Medical Specialties Commons^™

Toll Like Receptor (Tlr) Stimulation For Ocular Angiogenesis And Macular Degeneration, Jayakrishna Ambati

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Patents

Provided are methods and compositions for the treatment or prevention of ocular angiogenesis and neovascularization. Administration of stimulators of the TLR3 and TLR7 receptors, Trif or of IL-10 and IL-12 inhibits ocular angiogenesis. Furthermore, all siRNAs (both targeted and non-targeted) can inhibit ocular angiogenesis.

The Effects Of Test-Enhanced Learning On Long-Term Retention In Aan Annual Meeting Courses., Douglas P Larsen, Andrew C Butler, Wint Y Aung, John R Corboy, Deborah I Friedman, Michael R Sperling

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: We measured the long-term retention of knowledge gained through selected American Academy of Neurology annual meeting courses and compared the effects of repeated quizzing (known as test-enhanced learning) and repeated studying on that retention.

METHODS: Participants were recruited from 4 annual meeting courses. All participants took a pretest. This randomized, controlled trial utilized a within-subjects design in which each participant experienced 3 different postcourse activities with each activity performed on different material. Each key information point from the course was randomized in a counterbalanced fashion among participants to one of the 3 activities: repeated short-answer quizzing, repeated studying, and …

Mdr1 Sirna Loaded Hyaluronic Acid-Based Cd44 Targeted Nanoparticle Systems Circumvent Paclitaxel Resistance In Ovarian Cancer, Xiaoqian Yang, Arun K. Iyer, Amit Singh, Edwin Choy, Francis J. Hornicek, Mansoor M. Amiji, Zhenfeng Duan

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is an almost universal phenomenon in patients with ovarian cancer, and this severely limits the ultimate success of chemotherapy in the clinic. Overexpression of the MDR1 gene and corresponding P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the best known MDR mechanisms. MDR1 siRNA based strategies were proposed to circumvent MDR, however, systemic, safe, and effective targeted delivery is still a major challenge. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) targeted hyaluronic acid (HA) based nanoparticle has been shown to successfully deliver chemotherapy agents or siRNAs into tumor cells. The goal of this study is to evaluate the ability of …

Molecular Docking And Inhibition Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 By Novel Difluorinatedbenzylidene Curcumin Analog, Aamir Ahmad, Afreen Sayed, Kevin R. Ginnebaugh, Vivek Sharma, Anita Suri, Arundhati Saraph, Subhash Padhye, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Department of Pathology

We recently described the synthesis and characterization of a novel difluorinatedbenzylidene analog of curcumin, commonly referred as CDF, which demonstrated significantly enhanced bioavailability and in vivo anticancer activity. CDF targets many factors similar to curcumin, albeit with more potency, as reported previously. To further highlight this differential behavior of CDF, we chose matrix metalloproteinase protein MMP-2 which is involved in the processes of invasion and metastasis of human tumors. Both curcumin and CDF were characterized for their binding characteristics using in silico docking studies; they were also evaluated via biological assays involving gelatin zymography, miRNA analysis, invasion assays and ELISA. …

The Effect Of Active Video Games On The Heart Rate Of Older Adults, Yeon Bai, Shahla M. Wunderlich, Diane M. Hanel

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Heart rate is used as a health biomarker. This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of playing active video games on the heart rate of older adults, in comparison to the heart rate after common table recreational activity.

Methods: An experimental study with 40 participants was conducted: a control group (n=20) participated in common Pokeno® card games; an experimental group (n=20) played WiiTM bowling. The participants’ pre- and post-activity heart rates were measured and compared between and within groups using t-tests.

Results: The findings signified an 11.9% increase (p

Conclusions: The inclusion of active video games …

Novel Actions Of Next-Generation Taxanes Benefit Advanced Stages Of Prostate Cancer., Renée De Leeuw, Lisa D. Berman-Booty, Matthew J. Schiewer, Stephen J Ciment, Robert Den, Adam P. Dicker, William Kelly, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, Leonard G. Gomella, Karen E. Knudsen

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: To improve the outcomes of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there is an urgent need for more effective therapies and approaches that individualize specific treatments for patients with CRPC. These studies compared the novel taxane cabazitaxel with the previous generation docetaxel, and aimed to determine which tumors are most likely to respond.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cabazitaxel and docetaxel were compared via in vitro modeling to determine the molecular mechanism, biochemical and cell biologic impact, and cell proliferation, which was further assessed ex vivo in human tumor explants. Isogenic pairs of RB knockdown and control cells were interrogated in vitro …

Cmh Performs Its First Heart Transplant, Children's Mercy Hospital

Our Story Continues

Kansas City teen, Hannah Mountz, is first patient to undergo a pediatric heart transplant at the Ward Family Heart Center

Factors Affecting Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Survival In Adult Patients, Farid Khan, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Muhammad Ehsan Bari

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion remains the mainstay of treatment for hydrocephalus despite a high rate of complications. The predictors of shunt malfunction have been studied mostly in pediatric patients. In this study, we report our 11-year experience with VP shunts in adult patients with hydrocephalus. We also assess the various factors affecting shunt survival in a developing country setting.
Methods: A retrospective chart analysis was conducted for all adult patients who had undergone shunt placement between the years 2001 and 2011. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the duration from shunt placement to first malfunction and log-rank (Cox-Mantel) tests …

The Effect Of Caffeine On Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis Of Lung Cancer Cells, Gan Wang, Vanitha Bhoopalan, David Wang, Le Wang, Xiaoxin Xu

Institute for Environmental Health Sciences

Background: Cisplatin is an important DNA-damaging anticancer drug that has been used to treat many cancer types. However, the effectiveness of cisplatin treatment diminishes quickly as cancer cells develop resistance to the drug, which eventually results in treatment failure. Caffeine is an ingredient contained in many food sources. Caffeine can inhibit activities of both ATM and ATR, two important protein kinases involved in DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The effect of caffeine on cisplatin-based cancer treatment is not well known.

Methods: Caspase-3 activation and cell growth inhibition assays were used to determine the effect of caffeine …

Old School Still Has Merit: Ecg As A Marker Of Cardiac Recovery At Weaning From Mechanical Circulatory Support, Livia Adams Goldraich, Vivek Rao, Fillio Billia, Heather Joan Ross

The VAD Journal

In a case of acute cardiac allograft failure requiring temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS), serial electrocardiograms (ECG) denoted the degree of myocardial inflammation and damage caused by severe rejection and subsequent recovery. This case highlights the relevance of the ECG during temporary MCS and suggests that resolution of acute electrocardiographic abnormalities might be a marker of myocardial recovery to help guide appropriate timing for weaning from MCS in the setting of acute graft failure.

The Regulatory Function Of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Axis On Regulatory T Cells In Colorectal Cancer, Andrew V. Nguyen, Yuan-Yuan Wu, Elaine Y. Lin

Publications and Research

In tumors associated with inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), high numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are associated with both favorable and poor prognoses. The functions of Tregs in CRC remain elusive and have yet to be clearly defined. With new evidence supporting many subsets of Tregs, the research on the development and functions of these cells has begun to come to fruition. The sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) pathway was recently reported to regulate the development and function of regulatory T cells. This pathway may shine new light into the pleiotropic nature of these …

Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative: Design, Implementation, And Baseline Findings, Ali H. Mokdad, Katherine Elliott Colson, Paola Zuniga-Brenes, Diego Rios-Zertuche, Erin B. Palmisano, Catherine W. Gillespie, +27 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

Health has improved markedly in Mesoamerica, the region consisting of southern Mexico and Central America, over the past decade. Despite this progress, there remain substantial inequalities in health outcomes, access, and quality of medical care between and within countries. Poor, indigenous, and rural populations have considerably worse health indicators than national or regional averages. In an effort to address these health inequalities, the Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative (SM2015), a results-based financing initiative, was established.

Methods

For each of the eight participating countries, health targets were set to measure the progress of improvements in maternal and child health produced by …

Prostate Cancer And Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: Implications For Screening And Therapy., Colleen K Spees, Kelly J Kelleher, Ronney Abaza, Steven K Clinton

Oncology Articles

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with mutations in the TP53 gene and characterized by a propensity to develop a variety of malignancies resulting in a shortened lifespan. We report a case of prostate cancer in a 50 year old male with LFS. Experimental studies suggest that TP53 mutations in prostate cancer are associated with therapeutic resistance to radiation, chemotherapy, and anti-androgens, implying that LFS men may experience more aggressive cancer biology with implications for therapeutic decisions. The potential of prostate cancer to develop earlier in LFS favors institution of screening at earlier ages.

The Role Of Il-27 In Susceptibility To Post-Influenza Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia, Keven M. Robinson, Benjamin Lee, Erich V Scheller, Sivanarayana Mandalapu, Richard I. Enelow

Dartmouth Scholarship

Influenza is a common respiratory virus and Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes secondary pneumonia during influenza infection, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Influenza has been found to attenuate subsequent Type 17 immunity, enhancing susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. IL-27 is known to inhibit Type 17 immunity, suggesting a potential critical role for IL-27 in viral and bacterial co-infection.

Tsc2/Mtorc1 Signaling Controls Paneth And Goblet Cell Differentiation In The Intestinal Epithelium, Y. Zhou, Piotr G. Rychahou, Q. Wang, Heidi L. Weiss, B. Mark Evers

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Notch signaling is critical for the control of intestinal stem cell maintenance and differentiation. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the regulation of differentiation are not fully understood. Previously, we have shown that tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) positively regulates the expression of the goblet cell differentiation marker, MUC2, in intestinal cells. Using transgenic mice constitutively expressing a dominant negative TSC2 allele, we observed that TSC2 inactivation increased mTORC1 and Notch activities, and altered differentiation throughout the intestinal epithelium, with a marked …

Effectiveness Of Surgery For Lumbar Stenosis And Degenerative Spondylolisthesis In The Octogenarian Population: Analysis Of The Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (Sport) Data., Jeffrey A Rihn, Alan S Hilibrand, Wenyan Zhao, Jon D Lurie, Alexander Vaccaro, Md, Phd, Todd Albert, James Weinstein

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgery is an effective option for the treatment of stenosis of the lumbar spine and degenerative spondylolisthesis in the octogenarian population.

METHODS: An as-treated analysis of patients with lumbar stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis enrolled in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) was performed. Patients who were at least eighty years of age (n = 105) were compared with those younger than eighty years (n = 1130). Baseline patient and clinical characteristics were noted, and the difference in improvement from baseline between operative and nonoperative treatment was determined for each …

Efficacy Of Transoral Fundoplication Vs Omeprazole For Treatment Of Regurgitation In A Randomized Controlled Trial., John G. Hunter, Peter J. Kahrilas, Reginald C.W. Bell, Erik B. Wilson, Karim S. Trad, James P. Dolan, Kyle A. Perry, Brant K. Oelschlager, Nathaniel J. Soper, Brad E. Snyder, Miguel A. Burch, William Scott Melvin, Kevin M. Reavis, Daniel G. Turgeon, Eric S. Hungness, Brian S. Diggs

Surgery Faculty Publications

Background

The aim of this randomized, crossover study was to determine if transoral fundoplication (TF) could further improve clinical outcomes in partial responders to high-dose (HD) proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and to evaluate durability of TF.

Methods

In seven United States centers, patients with hiatal hernia ≤2 cm and abnormal esophageal acid exposure (EAE) were randomized to TF (n = 40) or HD PPIs (n = 23) group. At 6-month follow-up, PPI patients underwent crossover. We assessed clinical outcomes 6-month post TF in crossover patients (COP), as compared to 6-month of HD PPI therapy, and 12-month outcomes in patients initially …

Search Strategies Used By Older Adults In A Virtual Reality Place Learning Task, Rebecca L. Davis, Catherine Weisbeck

Peer Reviewed Articles

Purpose of the study: Older adults often have problems finding their way in novel environments such as senior living residences and hospitals. The purpose of this study was to examine the types of self-reported search strategies and cues that older adults use to find their way in a virtual maze

Design and Methods: Healthy, independently living older adults (n = 129) aged 55–96 were tested in a virtual maze task over a period of 3 days in which they had to repeatedly find their way to a specified goal. They were interviewed about their strategies on days 1 and 3. …

Enhancing Family Medicine Resident Knowledge And Care Of Patient With Low Health Literacy: An Inpatient Medicine Peer - Teaching Intervention, Ashwini Kamath Mulki

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

A Multifaceted Approach To Enhancing Medical Knowledge And Improving Board Examination Scores., Timothy M. Daly Do

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Department Of Surgery Update, February 2015, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A four page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains note about Margaret M. Dunn, M.D., being appointed dean of the Boonshoft School of medicine, a message from the chair, a list of important dates, a call for abstracts, scholarly activity and more.

Long Term Care Nurses' Knowledge And Perceived Competency Of Palliative Care, Carol Evans

Doctor of Nursing Practice Technical Reports

Background: Palliative care is considered a right for human beings. By 2040, it is estimated that 40% of the 65 years of age and older population in the United States will die in long term care (LTC) facilities. Because of the chronicity of the geriatric population’s medical conditions, the patients may require end-of-life (EOL) care. Numerous LTC facilities are located in rural areas which may create a disparity in the provision of quality EOL care.

Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized. The purpose of this study was to examine rural and urban nurses’ knowledge of palliative care and …

Active Brain Regions During Sleep Using Electroencephalography-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Grace Duan '15, Sameeksha Malhotra '15, Todd B. Parrish

Student Publications & Research

Purpose: To determine the differences in functional connectivity among brain regions during the different stages of the human sleep cycle.

Cytometric Characterization Of Circulating Tumor Cells Captured By Microfiltration And Their Correlation To The Cellsearch(®) Ctc Test., Daniel L Adams, Steingrimur Stefansson, Christian Haudenschild, Stuart S Martin, Monica Charpentier, Saranya Chumsri, Massimo Cristofanilli, Cha-Mei Tang, R Katherine Alpaugh

Pathology Faculty Publications

Recent studies reporting hundreds, to thousands, of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients have raised questions regarding the prevalence of CTCs, as enumerated by the CellSearch(®) CTC Test. Although CellSearch has been shown to consistently detect clinically relevant CTCs; the ability to only capture EpCAM positive cells has led to speculation that it captures limited subsets of CTCs. In contrast, alternative approaches to CTC isolation are often cited as capturing large numbers of CTCs from patient blood. Not surprisingly the number of cells isolated by alternative approaches show poor correlations when compared to CellSearch, even when …

Chiral Symmetry Breaking And Chiral Polarization: Tests For Finite Temperature And Many Flavors, Andrei Alexandru, Ivan Horváth

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

It was recently conjectured that, in SU(3) gauge theories with fundamental quarks, valence spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is equivalent to condensation of local dynamical chirality and appearance of chiral polarization scale Λ_ch. Here we consider more general association involving the low-energy layer of chirally polarized modes which, in addition to its width (Λ_ch), is also characterized by volume density of participating modes (Ω) and the volume density of total chirality (Ω_ch). Few possible forms of the correspondence are discussed, paying particular attention to singular cases where Ω emerges as the most versatile …

Francis Daniels Moore: One Of The Brightest Minds In The Surgical Field., Sara L. Low, Bs, Charles J. Yeo, Md, Scott W. Cowan, Md, Ashesh P. Shah, Md

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

Francis Daniels Moore was a pioneer ahead of his time who made numerous landmark contributions to the field of surgery, including the understanding of metabolic physiology during surgery, liver and kidney transplant, and the famous Study on Surgical Services of the United States (SOSSUS) report of 1975 that served for decades as a guideline for development of surgical residencies. He was the epitome of what a physician should be, a compassionate and dedicated surgeon, innovative scientist, and a medical professional dedicated to quality medical education across all specialties.

Vivien Thomas: Master Craftsman, Gifted Teacher, And Unsung Hero., Alisha Joyner, B.S., Charles J. Yeo, Md, Pinckney J. Maxwell, Iv, Md

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

The field of pediatric cardiovascular surgery gained international recognition in 1944 with the first successful correction of a tetralogy of Fallot congenital anomaly in a 15-month-old patient. Dr. Helen Taussig (1898 to 1986), a pediatrician at Johns Hopkins Hospital, recognized the need for the procedure. Dr. Alfred Blalock (1899 to 1964), Chief of Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, is credited with performing the surgery. However, there is an unsung hero who for many years did not receive a single mention in the medical literature. Vivien Thomas (1910 to 1985) was Dr. Blalock’s research assistant who is said to have stood …

The Artificial Divide Between Biomedical Sciences And Clinical Medicine In Undergraduate Medical Education, Abdul Rehman, Noor Ul-Ain Baloch, Muhammad Awais

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Open Letter On Shaken Baby Syndrome And Courts: A False And Flawed Premise, Bill Bache, Patrick Barnes, Beverly Beech, Flo Bellone, Thomas L. Bohan, Harry J. Bonnell, Marta Cohen, D. L. Contostavlos, Peter Dale, Lina Davidson, Steven Gabaeff, Horace Gardner, Margaret Gardner, Jean Golding, A. N. Guthkelch, Charles M. Harvey, Helen Hayward-Brown, John Hemming, John C. Hunsaker Iii, Charles Hyman, Jan Leestma, James Lefanu, John Lloyd, Marvin E. Miller, Catherine Mills, George R. Nichols Ii, Michael Nott, John Plunkett, Charles Pragnell, Jean Robinson, Robert K. Rothfeder, Irene Scheimberg, Ron Uscinski, Michael Weinraub, Ed Willey, R. K. Wright, Lynne Wrennall

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The Open Letter on Shaken Baby Syndrome and Courts has been prepared under the auspices of the International Public Health Research Group [IPHRG]. It was developed from initial drafts by Bill Bache and Charles Pragnell. Final drafting and editing was by Dr Lynne Wrennall, Executive Director of the International Public Health Research Group and the Managing Editor of Argument & Critique. The process of writing the letter has relied on the published research in the field, much of it, published research by the signatories to the letter. The process has also drawn on the iterative contribution of insights by the …

Oncolog, Volume 60, Number 02, February 2015, Sarah Bronson, Bryan Tutt, N. Danckers

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Natural Killer Cell Therapy May Augment Treatment of Hematological Cancers: Tough cancer treatments can severely weaken the body's natural ability to attack cancer cells. To improve immune recovery and function in patients who have undergone these treatments, especially those who may later receive a stem cell transplant, researchers are turning to natural killer cells that have been expanded in the laboratory.
• Concurrent Treatment of HIV and Cancer Improves Survival Outcomes: Concurrent HIV and cancer present special challenges in the clinic, regardless of which disease is diagnosed first. The simultaneous treatment of HIV and cancer is complicated by patients' weakened immune …