Medical Specialties Commons^™

Congenital Abnormalities Of The Lower Airway And Lungs, Christopher M. Oermann

Presentations

Goals and Objectives. Participants will be able to: Describe the 5 stages of fetal lung development. Summarize the prenatal identification and management of congenital abnormalities of the lower airways and lung (CALA). Explain the classification of CALAL. Compare the clinical characteristic, pathology and management of common CALAL. Discuss the long term prognosis of CALAL.

Quality Of Life Associated With Physical Activity But Not Sedentary Time In Youth, K. Kattelmann, E. Hofer, C. Merfeld, J. Meendering, M. Olfert, J. White, S. Colby, R. Meade, L. Franzen-Castle, T. Aquirre, D. Matthews, A. White

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose: It has been reported that youth who engaged in more screen time had lower quality of life scores compared to those that were more physically active. Furthermore, increased sedentary behavior increases health risks particularly the risk for obesity. A cross-sectional analysis was completed to examine the relationship between healthrelated quality-of-life (HRQOL) and accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) in 9-10-yearold youth who were recruited for the family-based, childhood obesity intervention, iCook 4-H. It was hypothesized that objectively measured ST would be negatively correlated and PA would be positively correlated with HRQOL.
Methods: A subset of participants (n=118) …

The Effects Of An 8 Vs. 16 Week Yoga Practice On Balance, Strength, Flexibility, And Mindfulness In Children Ages 4-10 Years: A Pilot Study, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, Samantha Brown, Katherine Chu, Kelly Clancy, Jordan Mcmillan, Lesley Park, Kari Shank, Safiyeh Shalash

University of Dayton Doctor of Physical Therapy Annual Research Symposium

Yoga has been shown to have positive benefits in: Improving cardiovascular, neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and pulmonary function in ages 0-21 years and improving mindfulness to manage pain and anxiety in adults. There is limited evidence regarding the use of yoga to improve balance, strength, flexibility, and mindfulness in children ages 4-10 years.

Development And Validation Of A 28-Gene Hypoxia-Related Prognostic Signature For Localized Prostate Cancer., Lingjian Yang, Darren Roberts, Mandeep Takhar, Nicholas Erho, Becky A.S. Bibby, Niluja Thiruthaneeswaran, Vinayak Bhandari, Wei-Chen Cheng, Syed Haider, Amy M.B. Mccorry, Darragh Mcart, Suneil Jain, Mohammed Alshalalfa, Ashley Ross, Edward Schaffer, Robert Den, R. Jeffrey Karnes, Eric Klein, Peter J. Hoskin, Stephen J. Freedland, Alastair D. Lamb, David E. Neal, Francesca M. Buffa, Robert G. Bristow, Paul C. Boutros, Elai Davicioni, Ananya Choudhury, Catharine M.L. West

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is associated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer. This work aimed to derive and validate a hypoxia-related mRNA signature for localized prostate cancer.

METHOD: Hypoxia genes were identified in vitro via RNA-sequencing and combined with in vivo gene co-expression analysis to generate a signature. The signature was independently validated in eleven prostate cancer cohorts and a bladder cancer phase III randomized trial of radiotherapy alone or with carbogen and nicotinamide (CON).

RESULTS: A 28-gene signature was derived. Patients with high signature scores had poorer biochemical recurrence free survivals in six of eight independent cohorts of prostatectomy-treated patients …

Lumbar Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Renal Biopsy., Basit Salam, Kumail Khandwala

Department of Radiology

Lumbar artery pseudoaneurysms have previously been described as rare iatrogenic complications following percutaneous interventional procedures involving the flanks. We describe a case of a 71-year-old man who became unstable and dropped 3 grams of hemoglobin within 24 hours following renal biopsy. A post-biopsy hemorrhage was suspected, and a pseudoaneurysm of his second right lumbar (L2) artery was found on computed tomography angiogram (CTA). Successful coil embolization was performed in the right L2 artery. This case discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this unusual complication as well as the anatomical and technical factors involved in the embolization of the lumbar …

Immediate Postoperative Pain Scores Predict Neck Pain Profile Up To 1 Year Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy And Fusion, Owoicho Adogwa, Aladine A. Elsamadicy, Victoria D. Vuong, Ankit I. Mehta, Raul A. Vasquez, Joseph Cheng, Carlos A. Bagley, Isaac O. Karikari

Neurosurgery Faculty Publications

Study Design: Retrospective cohort review.

Objective: To assess whether immediate postoperative neck pain scores accurately predict 12-month visual analog scale-neck pain (VAS-NP) outcomes following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion surgery (ACDF).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 82 patients undergoing elective ACDF surgery at a major academic medical center. Patient reported outcomes measures VAS-NP scores were recorded on the first postoperative day, then at 6-weeks, 3, 6, and 12-months after surgery. Multivariate correlation and logistic regression methods were utilized to determine whether immediate postoperative VAS-NP score accurately predicted 1-year patient reported VAS-NP Scores.

Results: Overall, 46.3% male, 25.6% were …

Caesarean Section Rate Amongst Obstetricians At A Tertiary-Care Hospital Of Karachi, Iffat Ahmed, Dureshahwar Kanwar, Munazza Akhtar, Azra Amerjee

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To analyze the Caesarean Section (CS) rate among different groups of consultants dealing with Nulliparous Term Singleton pregnancy with Vertex (NTSV) presentation delivering at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi over four months.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a retrospective data that analyzed factors affecting the CS-rate of NTSV patients. Patients with CS (n=106) were taken as cases and vaginal deliveries (n=106) as controls. This was an unmatched retrospective case-control study.
Results: Mean age of patients was 26.6(SD: 4.2) years. Mean gestational-age was 38.6(SD: 1.0) weeks. Likelihood of CS was slightly less in patients who were attended …

Patient Attitudes To Ward Genetic Testing For Inherited Predispositions To Hematologic Malignancies, Taylor Beecroft

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Although inherited predispositions to hematologic malignancies have previously been considered extremely rare, approximately 12 causative genes have been implicated in the last decade. Since individuals diagnosed with leukemia have not historically been considered for evaluation of inherited predispositions, genetic testing is underperformed in this population. This study used focus group discussions to explore the attitudes, motivations, and barriers to genetic testing for 23 patients with leukemia. Participants generally exhibited a positive regard for the utility of genetic testing, and were primarily motivated by concern for their family and a sense of altruism toward all leukemia patients. While drawbacks and barriers …

A Cross-Training Program Does Not Alter Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels In Elementary School Children, Melody L. White, Matthew S. Renfrow, Richards S. Farley, Dana K. Fuller, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Jennifer L. Caputo

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a school-based cross-training program on body mass index (BMI), attitudes toward physical activity (ATPA), and physical activity (PA) levels of children in the 4^th and 5^th grades. Children (N = 118) were divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 58) groups based on class availability. While the control group continued academic classes as usual, the experimental group participated in cross-training involving resistance training (RT), calisthenics, and stretching twice a week for 10 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention measures included height, mass, ATPA, and PA. BMI …

Predicting Risk Of Hospitalisation: A Retrospective Population-Based Analysis In A Paediatric Population In Emilia-Romagna, Italy., Daniel Z. Louis, Clara A. Callahan, Mary Robeson, Mengdan Liu, Jacquelyn Mcrae, Joseph S. Gonnella, Marco Lombardi, Vittorio Maio

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Develop predictive models for a paediatric population that provide information for paediatricians and health authorities to identify children at risk of hospitalisation for conditions that may be impacted through improved patient care.

DESIGN: Retrospective healthcare utilisation analysis with multivariable logistic regression models.

DATA: Demographic information linked with utilisation of health services in the years 2006-2014 was used to predict risk of hospitalisation or death in 2015 using a longitudinal administrative database of 527 458 children aged 1-13 years residing in the Regione Emilia-Romagna (RER), Italy, in 2014.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Models designed to predict risk of hospitalisation or death in …

Intestinal Permeability And Microbial Dysbiosis In Acute Coronary Syndrome (Miacs Study), Tarik Z. Alhmoud

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome and obesity are major risk factors for atherosclerosis and ACS. Dysbiosis plays an important role in metabolic syndrome and obesity. Studies show a markedly increased risk of heart attacks in patients with high levels of the pro-atherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO). TMAO is produced by the intestinal microbial flora through metabolism of dietary phospholipids; Gram-negative bacteria (Phylum Proteobacteria) is the major source of TMAO metabolism. Patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome have a defective intestinal tight-junctional (TJ) barrier, which allows paracellular permeation of luminal antigens such …

A New Surgical Approach For O-C2 Fusion, Solving The Problem Of Dysphagia., M. Kathryn Mcclure

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The fusion of the second cervical vertebrae to the occipital bone (O-C2 fusion) for head stabilization can result in postoperative dysphagia and dyspnea, negatively impacting the patient’s quality of life. Currently, the O-C2 angle is used for head placement, which may not place the head neutrally. We hypothesize that aligning the external auditory meatus with midline of the C2 will reduce oropharyngeal stenosis, reducing dysphagia. One male patient with poor swallow quality of life who required a revision of a previous O-C2 surgery was evaluated via videofluoroscopy and completed the standard swallow quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) before and after …

Designing Interactive Virtual Environments With Feedback In Health Applications., Yi Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the most important factors to influence user experience in human-computer interaction is the user emotional reaction. Interactive environments including serious games that are responsive to user emotions improve their effectiveness and user satisfactions. Testing and training for user emotional competence is meaningful in healthcare field, which has motivated us to analyze immersive affective games using emotional feedbacks. In this dissertation, a systematic model of designing interactive environment is presented, which consists of three essential modules: affect modeling, affect recognition, and affect control. In order to collect data for analysis and construct these modules, a series of experiments were …

A Neuroendocrine Presentation Of Sarcoidosis Not To Be Forgotten., Sandhya Venkataraman Do, Thomas Quinn Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Sensory Diet Use Among California Occupational Therapy Practitioners, Morganne Peterson, Allison Hunt, Emily White

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of sensory diets in the field of occupational therapy. This study investigated the use of sensory diets among California occupational therapy practitioners. A mixed-methods design was used to collect data through an online survey. The survey was sent out to members of the Occupational Therapy Association of California (OTAC) and received 98 respondents within one month. Participants worked among various clinical settings and implemented sensory diets with various client populations. Practitioners reported using terms such as “sensory strategies,” “sensory tools,” and “sensory supports” which indicates an overall misunderstanding associated with …

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of A Formal Dementia Care Training Program: Abilities Care Experts™, Carmen Joaquin, Michelle D'Amato, April Perez, Louiza Alexandria Villarina, Sophie E. Miller

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Overview: Abilities Care Experts™ (ACE™) is an educational training program for nursing staff who care for individuals with dementia in skilled nursing facilities (SNF). The objective of the program is to provide the nursing staff with knowledge, and methods to engage residents’ remaining abilities in order to maximize occupational participation using a stage-specific dementia care approach. ACE™ training has yet to be evaluated for effectiveness in a controlled study design.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACE™ training.

Design: The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design.

Participants: A total of 29 CNAs, 13 ACE™ trained …

Resilience And Protective Factors In Older Adults, Jessica Mcclain, Katelyn Gullatt, Caroline Lee

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Evidence suggests resilience promotes successful aging in place and protective factors promote resilience. This study sought to investigate whether or not the combination of three protective factors, physical health, social support, and self-efficacy are all of equal importance in predicting resilience among Marin County older adults, or if some individual protective factors have a greater impact on resilience than the others. Fifty-eight participants ages 62 and higher were recruited from senior community programs and personal contacts. Four self-report questionnaires were completed by the participants in this exploratory, cross-sectional, quantitative design. SPSS was used for a descriptive and multivariate analyses to …

The Affective Domain And The Intersection Of Learning In Emergency Medical Technician Paramedic Education, Meghan Williams

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Bloom identified three separate domains for learning: the psychomotor, cognitive, and affective domains. In this thesis, I propose that for paramedic education, the affective domain is not a domain to master equal to the psychomotor and cognitive domains, but must be mastered prior to the other domains in order to fully optimize learning. I propose that students must have a basic ability to apply the skills of the affective domain, and unlike the other domains, mastery of the almost the entire domain must be achieved before a student can complete the two other domains to be successful in a Paramedic …

Patterns Of Use Of Non-Ambulatory Care Services In Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, July K. Jean Cuevas, Hongying Dai, Suman Sahil

Presentations

Background:

ADHD affects 1 out of 11 children (ages 4-17)

Cost of psychiatric disorders: – Limited investigation in children and adolescents. – Limited studies on economic burden of ADHD in the US

A recent study showed increased cost of healthcare in $USD for patients with ADHD in United States.

Hypothesis: – Costly non-ambulatory services contribute to this discrepancy

Objective: To compare non-ambulatory health care utilization patterns of patients with and without ADHD in a large socioeconomically, racially and geographically diverse population.

Methods:

Retrospective review of data from Cerner Health Facts ®.

A total of 190,365 patients with ADHD and 131,473 …

Problematic Child Mealtime Behavior And Caregiver Mobile Phone Use, Libby Milkovich, Meredith Dreyer, Brooke Sweeney, Sarah Nyp, Benjamin Black

Presentations

TITLE: Problematic Child Mealtime Behavior and Caregiver Mobile Phone Use

BACKGROUND Problematic mealtime behaviors (PMB) (externalizing behavior at mealtime) have been seen anthropologically when adult caregivers are absorbed in their mobile phones. Parents with mobile phone problematic use (MPPU) are more likely to be absorbed in a mobile device. Use of mobile devices interrupts personal interactions which may cause children to engage in more externalizing behavior to gain attention of the caregiver. MPPU may also be seen among parents attempting to be distracted from a child’s problematic behaviors. Neither the correlation of MPPU to PMB, nor the frequency of PMB …

Code Lite: Developing Pediatric Residents’ Resuscitation Knowledge And Skills Using A Guided Mentoring Approach, Alyssa Stoner, Jenna Miller, Jennifer Flint, Shekinah Hensley, Brian Lee, Kadriye O. Lewis

Posters

Background: Simulation-based learning is a popular training method in healthcare education. Literature supports multiple aspects of simulation-based training for technical skills and behavioral skills, however the effects of different pedagogies have not been investigated in this educational method.

Objective: Examine the effects of guided mentorship during simulation on pediatric residents’ learning experience.

The Effect Of Cellular Dehydration On Glucose Regulation In Lean And Obese Females, Chunbo Yang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A chronically elevated vasopressin level has been associated with an impaired glucose regulation system in humans. A recent study in patients with diabetes suggested that low water intake is associated with impaired glucose regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hypertonic saline infusion on glucose regulation in healthy females. Thirty healthy, non-diabetic females performed a 2-h infusion followed by a 4-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Every subject participated in two trials separated by one month, in a counterbalanced order. Two trials were identical in the procedure, differing in the concentration of saline infusion, with …

Invasive Trichosporonosis Treated With Voriconazole, Vaibhav Garg, Elizabeth Jones, Ben J. Friedman, Jason B. Lee, Sherry Yang

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Introduction

Trichosporon is a genus of yeast-like fungi. It is perhaps most widely known as the cause of white piedra, a benign superficial mycosis seen in immunocompetent individuals in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the incidence of invasive trichosporonosis has increased in immunocompromised patients, most notably those with hematologic malignancies. The following case illustrates characteristic features of trichosporonosis fungemia.

Benchmarking Rectal Cancer Care: Institutional Compliance With A Longitudinal Checklist., William C. Chapman, Pamela Choi, Alexander T. Hawkins, Steven R. Hunt, Matthew L. Silviera, Paul E. Wise, Matthew G. Mutch, Sean C. Glasgow

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: In 2012, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons published the Rectal Cancer Surgery Checklist, a consensus document listing 25 essential elements of care for all patients undergoing radical surgery for rectal cancer. The authors herein examine checklist adherence in a mature, multisurgeon specialty academic practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of patients undergoing elective radical resection for rectal adenocarcinoma over a 23-mo period was conducted. Checklists were completed post hoc for each patient, and these results were tabulated to determine levels of compliance. Subgroup analyses by compliance and experience levels of the treating surgeon …

Improved Cognitive Outcomes In Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Daclizumab Beta: Results From The Decide Study., Ralph Hb Benedict, Stanley Cohan, Sharon G Lynch, Katherine Riester, Ping Wang, Wanda Castro-Borrero, Jacob Elkins, Guido Sabatella

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), with cognitive processing speed being the most frequently affected domain.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the effects of daclizumab beta versus intramuscular (IM) interferon (IFN) beta-1a on cognitive processing speed as assessed by Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).

METHODS: In DECIDE, patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) (age: 18-55 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 0-5.0) were randomized to daclizumab beta ( n = 919) or IM IFN beta-1a ( n = 922) for 96-144 weeks. SDMT was administered at baseline and at 24-week intervals.

RESULTS: At week 96, significantly greater mean improvement …

Infections Not Fought: Antibiotic Resistance In Underserved Communities, Derek Lillestolen

Senior Honors Theses

In 1928, the profound effects of penicillin were discovered and antibiotic treatments became extremely popular. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, like tetracyclines, have been since branded as cure-all prescriptions and used profusely in the Western World and abroad. Due to ignorance of specific biochemical mechanisms and the misuse of antibiotics these drugs inadvertently allowed the rise in prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of certain bacteria as the century progressed. Now, the specific genetic causes and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are being understood, but the fight against antimicrobial resistance is far from over. In the United States, thousands of fatalities are caused annually by …

Spinal Cord Trauma: An Overview Of Normal Structure And Function, Primary And Secondary Mechanisms Of Injury, And Emerging Treatment Modalities, Daniel Morin

Senior Honors Theses

The structures of the spinal cord and vertebral column are designed to provide flexibility, while still providing ample protection for the spinal cord deep within. While it does offer remarkable protection against most routine trauma, the spinal cord is still vulnerable to high-force etiologies of trauma and may become damaged as a result. These events are referred to as primary injury. Following the initial injury, the body’s own physiological responses cause a cascade of deleterious effects, known as secondary injury. Secondary injury is a major therapeutic target in mitigating the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI), and much research is …

Genetic Testing Practices Of Genetic Counselors, Geneticists, And Pediatric Neurologists With Regard To Childhood-Onset Neurogenetic Conditions, Sara Wofford

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Identifying genetic diagnoses for neurological conditions with a considerable hereditary component, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and epilepsy, is critical to providing proper medical management for these patients and their families. However, many patients with these conditions are not tested appropriately or receive no genetic testing at all. The current study was designed to characterize the genetic testing practices of the providers most likely to evaluate or order genetic testing for these patients: pediatric neurologists, geneticists, and genetic counselors. The study noted significant variance between the testing strategies selected by pediatric neurologists compared to those of geneticists …

Outcomes Of Genetic Testing In A Genitourinary Genetics Clinic, Annelise Pace

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Several known hereditary cancer syndromes confer an increased risk for genitourinary (GU)related malignancies. Various guidelines indicate when to refer patients to genetic counseling for GU-related hereditary cancer syndromes but there is limited research on the clinical picture of these patients, including their cancerous and non-cancerous features, the genetic testing strategy for this population, and the probability of having a positive germline mutation if testing is performed. The purpose of this study is to determine the most common indications for ordering genetic testing in a GU Genetics Clinic and evaluate whether there is a relationship between the indication for genetic testing …

Development Of 3d-Printed Patient Specific Bolus For Clinical Use In To Tal Scalp Irradiation, Garrett Baltz

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Total scalp irradiation (TSI) is a specialized radiation therapy technique that aims to deliver a uniform dose to the entire scalp. Original electron-based TSI techniques had limited homogeneity due to hot and cold spots created at field junctions due to the multiple matched fields that were required to treat the entire scalp. The transition to photon volumetric-modulated arc therapy based TSI techniques has improved homogeneity, to the point where non-conformal bolus is now a limiting factor. Bolus is required to build-up full dose to the scalp surface in total scalp irradiation. Creating bolus that is conformal to the scalp is …