Medical Specialties Commons^™

Letter From The Chief Of The Division Of Physical Therapy, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Nutrition Education For The Underserved Youth Within The Greater Twin Cities Area Through The Insports Foundation, Paige D. Deters, Allison Kaper, Maura Romanshek

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It has been examined that poor access to nutritious foods and limited opportunities for physical activity is prevalent among children from underserved families. These deficiencies contribute to increasing childhood obesity rates and emphasize the need for early interventions. Establishing nutritional literacy and understanding the importance of an active lifestyle in early childhood can lead to long-term health benefits and reduction in chronic disease later in life (HHS & USDA, 2015; Tsai et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011). The InSports Foundation serves as a comprehensive non-profit organization that addresses many of these issues by providing children from underserved families with …

Prevalence Of Mental Health Stigma Among Practicing Pas In Regard To Personal Experience And Patient Exposure, Bailey J. Hanson, Allison Hoy, Madeline Lieberson

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Stigmatizing attitudes can be destructive to both the emotional and physical wellbeing of individuals living with mental illness. In fact, individuals with a mental illness are more likely to be seen as responsible for their illness and more likely to be falsely accused of a violent crime (Rüsch, Angermeyer, & Corrigan, 2005). Current research on mental health stigma in healthcare has involved a variety of occupations, but published research has yet to examine stigma held by physician assistants (PAs). This research study attempted to answer the following question: What effect, if any, does personal experience with a family member, friend, …

Children's Mercy Annual Report 2019, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Cannabis Use And Association With Pain, Anxiety, And Depression Among Emergency Department Patients, John Detherage

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Introduction:

Cannabis use is increasing nationwide. Many states have legalized medical and recreational use of cannabis. This study was undertaken to identify any association between cannabis use and chronic pain among ED patients.

Methods:

This was a prospective survey study of Emergency Department (ED) patients at Miami Valley Hospital, a level 1 trauma center in Dayton, Ohio conducted during June – August 2018. The survey included data regarding the frequency of cannabis use, chronic pain, and current mental illness.

Results:

Three hundred and sixty patients participated in this study. The majority of respondents were white (55%) or African American (42%). …

Is This Rash Measles?, Sandy Hoar Dmsc(C), Pa-C

Medicine Faculty Posters and Presentations

Is This Rash Measles?

Sandy Hoar, DSMc(c), LSHTM, PA-C

[email protected]

A patient presents to a Maryland clinic complaining of a dry red, bleeding, crusting, painful, non-itchy rash which started on her right forearm, 3-1/2 days ago. It spread to the trunk, face and thighs. The patient is complaining of fatigue, bilateral eye and mastoid pain, frontal headache, sore scalp, and bone pain. She reported no exposure, or travel but does have contact with children. She had childhood measles and chickenpox. The patient had tried oral tetracycline. The patient had discrete, mostly papular lesions on the upper arms, trunk, face/neck, and …

Valve-In-Valve Trans Catheter Mitral Valve Replacement In A Patient With An In-Situ Valve And Tricuspid Ring, Joseph Krepp, Farzad Najam, Jonathan Reiner, K. Gage Parr

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Sensitivity Of Single Organ Versus Multiorgan Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Compared To Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography In Detecting Pulmonary Embolism In Adult Patients, Jessica Stangenes

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of venous thromboembolism and its diagnosis remains a challenge. The current gold standard to confirm diagnosis of PE is multi-row computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) but has limitations and alternative imaging modalities are being investigated. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been applied in the diagnostic process in PE but whether it can safely replace the gold standard is of question.

Methods: A literature review was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of single versus multiorgan point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) compared to CTPA in detecting PE in adult patients.

Discussion: Several prospective observational …

Antibiotic Resistance Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae In The United States And Latin American Countries: Contributing Factors And Potential Solutions, Brian Sherman

Theses and Graduate Projects

Antibiotics have been heralded as one of the greatest contributions to modern medicine.

While antibiotics have been documented throughout many parts of the world, it was the discovery of penicillin in 1928 that marked the modern era of medicine.1 An antibiotic is a natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic compound that interferes with the growth of, or results in the death of a microorganism, specifically bacteria.2 These medications are used to treat or prevent infection of humans or animals. With the advent of antibiotics, many infections that would cause significant morbidity and mortality were greatly reduced. The 1930s-1960s is regarded as the …

Opioid Agonist Therapy And Detoxification: Improving Outcomes For Fetuses Born To Addicted Mothers, Kao Lee

Theses and Graduate Projects

The use of opioids has increased significantly in the last decade. Concern for the undertreatment of pain emerged in the mid-1990s, prompting providers to treat pain as a fifth vital sign. The pharmaceutical industry marketed their products as having significantly less abuse potential than reality. Prescriptions for pain medications soared with prescription opioids leading the way. Prescription opioids became ubiquitous in medicine cabinets and reports of abuse rose. Casually administered, illicit sale, theft, and doctor shopping became more common as reports of overdose also rose. By 2010, the United States government was issuing strategies to combat the opioid crisis.

People …

An Evaluation Of Home-Based Primary Care (Hbpc): Impact On Cost And Outcomes And Patient Satisfaction In The United States And Abroad, Isaac Pierre

Theses and Graduate Projects

Over the past century, the role of medical home visits in patient care has undergone significant changes. Historically, physicians routinely delivered medical care to sick patients in their own homes. In 1930, for example, such calls represented 40% of physician-patient encounters. As healthcare providers developed an increasing reliance on technology and as payment models began to prioritize volumes and efficiency, the provision of health care shifted to hospitals and office-based settings. An analysis of house calls in 1972 found that the number of in-home visits amounted to a mere 5% of physician-patient encounters and these rates continued to decrease to …

Do Cognitive Stimulating Activities Help Prevent The Development Of Dementia In Seniors Living In Latin America?, Sarah Kane

Theses and Graduate Projects

Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms that alter a person’s intellectual functioning.1 It is caused by a variety of illnesses and can lead to memory impairment, decreased problem solving and decision making capacity, and diminished ability to perform everyday activites. It is estimated that approximately 50 million people worldwide currently have dementia and that number is expected to increase to 152 million by 2050. A majority of that increase can be attributed to the rise in those living with dementia in low- and middle-income countries. Latin America has the highest rates of dementia with a …

An Evaluation Of The Refugee Experience Of Liminality And The Impact Of Best Practice Models Of Care, Hanna Erickson

Theses and Graduate Projects

Globalization presents massive challenges for healthcare providers and the blend of language, expectation and cost creates increased risk for all patients. Refugees are among the most vulnerable of populations when overall health outcomes are measured and access to healthcare is analyzed.1 This is due to rapid modernization of health care systems and the fact that refugees are typically leaving a volatile place of origin and migrating to a wealthier, more stable country where different modalities are used to access care. Women of childbearing age comprise a huge portion of refugees and will be the population of focus examined here.

A …

Barriers To Sexual And Reproductive Health Care Access In Central America With A Focus On Modern Contraception, Maria Mccoshen

Theses and Graduate Projects

Reproductive health is an important indicator of overall population health and is a priority of international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The UN includes the right to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in their international covenant on rights stating, “...a woman’s reproductive option is considered a basic human right”. This paper will evaluate whether SRH, specifically modern contraceptive access, is met throughout areas of Central America, with a focus on the country of Costa Rica.

Maternal Health Interventions In Rural, Resource-Limited Countries, Katherine Tilton

Theses and Graduate Projects

Pregnant women are continuing to die at unacceptable rates around the globe. According to the World Health Organization, complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death and disability among reproductive age women in developing countries. Maternal mortality is often a reflection of a combination of causes: medical conditions while giving birth (ie. hemorrhage, eclampsia, and sepsis); other pre-existing medical conditions (ie. malaria, diabetes, HIV/AIDS); and socio-economic factors (ie. access to contraception, religious beliefs, and political agendas) that when combined, largely compromise health care, most often in the poor, rural and marginalized communities. Nearly all maternal deaths (99%) …

Interventions In Reducing Weight Bias In Healthcare Providers And Preservice Students, Nora Powers

Theses and Graduate Projects

Weight bias is harmful to patients and pervasive in healthcare providers and healthcare students. Effective interventions to reduce weight bias in healthcare providers and students are urgently needed and would improve patient care and patient outcomes. A literature review of current research on interventions to reduce weight bias in healthcare professionals and students was conducted to evaluate strategies for efficacy. Twenty articles investigating weight bias reducing interventions in healthcare providers and students were analyzed. Five primary strategies are currently used: self- reflection and awareness of one’s own bias; empathy building experiences; the influence and experiences of others; narratives of and …

Use Of Intraarticular Injections Of Platelet-Rich Plasma In The Treatment Of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review Article, Naveed Baloch, Obada Hasan, Zain Baig, Umme-E-Hani Abdullah, Mohammad Atif, Hiroshi Ohuchi

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common degenerative conditions affecting knee joint. As our understanding in the disease pathogenesis is evolving, so do the treatment modalities. One of the postulated mechanisms suggests the production of inflammatory cytokines secondary to repeated micro trauma than in turn lead to cartilage damage overtime. Cartilage being avascular structure has limited potential for repair. Based on this, recent studies have been focusing on stimulating cartilage-healing process by growth factors. This is where platelet-rich plasma comes in to light. Literature is showing promising results of platelet-rich plasma in treating knee osteoarthritis. In this review we have …

Does Surgical Approach Affect Outcome After Fixation Of Intra-Articular Fractures Of Distal Humerus?: Retrospective Cohort Study From A Level-1 Trauma Centre In A Metropolitan City, Muhammad Atif, Obada Hasan, Yasir Mohib, Rizwan Haroon Rashid, Pervaiz Hashmi

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Introduction: Fractures around the distal humerus fractures make up to 2% of all fractures. Complex intra-articular distal humerus fractures present as challenge to restore of painless, stable and mobile elbow joint. Surgical exposure to all critical structures is of paramount importance to achieve anatomic reduction. Conflict still persists regarding the choice of ideal approach. In this study we compare the effect of surgical approach triceps lifting vs olecranon osteotomy on the functional outcome after fixation of distal humerus fractures.
Methods: Non-funded, non-commercial, retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with closed distal humerus intra-articular fractures between 2010 and 2015 at …

Arthroscopic Removal Of Loose Bodies In Synovial Chondromatosis Of Shoulder Joint, Unusual Location Of Rare Disease: A Case Report And Literature Review, Hussain Wahab, Obada Hasan, Ahmed Habib, Naveed Baloch

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Introduction: Synovial chondromatosis is a benign mono-articular arthropathy affecting synovial joints. It mostly affects knee joint, followed by hip, elbow and wrist and is rarely reported for shoulder joint. The exact pathogenesis is not known. Usual symptoms are pain, difficulty in movement due to mechanical obstruction. The classic treatment is arthrotomy, removal of chondromatoid loose bodies and synovectomy. With recent advances arthroscopic removal of the chondromatoid loose bodies is a good option with relatively better post op rehabilitation and faster recovery.
Case presentation: 20 years old gentleman presented to clinic with history of pain in right shoulder for 2 years …

Follow-Up Bibliometric Analysis Of Neurosurgical Publications From Pakistan And Institutional Comparison With Other Countries Using H-Index And I-10 Index, Muhammad Waqas Saeed Baqai, Usman Tariq Siddique, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the neurosurgical research output of Pakistan and compare it with that of developed countries.
Methodology: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publically available databases for all neurosurgical publications from Pakistan. All indexed peer-reviewed publications from January 2009 to December 2014 where at least one author was affiliated with any neurosurgical departments in Pakistan and research was conducted in Pakistan were selected. Manual and electronic search was done using MeSH terms to search for articles from Pakistan. Articles were then categorized according to design, subspecialty, region, and year.
Results: Our search identified …

Predicting Adherence To Therapy In Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis Or Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Large Cross-Sectional Study., Josef S Smolen, Dafna Gladman, H Patrick Mcneil, Philip J Mease, Joachim Sieper, Maja Hojnik, Pascal Nurwakagari, John Weinman

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Objective: This analysis explored the association of treatment adherence with beliefs about medication, patient demographic and disease characteristics and medication types in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to develop adherence prediction models.

Methods: The population was a subset from ALIGN, a multicountry, cross-sectional, self-administered survey study in adult patients (n=7328) with six immune-mediated inflammatory diseases who were routinely receiving systemic therapy. Instruments included Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) and 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4

Results: A total of 3390 rheumatological patients were analysed (RA, n=1943; PsA, n=635; AS, n=812). Based on the strongest significant …

Erratum: Author Correction: Surgical Standards For Management Of The Axilla In Breast Cancer Clinical Trials With Pathological Complete Response Endpoint., Judy C Boughey, Michael D Alvarado, Rachael B Lancaster, W Fraser Symmans, Rita Mukhtar, Jasmine M Wong, Cheryl A Ewing, David A Potter, Todd M Tuttle, Tina J Hieken, Jodi M Carter, James W Jakub, Henry G Kaplan, Claire L Buchanan, Nora T Jaskowiak, Husain A Sattar, Jeffrey Mueller, Rita Nanda, Claudine J Isaacs, Paula R Pohlmann, Filipa Lynce, Eleni A Tousimis, Jay C Zeck, M Catherine Lee, Julie E Lang, Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia, Roshni Rao, Bret Taback, Constantine Goodellas, Margaret Chen, Kevin M Kalinsky, Hanina Hibshoosh, Brigid Killelea, Tara Sanft, Gillian L Hirst, Smita Asare, Jeffrey B Matthews, Jane Perlmutter, Laura J Esserman

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0074-6.].

High-Dose Ipilimumab And High-Dose Interleukin-2 For Patients With Advanced Melanoma., Ann W Silk, Howard L Kaufman, Brendan Curti, Janice M Mehnert, Kim Margolin, David Mcdermott, Joseph Clark, Jenna Newman, Praveen K Bommareddy, Lisa Denzin, Saltanat Najmi, Azra Haider, Weichung Shih, Michael P Kane, Andrew Zloza

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

High-dose ipilimumab (IPI) and high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) are approved agents for metastatic melanoma, but the efficacy and safety of the combination are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of combination high-dose IPI and high-dose IL-2 in patients with histologically confirmed advanced unresectable stage III and IV melanoma. This Phase II, multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial was conducted in nine patients enrolled between 12/2014 and 12/2015. Subjects were treated with high-dose IPI 10 mg/kg intravenous (IV) every 3 weeks for four doses starting at week 1 and high-dose IL-2 (600,000 IU/kg IV bolus every …

Becoming A Washington Firefighter, Connor Ridgeway

Undergraduate Honors Theses

For this project, under direction of Judy Beard and Matthew Martinson, I have created a manual to further assist individuals in the process of fulfilling dreams to become a firefighter. I have researched the vast number steps it takes to become a firefighter and provided helpful suggestions that will aid individuals throughout the process. Becoming a firefighter is a demanding process with physical abilities that need to be taken into consideration when going through the elaborate process. This project includes background information on structure firefighting, volunteer firefighting, wildland firefighting, emergency medical technicians, paramedics, and what the role of each of …

Using The Ketogenic Diet As An Adjuvant To Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review, Melanie L. Risola

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Evidence shows that a conventional western diet may contribute to the proliferation of cancer cells, affecting their prognosis. The aim of this review is to examine the efficacy and safety of using the ketogenic diet as an adjuvant to traditional cancer therapy. The systematic literature search was performed in October 2018 on two search engines: EBSCOhost (Medline, CINHAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Web of Science using the following key terms: ketogenic diet, high fat & low-carbohydrate diet, Atkins diet, cancer or neoplasms+. The search limitations …

The Effects Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 On Cx3cl1 Shedding And Axon Retraction, Lauren A. Dobrie

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to irreversible damage, and permanent paralysis inferior to the injury is common (Leibinger et al., 2013). Injury to the spinal cord occurs in two phases. In the first phase, components of the spinal cord are subject to mechanical trauma causing direct damage. In the second phase, damage spreads from the area of injury through molecular processes. Several studies have linked M1 "pro-inflammatory" macrophages to exacerbation of damage by inducing dieback of dystrophic axons, but not healthy axons, through direct cellular contact. Several studies have identified the presence of macrophage subtypes at specific time. A …

Proposed Biomedical Applications Of Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks As Drug Delivery Systems, Ariel Margaret Perry-Mills

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of highly crystalline nanoporous materials that self-assemble from inorganic metal oxide clusters and multitopic organic linkers. MOFs can be altered in terms of the types of metals and structures of organic linkers used, allowing for a high degree of customization and manipulation of the synergistic chemical or physical properties that arise from the precise coordination of their molecular components, including exceptionally large surface area and pore size. Zirconium-based MOFs, called UiOs in honor of their conception at the University of Oslo, also show remarkable chemical stability in both acidic and basic environments, making them …

Effects Of A Plant-Based Vegan Diet On The Risk Of Cancer: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Chelsie M. Silavent

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Cancer, an aggressive chronic disease, impacts the lives of millions of people every day. There are numerous proposed triggers related to the diagnosis and much remains to be learned about the causes. Associated with this disease's variability is the challenge to identify a single causative agent that lead to its prevention. Specific topics that need additional evidence relate to environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors in the development, treatment and, in some instances, even suppression of disease progression. Specifically, a diet that excludes animal-based products but consists of a variety of fruits and vegetables (i.e., plant-based vegan diet) is reported to …

Role Of Amyloid Precursor Protein In Neuroregeneration On An In Vitro Model In Alzheimer's Patient-Specific Cell Lines, Lina S. Bedoya Martinez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to neurodegeneration resulting in cognitive and physical impairments. AD is denoted by accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, known as tau, and extracellular plaques of the amyloid beta protein (Aβ). Aβ results from the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and gamma-secretases in the amyloidogenic pathway. Although, Aβ has been widely studied for neurodegeneration, the role of APP in both, the healthy and diseased conditions, has not yet been entirely understood. The function that APP has in neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, differentiation, and migration during adult neurogenesis has been previously studied. Additionally, …

Narcotic-Free, Over-The-Counter Pain Management After Wide-Awake Hand Surgery, Sraj Shafic

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Introduction: Prescribing opioids for postoperative pain has increased steadily, and hand surgery has been no exception. Current hand surgery literature does not describe the efficacy of pain self-management postoperatively. The purpose of this study is to describe our experience with over-the-counter (OTC), narcotic-free, postoperative pain management. Methods: We have done a retrospective chart review at an academic tertiary-care facility. Patients who underwent softtissue hand surgery in an office-based procedure room between January 1, 2018, and March 1, 2019, done using wide-awake local anesthesia only with no tourniquet were included. Results: Eighty-one continuous patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The …