Medical Specialties Commons^™

Reduction Of Ctrp9, A Novel Anti-Platelet Adipokine, Contributes To Abnormal Platelet Activity In Diabetic Animals., Wenqing Wang, Wayne Bond Lau, Yajing Wang, Xin-Liang Ma, Rong Li

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Platelet hyper-reactivity is a crucial cause of accelerated atherosclerosis increasing risk of thrombotic vascular events in diabetic patients. The mechanisms leading to abnormal platelet activity during diabetes are complex and not fully defined. The current study attempted to clarify the role of CTRP9, a novel adiponectin paralog, in enhanced platelet activity and determined whether CTRP9 may inhibit platelet activity. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were randomized to receive high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND). 8 weeks after HFD, animals were sacrificed, and both plasma CTRP9 and platelet aggregation were determined. HFD-fed animals increased weight gain significantly, and became hyperglycemic …

Gene 33/Mig6 Inhibits Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Dna Damage And Cell Transformation In Human Lung Epithelial Cells, Soyoung Park, Cen Li, Hong Zhao, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Dazhong Xu

NYMC Faculty Publications

Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are human lung carcinogens and environmental/occupational hazards. The molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis appear to be complex and are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Gene 33 (ERRFI1, Mig6), a multifunctional adaptor protein, in Cr(VI)-mediated lung carcinogenesis. We show that the level of Gene 33 protein is suppressed by both acute and chronic Cr(VI) treatments in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells. The inhibition also occurs in A549 lung bronchial carcinoma cells. Cr(VI) suppresses Gene 33 expression mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms, although the mRNA level of gene …

Phlpp Negatively Regulates Cell Motility Through Inhibition Of Akt Activity And Integrin Expression In Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Alena J. Smith, Yang-An Wen, Payton D. Stevens, Jingpeng Liu, Chi Wang, Tianyan Gao

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause for cancer-related mortality. Malignant progression of pancreatic cancer depends not only on rapid proliferation of tumor cells but also on increased cell motility. In this study, we showed that increased PHLPP expression significantly reduced the rate of migration in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells whereas knockdown of PHLPP had the opposite effect. In addition, cell motility at the individual cell level was negatively regulated by PHLPP as determined using time-lapse imaging. Interestingly, the expression of β1 and β4 integrin proteins were decreased in PHLPP overexpressing cells and increased in PHLPP knockdown cells …

Factors Contributing To Nonadherence To Follow-Up Appointments In A Resident Glaucoma Clinic Versus Primary Eye Care Clinic., Scott J Fudemberg, Brian Lee, Michael Waisbourd, Rachel A Murphy, Yang Dai, Benjamin E Leiby, Lisa A Hark

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To determine the rate of adherence to follow-up appointment recommendations in a resident glaucoma clinic with no mechanism for reminders, compared to a resident cataract and primary eye care (CPEC) clinic in which telephone reminders were used, and to identify factors that contribute to adherence in each patient group.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included subjects in the CPEC clinic who received telephone reminders and those in the glaucoma clinic who did not. Each sample was selected to have a similar proportion of follow-up recommendations for 1, 3, and 6 months. Subjects were considered adherent if they returned within …

Effectiveness Of A New Method For Endotracheal Tube Pilot Balloon Repair, Amir C. Dayan, Md, Richard H. Epstein, Md

Department of Anesthesiology Posters

Introduction:

• An intact pilot balloon is crucial to proper function of a cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT).
• Failure of the pilot balloon or disruption of the inflation tubing results in cuff deflation which may lead to inadequate ventilation and aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions.
• We describe a method that we employed using readily available components to repair a pilot balloon and inflation tubing, and report on the effectiveness of the repair method, as tested in vitro.

Mir-671-5p Inhibits Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition By Downregulating Foxm1 Expression In Breast Cancer., Xiaohui Tan, Yebo Fu, Liang Chen, Woojin Lee, Yinglei Lai, M. Katayoon Rezaei, Sana Tabbara, Patricia Latham, Christine B Teal, Yan-Gao Man, Robert S. Siegel, Rachel F. Brem, Sidney W. Fu

Medicine Faculty Publications

MicroRNA (miRNA) dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Our previous study showed that miR-671-5p was deregulated throughout breast cancer progression. Here, we report for the first time that miR-671-5p is a tumor-suppressor miRNA in breast tumorigenesis. We found that expression of miR-671-5p was decreased significantly in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) compared to normal in microdissected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), an oncogenic transcription factor, was predicted as one of the direct targets of miR-671-5p, which was subsequently confirmed by luciferase assays. Forced expression of miR-671-5p in breast cancer cell lines downregulated FOXM1 …

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induces Signs Of Alzheimer’S Disease (Ad) In Wild-Type Mice And Accelerates Pathological Signs Of Ad In An Ad Model, Do-Geun Kim, Antje Krenz, Leon E. Toussaint, Kirk J. Maurer

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease afflicting about one third of the world's population and 30 % of the US population. It is induced by consumption of high-lipid diets and is characterized by liver inflammation and subsequent liver pathology. Obesity and consumption of a high-fat diet are known to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated NAFLD-induced liver inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD.

Methods: WT and APP-Tg mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2, 5 months, or 1 year to induce NAFLD. Another …

Serum Amyloid A Impairs The Antiinflammatory Properties Of Hdl, Chang Yeop Han, Chongren Tang, Myriam E. Guevara, Hao Wei, Tomasz Wietecha, Baohai Shao, Savitha Subramanian, Mohamed Omer, Shari Wang, Kevin D. O'Brien, Santica M. Marcovina, Thomas N. Wight, Tomas Vaisar, Maria C. De Beer, Frederick C. De Beer, William R. Osborne, Keith B. Elkon, Alan Chait

Physiology Faculty Publications

HDL from healthy humans and lean mice inhibits palmitate-induced adipocyte inflammation; however, the effect of the inflammatory state on the functional properties of HDL on adipocytes is unknown. Here, we found that HDL from mice injected with AgNO₃ fails to inhibit palmitate-induced inflammation and reduces cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, HDL isolated from obese mice with moderate inflammation and humans with systemic lupus erythematosus had similar effects. Since serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in HDL increase with inflammation, we investigated whether elevated SAA is a causal factor in HDL dysfunction. HDL from AgNO₃-injected mice lacking Saa1.1 …

Associations Between Advanced Cancer Patients' Survival And Family Caregiver Presence And Burden, J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom, Jay G. Hull, Michelle Y. Martin, Kathleen D. Lyons

Dartmouth Scholarship

We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an early palliative care intervention (ENABLE: Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends) for persons with advanced cancer and their family caregivers. Not all patient participants had a caregiver coparticipant; hence, we explored whether there were relation- ships between patient survival, having an enrolled caregiver, and caregiver out- comes prior to death. One hundred and twenty-three patient-caregiver dyads and 84 patients without a caregiver coparticipant participated in the ENABLE early versus delayed (12 weeks later) RCT. We collected caregiver quality-of-life (QOL), depression, and burden (objective, stress, and demand) measures every 6 weeks for …

Poor Drug Adherence And Lack Of Awareness Of Hypertension Among Hypertensive Stroke Patients In Kampala, Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study Neurology, Martha Sajatovic, Cathy Sila, Michael Degeorgia

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Raised blood pressure (BP) remains an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke. Adherence to therapeutic recommendations especially antihypertensive drugs is important in BP control. The aim of the study was to assess the stroke risk factors and levels of adherence among hypertensive patients with stroke in Kampala Uganda. Methods: In a cross-sectional study we describe 112 hypertensive subjects with stroke from two Kampala city hospitals. A standardized pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect medical history, clinical details, radiological findings and laboratory data. Results: A total of 112 hypertensive subjects with stroke were enrolled between May 2013 …

Flight Nurses’ Narratives Of Traumatic Patient Care Events: Why Do They Stay?, Joanne Booth Newton

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

As frontline providers of care, flight nurses are continuously exposed to traumatic patient care events; they are, accordingly, highly vulnerable to the injurious effects of compassion fatigue. Flight nursing is an exclusive nursing specialty in which highly trained registered nurses provide comprehensive pre-hospital, emergency, and critical care to patients with urgent or life-threatening conditions aboard helicopter or fixed wing aircraft or, when necessary due to unfavorable weather conditions, by ground ambulance. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of five flight nurses; to better understand the factors they perceived to be contributors or barriers to compassion …

Faculty, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Mid-Level Providers, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Physical Therapy Faculty, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Chair, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Chief Of The Division Of Physical Therapy, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Treatment Of Tears Of The Superior Labrum Anterior And Posterior: A Review, Luke W. Buthuis

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Tears to the superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) are common injuries of the shoulder, and patients with these types of lesions are treated regularly by both general and sports-specialized orthopaedic surgeons. The causes, diagnosis, and effective treatment of these wounds have been examined extensively in the past several decades, owing partially to the development of arthroscopic techniques. Because clinical understanding has thus undergone frequent and notable changes, no standard method exists for current treatment. To help identify effective techniques for treating isolated SLAP tears, I reviewed the anatomy of the labrum and associated range of motion and stability of …

Letter From The Residency Director, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Periprosthetic Fractures Of The Femur After Total Hip Arthroplasty And Hemiarthroplasty: A Review, Reilly R. Kuehn

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hemiarthroplasty represent relatively uncommon but challenging complications. The incidence of these types of fractures has been rising, owing to an increasing number of hip arthroplasties performed, aging population, and prevalent use of uncemented stems, which may have unsuccessful long-term results compared with use of cemented stems. Method of treatment has been generally based on the Vancouver classification system that describes radiographic characteristics of fractures and stability of the femoral stems in respect to placement in the bone. In particular, the presence of loose stems has often indicated the need …

Treatment Of Injuries And Conditions Of The Distal Clavicle: A Review, Heather M. Menzer

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Several trauma-related injuries and degenerative conditions affect the distal end of the clavicle. Fractures of the distal clavicle and separations of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint are common, resulting from direct impact onto the shoulder region. Osteolysis and osteoarthritis of degenerative processes of the AC joint are caused by repetitive activity and overuse of the shoulder. To help identify options for treating the distal end of the clavicle, this review highlighted notable anatomical locations and biomechanics; findings of physical examinations; classification systems of injuries; and standard operative and nonoperative methods used for treatment. Although distal clavicle fractures, AC joint separations, osteolysis, …

Splinting Method For Preventing Thermal Injuries In Patients With Malleolar Fractures Of The Ankle After Operative Treatment Performed Under Regional Anesthesia, Alex Telis, Katherine J. Gavin, Heather M. Menzer, E Brooke Baker, Richard A. Miller

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

After performing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for treating malleolar fractures of the ankle, surgeons typically use plaster splints during postoperative recovery of patients. Use of regional anesthesia during ORIF has been noted as a risk factor for burns in patients using plaster splints, possibly owing to inability to feel pain after undergoing regional block. We describe a successful postoperative splinting technique used for preventing thermal injuries in this patient population. We reviewed medical records of patients between 2011 and 2013 at our institution with malleolar ankle fractures who had underwent ORIF under general anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, or …

Predicting Vancouver Types B1 And B2 Periprosthetic Fractures Of The Femur, David M. Bennett, Logan R. Koehler, David J. Margolis, Matthew J. Radelet, Zhenqiang Lu, Tony G. Pedri, Michael M. Decker, Michael D. Miller

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Background: Periprosthetic fractures of the femur after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be complex and difficult injuries to treat. Because of the increased prevalence of THA, an overall increase is anticipated in the incidence of this complication. Vancouver types B1 and B2 periprosthetic femur fractures (defined as fractures around or just below the stem, with well-fixed and loose femoral stems, respectively) are particularly challenging to accurately classify and thereby treat owing to the difficulty in interpreting stability of stems on initial radiographs. To determine whether the method of stem fixation (ie, cement or press fit) may be a predictor …

Psychosocial And Demographic Factors Influencing Pain Scores Of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis, Lauren A. Eberly, Dustin L. Richter, George D. Comerci, Deana M. Mercer, Gary W. Mlady, Daniel C. Wascher, Robert C. Schenck Jr

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Background: Noted levels of pain in patients with diagnosed osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee are commonly assessed by using a numeric scoring system. However, the results of pain levels in patients with knee OA may be influenced by factors other than the patient’s actual physical discomfort or disease severity, including demographic and psychosocial variables. We retrospectively examined 355 patients with knee OA who had reported associated pain levels using a 0- to 10-point rating scale.

Methods: Data obtained from the medical records of patients were Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade, demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), concomitant disorders, drug use, alcohol use, …

Estimation Of Simulated Blood Loss By Orthopaedic Residents Before And After Brief Training, Jeffrey T. Jobe, Erika L. Garbrecht, Heather M. Menzer, Richard A. Miller

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Background: Accurate estimation of blood loss (EBL) may be helpful for patient safety during certain operative procedures; however, medical students and residents are rarely instructed in EBL. In a series of two tests, we attempted to reveal any significant improvement in accuracy of EBL after a brief training session.

Methods: Fourteen orthopaedic residents were recruited. Participants estimated the amounts of simulated blood before and after a training session that involved a visual of 110 cm3 of the spilled fluid. Three volumes of 50, 237, and 531 cm3 of simulated blood were spilled on a lap sponge, blanket, and trash bag, …

Design Of A Robotic Apparatus For Simulated Motion Of The Human Hand, Kenneth J. Smith, Sean R. Coss, Deana M. Mercer, Christina Salas, David I. Grow

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Background: The hand is complex, in that any small disturbance to the flexor tendons, extensor tendons, and intrinsic muscles can result in dysfunction of the entire structure. We designed a robotic device to consistently load a native thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint in assessing the effects of ligamentous damage on stability of the thumb CMC joint.

Methods: The device consisted of a mechanical plate in which to fixate a cadaveric hand, a tendon-suture routing system, a bracket to couple multiple suture lines to a cable to maintain equal force among sutures and tendons, and the finger-thumb force measurement devices. To apply …

Investigating Potential Role Of Surgeons In Sternal Wire Failure By Biomechanical Tests, Christina Salas, Rachel N. Tufaro, C Etta Tabe, Kwasi Addae-Mensah, W Daniel Tanberg, Christopher Buksa, Jessica A. Avila, Jorge A. Wernly

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Background: Stainless steel wires are commonly used to close the sternum after cardiac-related operative procedures. However, complications have been reported associated with fracture of wires and subsequent migration into the chest cavity. The objective of this study was to biomechanically evaluate the role of surgeons in contributing to wire failure. We hypothesized that surgeons may impose damage to the sternal wire, which may be exacerbated by postoperative wire degradation and patient movement.

Methods: A biomimetic sternal model and custom test fixture simulated a median sternotomy. The sternum was closed by a fellowship-trained cardiothoracic surgeon using figure-of-eight and simple closure techniques. …

Postoperative Complications In Patients With Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis Treated With Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty: Report Of Two Cases, Jessica A. Avila, Taylor H. Parnall, Ericka L. Charley, Lauren N. Mercer, Elizabeth A. Mikola, Deana M. Mercer

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, specifically, of the thumb trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint, is a common condition in older women. Complications associated with surgical treatment range from transient tendinitis to wrist instability. We present two patients in whom complications developed after undergoing CMC arthroplasty. In one patient, rupture of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) was noted postoperatively after using a combination of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition with complete trapeziectomy. The second patient presented with a flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon that was tethered with sutures, in which surgical release of the entrapped FPL tendon led to successful treatment. In …

Simultaneous Presence Of A Transligamentous Recurrent Motor Branch Of The Median Nerve And Palmaris Profundus Tendon In A Patient With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Case Report, Dustin L. Larson, Moheb S. Moneim

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most frequently encountered entrapment of the peripheral nerves in the upper extremity. Abnormal anatomical variations involving the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve and presence of a palmaris profundus tendon have been reported. We present a 53-year-old man in whom open carpal tunnel release led to complete resolution of numbness, tingling, and pain in the right hand by 1 month postoperatively. Intraoperatively, the simultaneous presence of a transligamentous recurrent motor branch of the median nerve and palmaris profundus tendon in the carpal tunnel was found and excised. Surgeons should be aware of the …

Simultaneous Dislocation Of Both Interphalangeal Joints In The Same Digit Of A 56-Year-Old Woman With Workers’ Compensation: A Case Report, Danika Z. Boomer, Kristin M. Loker, Deana M. Mercer

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Dislocation of the interphalangeal (IP) joints of the fingers, particularly on the ulnar side of the hand, is common; however, simultaneous dislocation of both IP joints of the same finger is uncommon, and no studies have reported this injury in patients with workers’ compensation claims. We describe a 56-year-old woman with simultaneous dislocation of distal and proximal IP joints, who was successfully treated using a dorsal blocking splint followed by several months of undergoing occupational therapy. She had sustained the injury from a fall on the ground at work and was promptly treated with open reduction at an outside facility. …