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2015

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Articles 1621 - 1650 of 2431

Full-Text Articles in Medical Specialties

Blocking Cold-Inducible Rna-Binding Protein Protects Liver From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, A. Godwin, W. L. Yang, A. Sharma, A. Khader, Z. Wang, F. Zhang, J. Nicastro, G.F. Coppa, P. Wang Jan 2015

Blocking Cold-Inducible Rna-Binding Protein Protects Liver From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, A. Godwin, W. L. Yang, A. Sharma, A. Khader, Z. Wang, F. Zhang, J. Nicastro, G.F. Coppa, P. Wang

Journal Articles

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a nuclear protein that has been recently identified as a novel inflammatory mediator in hemorrhagic shock and sepsis. We hypothesized that CIRP acts as a potent inflammatory mediator in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and thus blocking CIRP protects against I/R-induced liver injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 70% hepatic ischemia by microvascular clamping of the hilum of the left and median liver lobes for 60 min, followed by reperfusion. Anti-CIRP antibody (1 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle (normal saline) in 0.2 mL was injected via the internal jugular vein at the beginning of the reperfusion. …

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Neutralization Of Osteopontin Attenuates Neutrophil Migration In Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury, Y. Hirano, M. Aziz, W.L. Yang, Z. Wang, M. Zhou, M. Ochani, A. Khader, P. Wang Jan 2015

Neutralization Of Osteopontin Attenuates Neutrophil Migration In Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury, Y. Hirano, M. Aziz, W.L. Yang, Z. Wang, M. Zhou, M. Ochani, A. Khader, P. Wang

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis refers to severe systemic inflammation leading to acute lung injury (ALI) and death. Introducing novel therapies can reduce the mortality in ALI. Osteopontin (OPN), a secretory glycoprotein produced by immune reactive cells, plays a deleterious role in various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in ALI caused by sepsis remains unexplored. We hypothesize that treatment with an OPN-neutralizing antibody (anti-OPN Ab) protects mice against ALI during sepsis. METHODS: Sepsis was induced in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Anti-OPN Ab or non-immunized IgG as control, at a dose of 50 mug/mouse, was intravenously injected at …

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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Sepsis, M. M. Khan, W.L. Yang, P. Wang Jan 2015

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Sepsis, M. M. Khan, W.L. Yang, P. Wang

Journal Articles

Sepsis is an enormous public health issue and the leading cause of death in critically ill patients in intensive care units. Overwhelming inflammation, characterized by cytokine storm, oxidative threats, and neutrophil sequestration, is an underlying component of sepsis-associated organ failure. Despite recent advances in sepsis research, there is still no effective treatment available beyond the standard of care and supportive therapy. To reduce sepsis-related mortality, a better understanding of the biological mechanism associated with sepsis is essential. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a subcellular organelle, is responsible for the facilitation of protein folding and assembly and involved in several other physiological activities. …

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Stimulation Of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway With Wnt Agonist Reduces Organ Injury After Hemorrhagic Shock, M. Kuncewitch, W.L. Yang, A. Jacob, A. Khader, M. Giangola, Jeffrey Nicastro, G. Coppa, P. Wang Jan 2015

Stimulation Of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway With Wnt Agonist Reduces Organ Injury After Hemorrhagic Shock, M. Kuncewitch, W.L. Yang, A. Jacob, A. Khader, M. Giangola, Jeffrey Nicastro, G. Coppa, P. Wang

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in surgery and trauma patients. Despite a large number of preclinical trials conducted to develop therapeutic strategies against hemorrhagic shock, there is still an unmet need for effective therapy for hemorrhage patients. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling controls developmental processes and cellular regeneration owing to its central role in cell survival and proliferation. We therefore hypothesized that the activation of Wnt signaling reduces systemic injury caused by hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hemorrhagic shock by controlled bleeding of the femoral artery to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 30 …

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Stimulation Of Brain Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Attenuates Inflammation And Acute Lung Injury In Sepsis, N. Mulchandani, W.L. Yang, M. M. Khan, F. Zhang, P. Marambaud, J. Nicastro, G.F. Coppa, P. Wang Jan 2015

Stimulation Of Brain Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Attenuates Inflammation And Acute Lung Injury In Sepsis, N. Mulchandani, W.L. Yang, M. M. Khan, F. Zhang, P. Marambaud, J. Nicastro, G.F. Coppa, P. Wang

Journal Articles

Sepsis and septic shock are enormous public health problems with astronomical financial repercussions on health systems worldwide. The central nervous system (CNS) is closely intertwined in the septic process but the underlying mechanism is still obscure. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous energy sensor enzyme and plays a key role in regulation of energy homeostasis and cell survival. In this study, we hypothesized that activation of AMPK in the brain would attenuate inflammatory responses in sepsis, particularly in the lungs. Adult C57BL/6 male mice were treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboneucleotide (AICAR, 20 ng), an AMPK activator, or vehicle (normal saline) …

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Differential Alterations Of Tissue T-Cell Subsets After Sepsis, A. Sharma, W.L. Yang, S. Matsuo, P. Wang Jan 2015

Differential Alterations Of Tissue T-Cell Subsets After Sepsis, A. Sharma, W.L. Yang, S. Matsuo, P. Wang

Journal Articles

Among immune cells in responding to sepsis, macrophages and neutrophils have been extensively studied, while the contribution of T lymphocytes and natural killer T (NKT) cells is less well characterized. Here we monitored tissue specific changes of T cell subsets in male C57BL/6 mice subjected to sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce polymicrobial sepsis. Thymus, spleen, liver, lungs and blood were processed and analyzed 20h later. Total lymphocyte count showed a significant reduction in septic thymus, spleen and blood but not in lungs and liver. The septic thymi were hypocellular with severe reduction in cell numbers …

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Human Ghrelin Mitigates Intestinal Injury And Mortality After Whole Body Irradiation In Rats, Z. M. Wang, W.L. Yang, A. Jacob, M. Aziz, P. Wang Jan 2015

Human Ghrelin Mitigates Intestinal Injury And Mortality After Whole Body Irradiation In Rats, Z. M. Wang, W.L. Yang, A. Jacob, M. Aziz, P. Wang

Journal Articles

Widespread use of ionizing radiation has led to the realization of the danger associated with radiation exposure. Although studies in radiation countermeasures were initiated a half century ago, an effective therapy for a radiomitigator has not been identified. Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone, and administration of ghrelin is protective in animal models of injuries including radiation combined injury. To test whether ghrelin can be protective in whole body irradiaton (WBI) alone, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated with human ghrelin (20 nmol/rat) daily for 6 days starting at either 24 h or 48 h after 10 Gray (Gy) WBI …

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Combination Of Adrenomedullin With Its Binding Protein Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing, J. P. Idrovo, W. L. Yang, A. Jacob, M. A. Ajakaiye, C. Cheyuo, Z. M. Wang, J. M. Prince, J. Nicastro, G.F. Coppa, P. Wang Jan 2015

Combination Of Adrenomedullin With Its Binding Protein Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing, J. P. Idrovo, W. L. Yang, A. Jacob, M. A. Ajakaiye, C. Cheyuo, Z. M. Wang, J. M. Prince, J. Nicastro, G.F. Coppa, P. Wang

Journal Articles

Cutaneous wound continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the setting of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in wound care management, there is still an unmet medical need exists for efficient therapy for cutaneous wound. Combined treatment of adrenomedullin (AM) and its binding protein-1 (AMBP-1) is protective in various disease conditions. To examine the effect of the combination treatment of AM and AMBP-1 on cutaneous wound healing, full-thickness 2.0-cm diameter circular excision wounds were surgically created on the dorsum of rats, saline (vehicle) or AM/AMBP1 (96/320 mu g kg BW) was topically applied to the …

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An Interesting Cause Of Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction, S. A. Sathyanarayana, G. B. Deutsch, B. Friedman Jan 2015

An Interesting Cause Of Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction, S. A. Sathyanarayana, G. B. Deutsch, B. Friedman

Journal Articles

Foreign body ingestion is a known cause of abdominal pain in pediatric population occurring between 6 months and 3 years of age (Wyllie Curr Opin Pediatr 18:563, 2006, Uyemura Am Fam Physician 72:287, 2005, Banerjee Indian J Pediatr 72:173, 2005). Most of the ingested foreign bodies pass spontaneously with 10-20 % requiring endoscopic retrieval, and < 1 % of cases require a surgical intervention (Wyllie Curr Opin Pediatr 18:563, 2006, Uyemura Am Fam Physician 72:287, 2005, Shivakumar Indian J Pediatr 71:689, 2004). Presence of intestinal obstruction necessitates surgical intervention to extract the ingested foreign body. Initial abdominal plain radiograph should be obtained when foreign body ingestion is suspected, which differentiates a radiopaque from radiolucent foreign bodies. A computed tomography with 3D reconstruction (3D-CT) is recommended with radiolucent foreign bodies (Uyemura Am Fam Physician 72:287, 2005, Kazam Am J Emerg Med 23:897, 2005). After 24 h of expectant management, failure of spontaneous passage requires further intervention. Timely intervention to relieve the obstruction is pivotal to prevent undue complications. We present an interesting case of a boy who ingested a radiolucent foreign body diagnosed on 3D-CT, successfully treated with surgical extraction.

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Fdg-Pet-Positive Lower-Extremity Sebaceous-Gland Carcinoma In A Patient With Muir-Torre Syndrome, B. Kviatkovsky, E. Landau, M. Siddique, S. Hossri, A. Ebaee, J.P. Attalah, A. Picon, A. Brenner Jan 2015

Fdg-Pet-Positive Lower-Extremity Sebaceous-Gland Carcinoma In A Patient With Muir-Torre Syndrome, B. Kviatkovsky, E. Landau, M. Siddique, S. Hossri, A. Ebaee, J.P. Attalah, A. Picon, A. Brenner

Journal Articles

Sebaceous-gland carcinoma can occur alone or as one of the defining features of the Muir-Torre syndrome. Cases occurring below the head and neck are extremely rare. Here we describe the case of a 70-year-old male with Muir-Torre syndrome who had a recurrent sebaceous-gland carcinoma in the left lower extremity that demonstrated 18F-FDG avidity. An 18F-FDG-avid lower-extremity sebaceous-gland carcinoma has not been previously reported.

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Combining Task-Evoked And Spontaneous Activity To Improve Pre-Operative Brain Mapping With Fmri, M. D. Fox, T. Qian, J. R. Madsen, D. Wang, M. Ge, H. C. Zuo, D. M. Groppe, A. D. Mehta, B. Hong, H. Liu, +1 Additional Author Jan 2015

Combining Task-Evoked And Spontaneous Activity To Improve Pre-Operative Brain Mapping With Fmri, M. D. Fox, T. Qian, J. R. Madsen, D. Wang, M. Ge, H. C. Zuo, D. M. Groppe, A. D. Mehta, B. Hong, H. Liu, +1 Additional Author

Journal Articles

Noninvasive localization of brain function is used to understand and treat neurological disease, exemplified by pre-operative fMRI mapping prior to neurosurgical intervention. The principal approach for generating these maps relies on brain responses evoked by a task and, despite known limitations, has dominated clinical practice for over 20years. Recently, pre-operative fMRI mapping based on correlations in spontaneous brain activity has been demonstrated, however this approach has its own limitations and has not seen widespread clinical use. Here we show that spontaneous and task-based mapping can be performed together using the same pre-operative fMRI data, provide complimentary information relevant for functional …

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Galantamine Attenuates Type 1 Diabetes And Inhibits Anti-Insulin Antibodies In Non-Obese Diabetic Mice, W. M. Hanes, P. S. Olofsson, K. Kwan, L. K. Hudson, S. S. Chavan, V. A. Pavlov, K. J. Tracey Jan 2015

Galantamine Attenuates Type 1 Diabetes And Inhibits Anti-Insulin Antibodies In Non-Obese Diabetic Mice, W. M. Hanes, P. S. Olofsson, K. Kwan, L. K. Hudson, S. S. Chavan, V. A. Pavlov, K. J. Tracey

Journal Articles

Type 1 diabetes in mice is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Disease pathogenesis involves invasion of pancreatic islets by immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, and production of antibodies to self-antigens, including insulin. Activation of the inflammatory reflex, the neural circuit that inhibits inflammation, culminates on cholinergic receptor signals on immune cells to attenuate cytokine release and inhibit B cell antibody production. Here, we show that galantamine, a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an activator of the inflammatory reflex, attenuates murine experimental type 1 diabetes. Administration of galantamine to animals immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin …

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Damp Signaling Is A Key Pathway Inducing Immune Modulation After Brain Injury, A. Liesz, A. Dalpke, E. Mracsko, D. J. Antoine, S. Roth, W. Zhou, H. Yang, P. P. Nawroth, K. J. Tracey, R. Veltkamp, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Damp Signaling Is A Key Pathway Inducing Immune Modulation After Brain Injury, A. Liesz, A. Dalpke, E. Mracsko, D. J. Antoine, S. Roth, W. Zhou, H. Yang, P. P. Nawroth, K. J. Tracey, R. Veltkamp, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Acute brain lesions induce profound alterations of the peripheral immune response comprising the opposing phenomena of early immune activation and subsequent immunosuppression. The mechanisms underlying this brain-immune signaling are largely unknown. We used animal models for experimental brain ischemia as a paradigm of acute brain lesions and additionally investigated a large cohort of stroke patients. We analyzed release of HMGB1 isoforms by mass spectrometry and investigated its inflammatory potency and signaling pathways by immunological in vivo and in vitro techniques. Features of the complex behavioral sickness behavior syndrome were characterized by homecage behavior analysis. HMGB1 downstream signaling, particularly with RAGE, …

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Regulation Of Post-Translational Modifications Of Hmgb1 During Immune Responses, B. Lu, Y. Tang, X. Zhao, D. Antoine, X. Xiao, H. Wang, U. Andersson, T. Billiar, K. J. Tracey Jan 2015

Regulation Of Post-Translational Modifications Of Hmgb1 During Immune Responses, B. Lu, Y. Tang, X. Zhao, D. Antoine, X. Xiao, H. Wang, U. Andersson, T. Billiar, K. J. Tracey

Journal Articles

SIGNIFICANCE: High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved and multi-functional protein. The biological function of HMGB1 depends on its cellular locations, binding partners, and redox states. Extracellular HMGB1 is a mediator of inflammation during infection or tissue injury. Immune cells actively release HMGB1 in response to infection, which in turn orchestrates both innate and adaptive immune responses. RECENT ADVANCES: Hyperacetylation of HMGB1 within its nuclear localization sequences mobilizes HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently promotes HMGB1 release. The redox states of the cysteines in position 23, 45 and 106 determine the biological activity of …

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A Unifying Principle Underlying The Extracellular Field Potential Spectral Responses In The Human Cortex, E. Podvalny, N. Noy, M. Harel, S. Bickel, G. Chechik, C. E. Schroeder, A. D. Mehta, M. Tsodyks, R. Malach Jan 2015

A Unifying Principle Underlying The Extracellular Field Potential Spectral Responses In The Human Cortex, E. Podvalny, N. Noy, M. Harel, S. Bickel, G. Chechik, C. E. Schroeder, A. D. Mehta, M. Tsodyks, R. Malach

Journal Articles

Electrophysiological mass potentials show complex spectral changes upon neuronal activation. However, it is unknown to what extent these complex band-limited changes are interrelated or, alternatively, reflect separate neuronal processes. To address this question, intracranial electrocorticograms (ECoG) responses were recorded in patients engaged in visuomotor tasks. We found that in the 10- to 100-Hz frequency range there was a significant reduction in the exponent chi of the 1/f(chi) component of the spectrum associated with neuronal activation. In a minority of electrodes showing particularly high activations the exponent reduction was associated with specific band-limited power modulations: emergence of a high gamma (80-100 …

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Neutrophil Trafficking In Pulmonary Inflammation: Monitoring Migration And Blockade With 111in-Labeled Leukocytes, C. Palestro, H. M. Linge, K. J. Nichols, K. Ochani, K. Bhargava, E. J. Miller Jan 2015

Neutrophil Trafficking In Pulmonary Inflammation: Monitoring Migration And Blockade With 111in-Labeled Leukocytes, C. Palestro, H. M. Linge, K. J. Nichols, K. Ochani, K. Bhargava, E. J. Miller

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Resident Endothelial Cells And Endothelial Progenitor Cells Restore Endothelial Barrier Function After Inflammatory Lung Injury, S. Z. Mao, X. B. Ye, G. Liu, D. M. Song, S. F. Liu Jan 2015

Resident Endothelial Cells And Endothelial Progenitor Cells Restore Endothelial Barrier Function After Inflammatory Lung Injury, S. Z. Mao, X. B. Ye, G. Liu, D. M. Song, S. F. Liu

Journal Articles

Objective Disruption of endothelial barrier integrity is a characteristic of many inflammatory conditions. However, the origin and function of endothelial cells (ECs) restoring endothelial barrier function remain unknown. This study defined the roles of resident ECs (RECs) and bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BMDEPCs) in endothelial barrier restoration after endotoxemic lung injury. Approach and Results We generated mice that enable to quantify proliferating RECs or BMDEPCs and also to study the causal link between REC or BMDEPC proliferation and endothelial barrier restoration. Using these mouse models, we showed that endothelial barrier restoration was associated with increased REC and BMDEPC proliferation. …

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Respiratory Failure With Hilar Mass: Role Of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration In The Medical Intensive Care Unit, A. Chichra, K. W. Lama, S. J. Koenig Jan 2015

Respiratory Failure With Hilar Mass: Role Of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration In The Medical Intensive Care Unit, A. Chichra, K. W. Lama, S. J. Koenig

Journal Articles

We report the case of a 58-year-old man on chronic steroid therapy, who developed a rapidly progressive right upper lobe infiltrate/mass that extended into the right hilum. Respiratory failure necessitated endotracheal intubation. Broad spectrum antibiotics were initiated without clinical improvement and because of his immunosuppressive therapy opportunistic pathogens were considered. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) was performed in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) with rapid onsite evaluation. Specimens obtained from the right hilar mass revealed organisms suspicious for cryptococcal infection, subsequently confirmed via a culture. No complications occurred during the EBUS procedure despite the patient requiring vasopressor support …

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A Review Of The Nonpressor And Nonantidiuretic Actions Of The Hormone Vasopressin, G. P. Mavani, M. V. Devita, M. F. Michelis Jan 2015

A Review Of The Nonpressor And Nonantidiuretic Actions Of The Hormone Vasopressin, G. P. Mavani, M. V. Devita, M. F. Michelis

Journal Articles

The pressor and antidiuretic actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) have been well documented. This review focuses on the less widely appreciated actions of AVP which also have important physiologic functions and when better understood may provide important insights into common disease states. These actions include effects on pain perception and bone structure as well as important relationships to the varied components of metabolic syndrome. These include effects on blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure. AVP may also play a role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and effect physiologic changes relating to aging, abnormal social behavior, and cognitive …

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"Saw-Tooth Sign" In Upper Airway Disorders - A Case Report, S. Sahni, A. Blood, S. Paulus, A. Talwar Jan 2015

"Saw-Tooth Sign" In Upper Airway Disorders - A Case Report, S. Sahni, A. Blood, S. Paulus, A. Talwar

Journal Articles

Spirometry flow-volume loop measurement is the screening test of choice to rule out obstructive lung diseases. Flow oscillations occasionally seen on flow volume loops, referred to as a "saw-tooth" sign, are thought to be due to an upper airway obstructive processes associated with upper airway collapsibility. Widely described in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, flow oscillations have also been linked to many other upper airway pathologies. The mechanism by which flow oscillations occur is centered on the inspiratory and expiratory flow of air. It has been theorized that the mechanism of flow oscillations result from rapid intermittent changes in driving pressure …

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Successful Pregnancy Outcome In Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (Pnh) Following Escalated Eculizumab Dosing To Control Breakthrough Hemolysis, R. Sharma, A. Keyzner, J. Liu, T. Bradley, S. L. Allen Jan 2015

Successful Pregnancy Outcome In Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (Pnh) Following Escalated Eculizumab Dosing To Control Breakthrough Hemolysis, R. Sharma, A. Keyzner, J. Liu, T. Bradley, S. L. Allen

Journal Articles

Pregnancy in women with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. There is limited published experience regarding therapy of PNH during pregnancy. We describe a case of a 30 year old female with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome and PNH. After two years of treatment with eculizumab, she became pregnant. She developed breakthrough hemolysis at 20 weeks gestation. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated a subtherapeutic eculizumab level with absence of complement blockade. Escalation of her eculizumab dose successfully controlled hemolysis and restored therapeutic eculizumab level and activity. She delivered a healthy baby at 36 weeks.

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Tubular Cell Phenotype In Hiv-Associated Nephropathy: Role Of Phospholipid Lysophosphatidic Acid, K. R. Ayasolla, P. Rai, S. Rahimipour, M. Hussain, A. Malhotra, P. C. Singhal Jan 2015

Tubular Cell Phenotype In Hiv-Associated Nephropathy: Role Of Phospholipid Lysophosphatidic Acid, K. R. Ayasolla, P. Rai, S. Rahimipour, M. Hussain, A. Malhotra, P. C. Singhal

Journal Articles

Collapsing glomerulopathy and microcysts are characteristic histological features of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). We have previously reported the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the development of glomerular and tubular cell phenotypes in HIVAN. Since persistent tubular cell activation of NF kappa B has been reported in HIVAN, we now hypothesize that HIV may be contributing to tubular cell phenotype via lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) mediated downstream signaling. Interestingly, LPA and its receptors have also been implicated in the tubular interstitial cell fibrosis (TIF) and cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Primary human proximal tubular cells (HRPTCs) were …

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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contribute To Apol1-Induced Podocyte Injury In Hiv Milieu, X. Lan, H. Wen, M. A. Saleem, J. Mikulak, A. Malhotra, K. Skorecki, P. C. Singhal Jan 2015

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contribute To Apol1-Induced Podocyte Injury In Hiv Milieu, X. Lan, H. Wen, M. A. Saleem, J. Mikulak, A. Malhotra, K. Skorecki, P. C. Singhal

Journal Articles

Clinical reports have demonstrated that higher rates of non-diabetic glomerulosclerosis in African Americans can be attributed to two coding sequence variants (G1 and G2) in the APOL1 gene; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Kidney biopsy data suggest enhanced expression of APOL1/APOL1 variants (Vs) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of renal vasculature. Since APOL1 is a secretory protein of relatively low molecular weight (41kDa), SMCs may be a contributory endocrine/paracrine source of APOL1 wild type (WT)/APOL1Vs in the glomerular capillary perfusate percolating podocytes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that an HIV milieu stimulated secretion of APOL1 …

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Vitamin D Receptor And Epigenetics In Hiv Infection And Drug Abuse, N. Chandel, A. Malhotra, P. C. Singhal Jan 2015

Vitamin D Receptor And Epigenetics In Hiv Infection And Drug Abuse, N. Chandel, A. Malhotra, P. C. Singhal

Journal Articles

Illicit drug abuse is highly prevalent and serves as a powerful co-factor for HIV exacerbation. Epigenetic alterations in drug abuse and HIV infection determine expression of several critical genes such as vitamin D receptor (VDR), which participates in proliferation, differentiation, cell death under both physiological and pathological conditions. On that account, active vitamin D, the ligand of VDR, is used as an adjuvant therapy to control infection, slow down progression of chronic kidney diseases, and cancer chemotherapy. Interestingly, vitamin D may not be able to augment VDR expression optimally in several instances where epigenetic contributes to down regulation of VDR; …

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Lps Down-Regulates Specificity Protein 1 Activity By Activating Nf-Kappab Pathway In Endotoxemic Mice, X. Ye, H. Liu, Y. S. Gong, S. F. Liu Jan 2015

Lps Down-Regulates Specificity Protein 1 Activity By Activating Nf-Kappab Pathway In Endotoxemic Mice, X. Ye, H. Liu, Y. S. Gong, S. F. Liu

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Specificity protein (Sp) 1 mediates the transcription of a large number of constitutive genes encoding physiological mediators. NF-kappaB mediates the expression of hundreds of inducible genes encoding pathological mediators. Crosstalk between Sp1 and NF-kappaB pathways could be pathophysiologically significant, but has not been studied. This study examined the crosstalk between the two pathways and defined the role of NF-kappaB signaling in LPS-induced down-regulation of Sp1 activity. METHODS AND MAIN FINDINGS: Challenge of wild type mice with samonelia enteritidis LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) down-regulated Sp1 binding activity in lungs in a time-dependent manner, which was concomitantly associated with an increased …

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Malignancies, Particularly B-Cell Lymphomas, Are A Frequent Cause Of Mortality In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients Despite Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, D. O. Griffin, M. Metzger, K. Poeth, K. Deng, A. Dharsee, J. C. Rico, J. Mcgowan Jan 2015

Malignancies, Particularly B-Cell Lymphomas, Are A Frequent Cause Of Mortality In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients Despite Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, D. O. Griffin, M. Metzger, K. Poeth, K. Deng, A. Dharsee, J. C. Rico, J. Mcgowan

Journal Articles

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals are affected by diseases at rates above those of their HIV-negative peers despite the increased life expectancy of the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. We followed a cohort of approximately 2000 HIV-1-infected patients for 5 years. The most frequent cause of death in this HIV-1-infected cohort was malignancy, with 39% of all classified deaths due to cancer. Among the cancer deaths, B-cell lymphomas were the most commonly seen malignancy, representing 34% of all cancer deaths. These lymphomas were very aggressive with a median survival ofdiagnosis.

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Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Clinicopathologic Features And Survival Outcomes In Asian Pacific Islanders Residing In The United States: A Seer Analysis, M. S. Hamid, R. Shameem, K. Gafoor, J. George, B. Mina, K. Sullivan Jan 2015

Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Clinicopathologic Features And Survival Outcomes In Asian Pacific Islanders Residing In The United States: A Seer Analysis, M. S. Hamid, R. Shameem, K. Gafoor, J. George, B. Mina, K. Sullivan

Journal Articles

Background. The objective of our study was to ascertain racial/ethnic disparities in Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes based on various tumor characteristics and treatment modalities. Method. SEER database identified invasive NSCLC cases from 2004 to 2010. Variables included American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 7, tumor grade, tumor size, histology, age, marital status, radiation, surgery, and reason for no surgery. The Kruskall-Wallis test and the Z test were used to examine differences between races/ethnicities and the referent, non-Hispanic white (NHW). Multivariate Cox proportional analyses were used to establish the weight of …

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An Overlapping Case Of Lupus Nephritis And Igg4-Related Kidney Disease, M. Zaarour, C. Weerasinghe, A. Eter, S. El-Sayegh, E. El-Charabaty Jan 2015

An Overlapping Case Of Lupus Nephritis And Igg4-Related Kidney Disease, M. Zaarour, C. Weerasinghe, A. Eter, S. El-Sayegh, E. El-Charabaty

Journal Articles

We report a case of a 71-year-old Filipino female who was admitted to the hospital for abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea of 8 days duration. The patient was found to have marked acute kidney injury (AKI), which required hemodialysis in the next 3 days. Extensive workup revealed hematuria, subnephrotic range proteinuria, elevated anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and elevated total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, with normal IgG4 and anti-dsDNA levels. On kidney biopsy, mild membranous glomerulonephritis was found, along with autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) with a "full-house" pattern of immune deposits. These findings were suggestive of lupus interstitial nephritis. However, IgG4+ plasma …

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Patient Considerations In The Management Of Ulcerative Colitis - Role Of Vedolizumab, M. Kothari, P. Mudireddy, A. Swaminath Jan 2015

Patient Considerations In The Management Of Ulcerative Colitis - Role Of Vedolizumab, M. Kothari, P. Mudireddy, A. Swaminath

Journal Articles

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease which causes inflammation of the large intestine and affects approximately 7.6-24.6 per 100,000 persons. The therapeutic goal for UC patients is inducing remission, maintaining remission, and ideally, obtaining mucosal healing. Vedolizumab, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2014 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC and Crohn's disease, is a newly developed anti-integrin therapy. This review focuses on the preclinical development of vedolizumab and data from early trials, and details the results of the landmark trails that led to its approval in the USA with a specific …

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Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, J. D. Douketis, A. C. Spyropoulos, S. Kaatz, R. C. Becker, J. A. Caprini, A. S. Dunn, D. A. Garcia, A. Jacobson, A. K. Jaffer, T. L. Ortel, +4 Additional Authors Jan 2015

Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, J. D. Douketis, A. C. Spyropoulos, S. Kaatz, R. C. Becker, J. A. Caprini, A. S. Dunn, D. A. Garcia, A. Jacobson, A. K. Jaffer, T. L. Ortel, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether bridging anticoagulation is necessary for patients with atrial fibrillation who need an interruption in warfarin treatment for an elective operation or other elective invasive procedure. We hypothesized that forgoing bridging anticoagulation would be noninferior to bridging with low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of perioperative arterial thromboembolism and would be superior to bridging with respect to major bleeding. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which, after perioperative interruption of warfarin therapy, patients were randomly assigned to receive bridging anticoagulation therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin (100 IU of dalteparin per kilogram of body weight) or …

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