Medical Specialties Commons^™

Bi-Specific And Tri-Specific Antibodies- The Next Big Thing In Solid Tumor Therapeutics, K. Runcie, D. R. Budman, V. John, N. Seetharamu

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

A Computerized Method For Measuring Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Yield In The Emergency Department: Validation Study., S. Richardson, P. Solomon, A. O'Connell, S. Khan, J. Gong, A. Makhnevich, G. Qiu, M. Zhang, T. Mcginn

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND:Use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the assessment of pulmonary embolism (PE) has markedly increased over the past two decades. While this technology has improved the accuracy of radiological testing for PE, CTPA also carries the risk of substantial iatrogenic harm. Each CTPA carries a 14% risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and a lifetime malignancy risk that can be as high as 2.76%. The appropriate use of CTPA can be estimated by monitoring the CTPA yield, the percentage of tests positive for PE. This is the first study to propose and validate a computerized method for measuring the CTPA …

Achromobacter Xylosoxidans/Denitrificans Bacteremia And Subsequent Fatal Escherichia Coli/Streptococcus Anginosus Pleural Empyema, S. Habib, N. Fuca, M. Azam, A. H. Siddiqui, K. Rajdev, M. Chalhoub

Journal Articles

© 2018 The Authors Achromobacter xylosoxidans, a gram-negative bacillus with low virulence has rarely been reported to cause clinically significant infections. We report an unusual case of MDR Achromobacter xylosoxidans/denitrificans bacteremia from a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and subsequent fatal pleural empyema due to MDR Escherichia coli and Streptococcus anginosus. A 44-year-old male presented to the hospital with chief complaints of chest tightness associated with a productive cough. He was found to have pleural empyema secondary to MDR E. coli and S. anginous. Three months prior to current presentation, he had a history of MDR A. xylosoxidans originating from …

Development And Validation Of A Scoring System To Predict Outcomes Of Vedolizumab Treatment In Patients With Crohn's Disease, P. S. Dulai, B. S. Boland, S. Singh, K. Chaudrey, J. L. Koliani-Pace, G. Kochhar, M. P. Parikh, K. Sultan, A. Swaminath, C. Cao, +26 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies An Acute Myeloid Leukemia Susceptibility Locus Near Bicra, C. J. Walker, C. C. Oakes, L. K. Genutis, B. Giacopelli, S. Liyanarachchi, D. Nicolet, A. K. Eisfeld, M. Scholz, J. E. Kolitz, C. D. Bloomfield, +12 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Improvement In Parameters Of Hematologic And Immunologic Function And Patient Well-Being In The Phase Iii Resonate Study Of Ibrutinib Versus Ofatumumab In Patients With Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma., J. C. Barrientos, S. O'Brien, J. R. Brown, N. E. Kay, N. M. Reddy, S. Coutre, C. Tam, S. Mulligan, U. Jaeger, P. Hillmen, +18 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Ibrutinib compared with ofatumumab significantly improves progression-free and overall survival in patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Measures of well-being were assessed in RESONATE, where previously treated patients with CLL/SLL were randomized to receive ibrutinib 420 mg/day (n = 195) or ofatumumab (n = 196) for up to 24 weeks. Endpoints included hematologic function, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), disease-related symptoms, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and medical resource utilization.

RESULTS: With up to 24 months' follow-up (median, 16.4 …

Baseline Characteristics Of The Vitamin D And Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study: A Contemporary Prediabetes Cohort That Will Inform Diabetes Prevention Efforts, E. S. Leblanc, R. E. Pratley, B. Dawson-Hughes, M. A. Staten, P. R. Sheehan, M. R. Lewis, A. Peters, S. H. Kim, E. P. Liao, A. G. Pittas, +16 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 by the American Diabetes Association. OBJECTIVE: To describe baseline characteristics of the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study, the first large U.S. diabetes prevention clinical trial to apply current American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for prediabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a multicenter (n = 22 sites), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, primary prevention clinical trial testing effects of oral daily 4,000 IU cholecalciferol (D3) compared with placebo on incident diabetes in U.S. adults at risk for diabetes. Eligible participants were at risk for diabetes, defined as not meeting criteria for diabetes but meeting at least two 2010 …

Postthrombotic Syndrome In Patients Treated With Rivaroxaban Or Warfarin For Venous Thromboembolism., C. I. Coleman, J. Beyer-Westendorf, T. J. Bunz, C. E. Mahan, A. C. Spyropoulos

Journal Articles

Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent complication of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Using MarketScan claims data from January 2012 to June 2015, we identified adults with a primary diagnosis code for VTE during a hospitalization/emergency department visit, ≥6 months of insurance coverage prior to the index event and newly started on rivaroxaban or warfarin within 30 days of the index VTE. Patients with

Somatic Mutations And Clonal Hematopoiesis In Congenital Neutropenia, J. Xia, C. A. Miller, J. Baty, A. Ramesh, M. R. Jotte, R. S. Fulton, T. P. Vogel, M. A. Cooper, A. Vlachos, D. C. Link, +11 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 by The American Society of Hematology. Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) are congenital neutropenia syndromes with a high rate of leukemic transformation. Hematopoietic stressors may contribute to leukemic transformation by increasing the mutation rate in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and/or by promoting clonal hematopoiesis. We sequenced the exome of individual hematopoietic colonies derived from 13 patients with congenital neutropenia to measure total mutation burden and performed error-corrected sequencing on a panel of 46 genes on 80 patients with congenital neutropenia to assess for clonal hematopoiesis. An average of 3.6 ± 1.2 somatic mutations per exome …

High Levels Of Dek Autoantibodies In Sera Of Patients With Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis And With Early Disease Flares Following Cessation Of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy, N. Mor-Vaknin, M. Rivas, M. Legendre, S. Mohan, Y. Yuanfan, T. Mau, A. Johnson, B. Huang, B. S. Gottlieb, D. M. Markovitz, +17 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2017 The Authors. Arthritis & Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American College of Rheumatology. Objective: The nuclear oncoprotein DEK is an autoantigen associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), especially the oligoarticular subtype. DEK is a secreted chemotactic factor. Abundant levels of DEK and DEK autoantibodies are found in inflamed synovium in JIA. We undertook this study to further characterize the nature of DEK autoantibodies in screening serum samples from 2 different cohorts that consisted mostly of patients with JIA. Methods: DEK autoantibody levels were analyzed in sera from 33 JIA patients, 13 patients with other …

Long Ncrna Landscape In The Ileum Of Treatment-Naive Early-Onset Crohn Disease., Y. Haberman, M. Benshoshan, A. Di Segni, P. J. Dexheimer, T. Braun, B. Weiss, T. D. Walters, R. N. Baldassano, J. Markowitz, L. A. Denson, +27 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are key regulators of gene transcription and many show tissue-specific expression. We previously defined a novel inflammatory and metabolic ileal gene signature in treatment-naive pediatric Crohn disease (CD). We now extend our analyses to include potential regulatory lncRNA.Using RNAseq, we systematically profiled lncRNAs and protein-coding gene expression in 177 ileal biopsies. Co-expression analysis was used to identify functions and tissue-specific expression. RNA in situ hybridization was used to validate expression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to test lncRNA regulation by IL-1β in Caco-2 enterocytes.We characterize widespread dysregulation of 459 lncRNAs in the ileum of CD …

Association Of Early Postresuscitation Hypotension With Survival To Discharge After Targeted Temperature Management For Pediatric Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Clinical Trial, A. A. Topjian, F. W. Moler, R. Telford, R. Holubkov, V. M. Nadkarni, R. A. Berg, J. M. Dean, K. L. Meert, C. L. Schleien, B. Browning, +34 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. IMPORTANCE Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurs in more than 6000 children each year in the United States, with survival rates of less than 10% and severe neurologic morbidity in many survivors. Post-cardiac arrest hypotension can occur, but its frequency and association with survival have not been well described duringtargeted temperature management. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hypotension is associated with survival to discharge in children and adolescents after resuscitation from OHCA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This post hoc secondary analysis of the Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) trial included 292 pediatric …

The New Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (Mules): A Test Of Rapid Picture Naming For Concussion Sized For The Sidelines, O. Akhand, M. S. Galetta, L. Cobbs, L. Hasanaj, N. Webb, J. Drattell, P. Amorapanth, J. R. Rizzo, A. Silverio, L. J. Balcer, +6 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 Objective: Measures of rapid automatized naming (RAN) have been used for over 50 years to capture vision-based aspects of cognition. The Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) is a test of rapid picture naming under investigation for detection of concussion and other neurological disorders. MULES was designed as a series of 54 grouped color photographs (fruits, random objects, animals) that integrates saccades, color perception and contextual object identification. Recent changes to the MULES test have been made to improve ease of use on the athletic sidelines. Originally an 11 × 17-inch single-sided paper, the test has been reduced …

Effects Of Soybean Lipid Infusion On Triglyceride And Unbound Free Fatty Acid Levels In Preterm Infants, T. Hegyi, A. Kleinfeld, A. Huber, B. Weinberger, N. Memon, W. Joe Shih, M. Carayannopoulos, W. Oh

Journal Articles

© 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Objective: To determine the plasma triglyceride (TG) and unbound free fatty acid (FFAu) levels in infants treated with increasing dosages of soybean lipid, intralipid (IL), infusion. Study design: TG and FFAu levels were measured in 78 preterm infants (BW 500–2000 g; GA 23–34 weeks) using the fluorescent probe ADIFAB2 and enzymatic method. Results: The infants’ BW was 1266.2 ± 440.7 g and GA 28.8 ± 3.1 weeks. TG levels were 77.4 ± 50 mg/dL, 140.2 ± 188 mg/dL (p < .04 compared to levels during low dose IL infusion) and 135.6 ± 118 mg/dL (p < .004), respectively during increased IL rates. FFAu levels were 17.7 ± 13 nM, 47.3 ± 102.8 nM (p = .07) and 98 ± 234 nM (p = .03). TG levels correlated with IL dose, the rate of IL administration, and FFAu levels. TG and FFAu levels were higher in infants below 28 weeks’ gestation Conclusions: Increasing dosage of IL is associated with increasing levels of TG and FFAu, especially in infants below 29 weeks of gestation. The increased level of FFAu suggests inefficient cellular utilization.

New-Onset Isolated Asymptomatic Papilledema In Two Patients Treated With Recombinant Growth Hormone, L. A. Kanner, J. Klein, M. Gaffar, H. Pomeranz, G. Frank

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Interindividual Regulation Of The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein/Abcg2 Transporter In Term Human Placentas, K. M. Bircsak, J. E. Moscovitz, X. Wen, F. Archer, P. Y. Yuen, M. Mohammed, N. Memon, B. I. Weinberger, L. M. Saba, L. M. Aleksunes, +1 Additional Author

Journal Articles

© 2018 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a maternally-facing efflux transporter that regulates the placental disposition of chemicals. Transcription factors and gene variants are important regulatory factors that influence transporter expression. In this study, we sought to identify the genetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying the interindividual expression of BCRP mRNA and protein across 137 term placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies. Placental expression of BCRP and regulatory transcription factor mRNAs was measured using multiplex-branched DNA analysis. BCRP expression and ABCG2 genotypes were determined using Western blot and Fluidigm Biomark genetic analysis, …

Serologic Reactivity Reflects Clinical Expression Of Ulcerative Colitis In Children, E. A. Spencer, S. M. Davis, D. R. Mack, B. M. Boyle, A. M. Griffiths, N. S. Leleiko, C. G. Sauer, D. J. Keljo, J. F. Markowitz, M. C. Dubinsky, +26 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 Crohn's & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Background In contrast to pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), little is known in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) about the relationship between disease phenotype and serologic reactivity to microbial and other antigens. Aim The aim of this study was to examine disease phenotype and serology in a well-characterized inception cohort of children newly diagnosed with UC during the PROTECT Study (Predicting Response to Standardized Pediatric Colitis Therapy). Methods Patients were recruited from 29 participating centers. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and serologic (pANCA, ASCA IgA/IgG, Anti-CBir1, and Anti-OmpC) data were …

Vaginal Discharge In A Pre-Pubertal Girl Posing A Diagnostic Challenge., S. Ganguli, Q. Liu, A. Tsoumpariotis, S. Rapaport, E. Fakioglu

Journal Articles

Vaginal discharge in prepubescent girls is not an uncommon problem in pediatric outpatient practice. Among its various etiologies, foreign body lodgement is quite frequent in this age group. Diagnosis is sometimes forthcoming after history and physical exam, and the removal of the foreign object is followed by a prompt resolution of symptoms. However, in rare circumstances, an intravaginal foreign body may mimic other pathologies, including infections and neoplasms, as well as raising suspicion for child abuse. In such cases, diagnosis may remain unclear even after laboratory tests and imaging studies. We describe a seven-year-old girl with vaginal discharge, who needed …

Exome Chip Analyses Identify Genes Affecting Mortality After Hla-Matched Unrelated-Donor Blood And Marrow Transplantation, Q. Zhu, L. Yan, Q. Liu, C. Zhang, L. Wei, Q. Hu, L. Preus, A. I. Clay-Gilmour, K. Onel, L. E. Sucheston-Campbell, +10 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 by The American Society of Hematology Although survival outcomes have significantly improved, up to 40% of patients die within 1 year of HLA-matched unrelated-donor blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). To identify non-HLA genetic contributors to mortality after BMT, we performed the first exome-wide association study in the DISCOVeRY-BMT cohorts using the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip. This study includes 2473 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome and 2221 10/10 HLA-matched donors treated from 2000 to 2011. Single-variant and gene-level analyses were performed on overall survival (OS), transplantation-related mortality (TRM), and disease-related mortality (DRM). Genotype mismatches …

A 6-Month, Multicenter, Open-Label Study Of Fixed Dose Naproxen/Esomeprazole In Adolescent Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, D. J. Lovell, J. A. Dare, M. Francis-Sedlak, J. Ball, B. D. Lamoreaux, E. Von Scheven, A. Reinhardt, R. Jerath, B. Gottlieb, R. J. Holt, +6 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an inflammatory arthritis of unknown etiology, which lasts for greater than 6 weeks with onset before 16 years of age. JIA is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. NSAIDs have been the mainstay of initial management with naproxen (NAP) being commonly used, but they may cause serious side effects such as gastric ulcers which can be reduced by concomitant administration of proton pump inhibitors, such as esomeprazole (ESO). Methods: Primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 3 fixed doses of NAP/ESO in JIA patients aged …

Design And Preliminary Validation Of A Mobile Application-Based Expert System To Facilitate Repair Of Medical Equipment In Resource-Limited Health Settings, A. L. Wong, K. M. Lacob, M. G. Wilson, S. M. Zwolski, S. Acharya

Journal Articles

© 2018 Wong et al. Background: One of the greatest barriers to safe surgery is the availability of functional biomedical equipment. Biomedical technicians play a major role in ensuring that equipment is functional. Following in-field observations and an online survey, a mobile application was developed to aid technicians in troubleshooting biomedical equipment. It was hypothesized that this application could be used to aid technicians in equipment repair, as modeled by repair of a pulse oximeter. Methods: To identify specific barriers to equipment repair and maintenance for biomedical technicians, an online survey was conducted to determine current practices and challenges. These …

Free And Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Associated With Disease Activity In Pediatric Patients With Newly Diagnosed Treatment Naive Ulcerative Colitis, C. G. Sauer, M. S. Loop, S. Venkateswaran, V. Tangpricha, T. R. Ziegler, A. Dhawan, C. Mccall, E. Bonkowski, J. Markowitz, L. A. Denson, +16 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 Crohn's & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Background Vitamin D regulates intestinal epithelial and immune functions, and vitamin D receptor deficiency increases the severity of murine colitis. Bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is available to target tissues and may be a driver of immune function. The aim is to evaluate the relationship of bioavailable 25(OH)D to the clinical expression of treatment naive pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The PROTECT (Predicting Response to Standardized Pediatric Colitis Therapy) study enrolled children ≤17 years newly diagnosed with UC. Free and total 25(OH)D were directly measured and 25(OH)D …

Risk, Timing, And Predictors Of Disease Flare After Discontinuation Of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy In Children With Polyarticular Forms Of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis With Clinically Inactive Disease, D. J. Lovell, A. L. Johnson, B. Huang, B. S. Gottlieb, P. W. Morris, Y. Kimura, K. Onel, S. C. Li, B. A. Eberhard, E. H. Giannini, +34 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018, American College of Rheumatology Objective: To determine the frequency, time to flare, and predictors of disease flare upon withdrawal of anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in children with polyarticular forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who demonstrated ≥6 months of continuous clinically inactive disease. Methods: In 16 centers 137 patients with clinically inactive JIA who were receiving anti-TNF therapy (42% of whom were also receiving methotrexate [MTX]) were prospectively followed up. If the disease remained clinically inactive for the initial 6 months of the study, anti-TNF was stopped and patients were assessed for flare at 1, 2, 3, …

Blood-Induced Bone Loss In Murine Hemophilic Arthropathy Is Prevented By Blocking The Irhom2/Adam17/Tnf-A Pathway, C. Haxaire, N. Hakobyan, T. Pannellini, C. Carballo, D. Mcilwain, T. W. Mak, S. Rodeo, S. Acharya, D. Li, C. P. Blobel, +5 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 by The American Society of Hematology. Hemophilic arthropathy (HA) is a debilitating degenerative joint disease that is a major manifestation of the bleeding disorder hemophilia A. HA typically begins with hemophilic synovitis that resembles inflammatory arthritides, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and frequently results in bone loss in patients. A major cause of rheumatoid arthritis is inappropriate release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) by the TNF-a convertase (TACE; also referred to as ADAM17) and its regulator, iRhom2. Therefore, we hypothesized that iRhom2/ADAM17-dependent shedding of TNF-a also has a pivotal role in mediating HA. Here, we show …

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Mif) In The Development And Progression Of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension., M. Ahmed, E. Miller

Journal Articles

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been described as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and regulator of neuro-endocrine function. It plays an important upstream role in the inflammatory cascade by promoting the release of other inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, ultimately triggering a chronic inflammatory immune response. As lungs can synthesize and release MIF, many studies have investigated the potential role of MIF as a biomarker in assessment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and using anti-MIFs as a new therapeutic modality for PAH.

Microbiota-Sensitive Epigenetic Signature Predicts Inflammation In Crohn's Disease., D. Kelly, M. Kotliar, V. Woo, S. Jagannathan, J. Whitt, J. Moncivaiz, B. J. Aronow, M. C. Dubinsky, J. F. Markowitz, T. Alenghat, +12 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Altered response to the intestinal microbiota strongly associates with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, how commensal microbial cues are integrated by the host during the pathogenesis of IBD is not understood. Epigenetics represents a potential mechanism that could enable intestinal microbes to modulate transcriptional output during the development of IBD. Here, we reveal a histone methylation signature of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from the terminal ilea of newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients. Genes characterized by significant alterations in histone H3-lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) showed differential enrichment in pathways involving immunoregulation, cell survival and signaling, and metabolism. Interestingly, a large subset …

Expanding The Clinical And Molecular Findings In Rasa1 Capillary Malformation-Arteriovenous Malformation, W. L. Wooderchak-Donahue, P. Johnson, J. Mcdonald, F. Blei, A. Berenstein, M. Sorscher, J. Mayer, A. E. Scheuerle, T. Lewis, P. Bayrak-Toydemir, +5 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Correction To: Minimum Quality Threshold In Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (Mqtipss): An International Expert Consensus Initiative For Improvement Of Animal Modeling In Sepsis (Infection, (2018), 10.1007/S15010-018-1183-8), M. F. Osuchowski, A. Ayala, S. Bahrami, M. Bauer, M. Boros, J. M. Cavaillon, I. H. Chaudry, C. Deutschman, P. Wang, B. Zingarelli, +21 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018, The Author(s). The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes.

Translational Research: The Model Matters, C. S. Deutschman

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

An Eqtl Landscape Of Kidney Tissue In Human Nephrotic Syndrome, C. E. Gillies, R. Putler, R. Menon, E. Otto, K. Yasutake, V. Nair, P. Hoover, D. Lieb, C. Sethna, K. Abbott, +89 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 American Society of Human Genetics Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies illuminate the genetics of gene expression and, in disease research, can be particularly illuminating when using the tissues directly impacted by the condition. In nephrology, there is a paucity of eQTL studies of human kidney. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and microdissected glomerular (GLOM) and tubulointerstitial (TI) transcriptomes from 187 individuals with nephrotic syndrome (NS) to describe the eQTL landscape in these functionally distinct kidney structures. Using MatrixEQTL, we performed cis-eQTL analysis on GLOM (n = 136) and TI (n = 166). We used the Bayesian …