, Jianhai Du, Neal S Peachey, Nancy J. Philp

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Photoreceptors consume glucose supplied by the choriocapillaris to support phototransduction and outer segment (OS) renewal. Reduced glucose supply underlies photoreceptor cell death in inherited retinal degeneration and age-related retinal disease. We have previously shown that restricting glucose transport into the outer retina by conditional deletion of Slc2a1 encoding GLUT1 resulted in photoreceptor loss and impaired OS renewal. However, retinal neurons, glia, and the retinal pigment epithelium play specialized, synergistic roles in metabolite supply and exchange, and the cell-specific map of glucose uptake and utilization in the retina is incomplete. In these studies, we conditionally deleted Slc2a1 in a pan-retinal or …