Medical Specialties Commons^™

Mitochondrial Mass, A New Metabolic Biomarker For Stem-Like Cancer Cells: Understanding Wnt/Fgf-Driven Anabolic Signaling., Rebecca Lamb, Gloria Bonuccelli, Béla Ozsvári, Maria Peiris-Pagès, Marco Fiorillo, Duncan L Smith, Generoso Bevilacqua, Chiara Maria Mazzanti, Liam A Mcdonnell, Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato, Maybo Chiu, Luke Wynne, Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn, Federica Sotgia, Michael P. Lisanti

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Here, we developed an isogenic cell model of "stemness" to facilitate protein biomarker discovery in breast cancer. For this purpose, we used knowledge gained previously from the study of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). MMTV initiates mammary tumorigenesis in mice by promoter insertion adjacent to two main integration sites, namely Int-1 (Wnt1) and Int-2 (Fgf3), which ultimately activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, driving the propagation of mammary cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, to develop a humanized model of MMTV signaling, we over-expressed WNT1 and FGF3 in MCF7 cells, an ER(+) human breast cancer cell line. We then validated that MCF7 cells …

Investigation Of Potential Early Histologic Markers Of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Julie A. Bass, Craig A. Friesen, Amanda D. Deacy, Nancy Neilan, Julia M. Bracken, Valentina Shakhnovich, Vivekanand Singh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

© 2015 Bass et al. Background: Early manifestations of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be relatively nonspecific. Initial mucosal biopsies may not be conclusive, delaying the diagnosis until subsequent biopsies demonstrate typical histologic features of IBD. We hypothesized that certain inflammatory cell types may be utilized as early histologic indicators of IBD in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis compared histologic findings from initially inconclusive or negative endoscopic studies in 22 patients who were subsequently diagnosed with IBD (after diagnostic endoscopy) to those of 20 comparison patients with functional abdominal pain matched for age, gender, and study type. A pediatric …

A Consortium Level Approach To Reducing Ventilator Dependence, Adam P. Johnson, Md, Mph, Vanessa Thompson, Phd, Randi E. Altmark, Rn, Bsn, Scott W. Cowan, Md, Henry A. Pitt, Md, Vanita Ahuja, Md

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Significance Statement

We found that all but two institutions in our consortium were poor performing outliers for ventilator dependence, defined as on the ventilator greater than 48 hours. Ventilator dependence is a rare occurrence, so our goal was to identify those patients at highest risk and develop best practices to share for the region.

Massive Pulmonary Embolism With Hemodynamic Compromise Successfully Treated With Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, B. Akkanti, S. Nathan, E. N. Centeno, K. Akasapu, P. Doshi, R. Hussain, F. Raissi, A. Nascimbene, R. Srinivasan, I. Rajapreyar, M. Patel, J. Patel, M. Akay, P. Loyalka, B. Kar, I. Gregoric

The VAD Journal

Introduction: Cardiogenic shock that results from pulmonary embolus has a high mortality rate. Systemic thrombolysis is frequently used in submassive and massive pulmonary embolus and has been shown to restore circulation. However, in the event of impending or ongoing cardiac arrest, systemic thrombolysis or anticoagulation alone has not been always shown to be effective. Case reports have previously established that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can effectively be used as an effective rescue strategy in cases of cardiac arrest as a result from massive pulmonary embolus. We report six cases of massive pulmonary embolism (PE), in which veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA …

Early Manifestations Of Atrial Tamponade In A Patient Implanted With Syncardia Total Artificial Heart., Manoj Thangam, Bindu Akkanti, Sriram Nathan, Daniel Ocazionez-Trujillo, Indranee Rajapreyar, Manish K. Patel, Jayesh Patel, Pranav Loyolka, Biswajit Kar, Igor Gregoric

The VAD Journal

Implantation rates of the SynCardia Total Artificial Heart (TAH) system is growing owing to the increasing incidence of biventricular heart failure and the limited number of transplantable hearts. Among the complications associated with the device, atrial tamponade is an emergent condition that requires immediate attention. Atrial tamponade occurs when increasing pericardial hemorrhage leads to atrial compression that produces tamponade physiology and compromises cardiac output. Unfortunately to our knowledge, information concerning the early manifestations of tamponade in TAH patients is extremely scarce. Previous reports have focused on decreased cardiac output as an indicator of tamponade. However, other presentations including pulmonary decompensation …

Distal Insertional Footprint Of The Brachialis Muscle: 3d Morphometric Study, Srinath Kamineni, Abdo Bachoura, William Behrens, Ellora Kamineni, Andrew Deane

Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective. The purpose of this study is to describe the three-dimensional morphometry of the brachialis muscle at its distal attachment to the ulna. Methods. Fifty cadaveric elbows were dissected and the brachialis distal insertion was isolated on the ulna bone and probed with a three-dimensional digitizer, to create a three-dimensional model of the footprint. Measurements and analysis of each footprint shape were recorded and compared based on gender and size. Results. There was significant gender difference in the surface length (P = 0.002) and projected length (P = 0.001) of the brachialis footprint. The shapes …

Emerging Novel Therapies For Heart Failure., Anthony M Szema, Sophia Dang, Jonathan C Li

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Heart function fails when the organ is unable to pump blood at a rate proportional to the body's need for oxygen or when this function leads to elevated cardiac chamber filling pressures (cardiogenic pulmonary edema). Despite our sophisticated knowledge of heart failure, even so-called ejection fraction-preserved heart failure has high rates of mortality and morbidity. So, novel therapies are sorely needed. This review discusses current standard therapies for heart failure and launches an exploration into emerging novel treatments on the heels of recently-approved sacubitril and ivbradine. For example, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is protective of the heart, so in the …

Pentobarbital Toxicity After Self-Administration Of Euthasoltm Veterinary Euthanasia Medication, Steven J. Crellin Do, Kenneth D. Katz Md

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Serotonin Syndrome Associated With Therapeutic Metaxalone Dosing In A Patient With Cirrhosis, Ryan M Surmaitis Do, Thomas M. Nappe Do, Matthew D. Cook Do

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Prosthetic Limbs, Victoria Ramos

The Kabod

Approximately 2 million people in the Unites States alone have had an amputation, and many of these people use a prosthetic limb daily. The prosthetic limb, which began as a primitive device, is now a highly sophisticated piece of technology. It is because of many devoted scientists that we now have access to this life-transforming device. There are many causes for amputation; a few causes included disease, accidents, and congenital conditions. Although missing a limb can be life-altering, health care teams consisting of physicians, physical therapists, and orthotists are dedicated to helping people return to everyday activities and to excel …

Cladribine Analogues Via O6-(Benzotriazolyl) Derivatives Of Guanine Nucleosides, Sakilam Satishkumar, Prasanna K. Vuram, Siva Subrahmanyam Relangi, Venkateshwarlu Gurram, Hong Zhou, Robert J. Kreitman, Michelle M. Martínez Montemayor, Lijia Yang, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, Somesh Sharma, Narender Pottabathini, Mahesh K. Lakshman

Publications and Research

Cladribine, 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine, is a highly efficacious, clinically used nucleoside for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. It is also being evaluated against other lymphoid malignancies and has been a molecule of interest for well over half a century. In continuation of our interest in the amide bond-activation in purine nucleosides via the use of (benzotriazol-1yl-oxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, we have evaluated the use of O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine as a potential precursor to cladribine and its analogues. These compounds, after appropriate deprotection, were assessed for their biological activities, and the data are presented herein. Against hairy cell leukemia (HCL), T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and chronic lymphocytic …

Primary Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma Of Kidney With Variant Histomorphologic Features: Report Of 2 Cases And Review Of The Literature., Dilek Ertoy Baydar, Kemal Kosemehmetoglu, Oguz Aydin, Julia A. Bridge, Berrin Buyukeren, Fazil Tuncay Aki

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

The authors present two cases of primary sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) of the kidney. Both patients had a mass in the upper part of the left kidney without any primary extrarenal neoplastic lesions. Grossly, the tumors were solid masses both measuring 7.5 cm in the greatest diameter. Histologically, one of the lesions exhibited a predominantly lobular growth of round or oval small uniform epithelioid cells in variable cellularity. Circular zones of crowded tumor cells alternating with hypocellular collagenous tissue in a concentric fashion around entrapped native renal tubules were distinctive. The second case was distinctive with significant cytological atypia in …

Dynapenic Obesity And The Effect On Long-Term Physical Function And Quality Of Life: Data From The Osteoarthritis Initiative, John A. Batsis, Alicia J. Zbehlik, Dawna Pidgeon, Stephen J. Bartels

Dartmouth Scholarship

Obesity is associated with functional impairment, institutionalization, and increased mortality risk in elders. Dynapenia is defined as reduced muscle strength and is a known independent predictor of adverse events and disability. The synergy between dynapenia and obesity leads to worse outcomes than either independently. We identified the impact of dynapenic obesity in a cohort at risk for and with knee osteoarthritis on function.

Plant-Derived Sac Domain Of Par-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response 4) Exhibits Growth Inhibitory Effects In Prostate Cancer Cells, Shayan Sarkar, Sumeet Jain, Vineeta Rai, Dipak K. Sahoo, Sumita Raha, Sujit Suklabaidya, Shantibhusan Senapati, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Indu B. Maiti, Nrisingha Dey

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

The gene Par-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response 4) was originally identified in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis and its product Par-4 showed cancer specific pro-apoptotic activity. Particularly, the SAC domain of Par-4 (SAC-Par-4) selectively kills cancer cells leaving normal cells unaffected. The therapeutic significance of bioactive SAC-Par-4 is enormous in cancer biology; however, its large scale production is still a matter of concern. Here we report the production of SAC-Par-4-GFP fusion protein coupled to translational enhancer sequence (5′ AMV) and apoplast signal peptide (aTP) in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN plants under the control of a unique recombinant promoter M24. …

Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Patient Presenting With Medulloblastoma, Jan Kalimullah, Abdul Malik Amir Humza Sohail, Rai Shahjehan, Sabeehuddin Siddique, Muhammad Ehsan Bari

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant syndrome with a frequency of 1 in 25,000 live births and a penetrance of almost 100% by the sixth decade of life. The main tumors occurring in NF2 patients are bilateral vestibular schwannomas, other peripheral, cranial and spinal nerve schwannomas, intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas, ependymomas, and gliomas.
Case description: We report the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with a 1-month history of nausea and recurrent vomiting. Physical examination was positive for ataxic gait and left-sided facial nerve palsy. Family history was positive for NF2 in the patient's father and …

When Mumps Is Not The Diagnosis: Acute Sialadenitis During Influenza Season, Tasha Desai Do, Tibisay Villalobos Md

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Vascular Ring In An Adolescent Patient With Nausea And Mild Dysphagia, Kristen Kametz Crnp

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Survival Outcome According To Kras Mutation Status In Newly Diagnosed Patients With Stage Iv Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Platinum Doublet Chemotherapy., Anna K Brady, Jonathan D Mcneill, Brendan Judy, Joshua Bauml, Tracey L Evans, Roger B Cohen, Corey Langer, Anil Vachani, Charu Aggarwal

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Mutations (MT) of the KRAS gene are the most common mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), seen in about 20-25% of all adenocarcinomas. Effect of KRAS MT on response to cytotoxic chemotherapy is unclear.

METHODS: We undertook a single-institution retrospective analysis of 93 consecutive patients with stage IV NSCLC adenocarcinoma with known KRAS and EGFR MT status to determine the association of KRAS MT with survival. All patients were treated between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2011 with standard platinum based chemotherapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Overall and progression free survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and …

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Treatment Ameliorates Peritonitis-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction, Shinichi Asano, Ravikumar Arvapalli, Nandini D. Manne, Mani Maheshwari, Bing Ma, Kevin M. Rice, Vellaisamy Selvaraj, Eric Blough

MIIR Faculty Research

The severe inflammation observed during sepsis is thought to cause diaphragm dysfunction, which is associated with poor patient prognosis. Cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles have been posited to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities suggesting that these particles may be of potential use for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. To investigate this possibility, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham control, CeO₂ nanoparticle treatment only (0.5 mg/kg iv), sepsis, and sepsis+CeO₂ nanoparticles. Sepsis was induced by the introduction of cecal material (600 mg/kg) directly into the peritoneal cavity. Nanoparticle treatment decreased sepsis-associated impairments in …

Diagnostic Options And Challenges For Dengue And Chikungunya Viruses., Stacey K. Mardekian, Amity L. Roberts, Phd, D(Abmm)

Department of Medical Genetics Faculty Papers

Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are arboviruses that share the same Aedes mosquito vectors and thus overlap in their endemic areas. These two viruses also cause similar clinical presentations, especially in the initial stages of infection, with neither virus possessing any specific distinguishing clinical features. Because the outcomes and management strategies for these two viruses are vastly different, early and accurate diagnosis is imperative. Diagnosis is also important for surveillance, outbreak control, and research related to vaccine and drug development. Available diagnostic tests are aimed at detection of the virus, its antigenic components, or the host immune antibody …

Real-Time Detection Of Breast Cancer Cells Using Peptidefunctionalized Microcantilever Arrays, Hashem Etayash, Keren Jiang, Sarfuddin Azmi, Thomas Thundat, Kamaljit Kaur

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Ligand-directed targeting and capturing of cancer cells is a new approach for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Ligands such as antibodies have been successfully used for capturing cancer cells and an antibody based system (CellSearch®) is currently used clinically to enumerate CTCs. Here we report the use of a peptide moiety in conjunction with a microcantilever array system to selectively detect CTCs resulting from cancer, specifically breast cancer. A sensing microcantilever, functionalized with a breast cancer specific peptide 18-4 (WxEAAYQrFL), showed significant deflection on cancer cell (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) binding compared to when exposed to noncancerous (MCF10A and HUVEC) cells. …

A Case Report Of Enteric Duplication Cyst: A Unique Presentation With Multiple Rare Associations, Arsha Sreedhar Md, Ranjit R. Nair Md, William Scialla Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Perception Of Menstruation And Treatment Of Menstrual Ailments Among Tibetan Women In Mcleod Ganj, Himachal Pradesh, Kara Spafford

India: Public Health, Policy Advocacy, and Community

Despite recent incorporation of quality of life assessments into goal setting, menstrual ailments are still left out of public health initiatives in developing countries. Due to lack of studies on perceptions of menstruation and treatment options for menstrual ailments, the specific health needs of Tibetan women are not met. The present study seeks to determine how Tibetan women are influenced by societal views of menstruation and to explore access to treatment for menstrual problems in McLeod Ganj, Himachal Pradesh. A total of thirty-seven semi-structured interviews were conducted among Tibetan doctors at Men-Tsee-Khang (Tibetan Medical and Astronomy Institute) and Tibetan women …

Standards Of Evidence For Efficacy, Effectiveness, And Scale-Up Research In Prevention Science: Next Generation., Denise C. Gottfredson, Thomas D. Cook, Frances E.M. Gardner, Deborah Gorman-Smith, George W. Howe, Irwin N. Sandler, Kathryn M. Zafft

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

A decade ago, the Society of Prevention Research (SPR) endorsed a set of standards for evidence related to research on prevention interventions. These standards (Flay et al., Prevention Science 6:151-175, 2005) were intended in part to increase consistency in reviews of prevention research that often generated disparate lists of effective interventions due to the application of different standards for what was considered to be necessary to demonstrate effectiveness. In 2013, SPR's Board of Directors decided that the field has progressed sufficiently to warrant a review and, if necessary, publication of "the next generation" of standards of evidence. The Board convened …

Breast Cancer Rehabilitation: Clinical Examination And Outcomes Assessment, Nicole L. Stout, Shana Harrington, Lucinda Pfalzer, Mary Insana Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the United States. The treatment for breast cancer occurs along a protracted time period and includes many different disease treatment modalities. These treatments carry with them a large number of adverse effects that negatively impact function in both the short term and long term. It is necessary for rehabilitation providers to interface with patients being treated for breast cancer throughout the continuum of care so that interval assessments can be conducted to identify emerging impairments and alleviate disability. To achieve this, the rehabilitation provider must have an understanding of …

Home Exercise Adherence In An Underserved Ecuadorian Community, Joseph M. Day, Jean Irion, Meridith Anile, Jared Henson, Ben Roussel, Christina Shepherd, Huybrechts Bindele

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Purpose: Physical therapy service learning projects and volunteer experiences in foreign countries are becoming more commonplace. Patients in underserved regions are not likely to receive therapy services regularly; therefore, adherence to a home exercise program (HEP) is critical. The primary purpose of this study was to observe home exercise adherence rates between the 1st and 2nd visits in an underserved population. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine specific factors that affect HEP adherence in this population.

Methods: Consecutive patients seen in Santo Domingo, Ecuador were considered for participation in this observational study. All patients were recruited from …

Las Percepciones De Los Profesionales De La Salud Sobre Los Cuidados Paliativos En Diferentes Sectores De Salud En La Ciudad De Buenos Aires / Perceptions Of Health Professionals About Palliative Care In Different Health Sectors In The City Of Buenos Aires, Kate Paulsen

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Información contextual: Los cuidados paliativos son un campo de medicina para pacientes con enfermedades avanzadas o terminales. El propósito de la medicina paliativa es mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y su familia y cuidar los síntomas físicos, psicológicos, sociales y espirituales. Los equipos interdisciplinarios compuestos de médicos, enfermeros, trabajadores sociales, psicólogos y otros tienen un papel esencial en el cuidado del paciente en una manera completa. Los cuidados paliativos son importantes porque todos tienen el derecho a ser acompañados en el final de la vida. En Argentina, los cuidados paliativos se han desarrollado considerablemente y existen en …

El Parto Humanizado: Perspectivas De Profesionales En Las Maternidades Públicas De Buenos Aires, Lara Kaplan Westbrook

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Con el reconocimiento de la tecnologización y medicalización del embarazo y parto en años recientes, el término violencia obstétrica y la ley del parto humanizado han surgido en Argentina. Aunque la ley define cómo los hospitales deben actuar para garantizar un parto donde la mujer sea la protagonista, su implementación depende de muchos factores, incluyendo la interpretación y opinión del profesional. Además, las mujeres que viven en situaciones de pobreza son quienes más frecuentemente usan los servicios de salud públicos y por ello suelen estar más expuestas a la naturalización de la violencia en la atención de la salud y …

The Cutting Edge Fall 2015, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

The Cutting Edge Newsletter

A eight page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting current affairs of the department. This issue contains features such as faculty news, information on general surgery residencies, a list of scholarly activity, special lectures, and more.

Myricetin Inhibits Proliferation Of Cisplatin-Resistant Cancer Cells Through A P53-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway, Haizhi Huang, Allen Y. Chen, Xingqian Ye, Bingyun Li, Yon Rojanasakul, Gary O. Rankin, Yi Charlie Chen

Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology

Cisplatin is a commonly used drug for cancer treatment by crosslinking DNA, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells, resistance to cisplatin treatment often occurs, leading to relapse. Therefore, there is a need for the development of more effective treatment strategies that can overcome chemoresistance. Myricetin is a flavonoid from fruits and vegetables, showing anticancer activity in various cancer cells. In this study, we found myricetin exhibited greater cytotoxicity than cisplatin in two cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70, and it was less cytotoxic to the normal ovarian cell line IOSE-364. Myricetin selectively induced apoptosis in both cisplatinresistant cancer …