Medical Specialties Commons^™

Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (Dipnech) To Carcinoid: Exploring The Link, Jacob D. Mcfadden Msii, Jeffrey P. Baliff Md

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

Neuroendocrine cells (NECs) play important roles in normal lung development, autonomic regulation of lung function, and response to hypoxia or injury. They are located between the respiratory epithelium and the basement membrane of bronchi and bronchioles (below), often as single cells or small clusters.

NEC proliferation is a common pathologic occurrence, well established as a reactive response to chronic lung injury. Much less commonly, NEC proliferation is observed in the absence of apparent inciting factors. This neoplastic phenomenon is termed “diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia” (DIPNECH).

DIPNECH is recognized as a precursor lesion for carcinoid tumors. While the progression …

Ocular Manifestations Of Rosai-Dorfman Disease, Phoebe L. Mellen, B.S., Ralph C. Eagle Jr., M.D.

Department of Pathology Honors Program Student Research Symposium

History of Rosai-Dorfman Disease

In 1969, Dr. Juan Rosai and Dr. Ronald F. Dorfman reported four cases of an entity that previously had puzzled pathologists and clinicians. The four cases had failed to fit under any diagnosis, but shared a few common characteristics. Each patient presented with painless, massive lymphadenopathy, most commonly of the cervical lymph nodes¹. Other locations included the inguinal, intra-parotid, and axillary lymph nodes. The patients all presented with fever and leukocytosis¹. The differential diagnosis included malignant lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, reticuloendotheliosis, and chronic inflammation. However, the histopathological characteristics of the cases did not …

Cavin1; A Regulator Of Lung Function And Macrophage Phenotype., Praveen Govender, Freddy Romero, Dilip Shah, Jesus Paez, Shi-Ying Ding, Libin Liu, Adam Gower, Elizabeth Baez, Sherif Shawky Aly, Paul Pilch, Ross Summer

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Caveolae are cell membrane invaginations that are highly abundant in adipose tissue, endothelial cells and the lung. The formation of caveolae is dependent on the expression of various structural proteins that serve as scaffolding for these membrane invaginations. Cavin1 is a newly identified structural protein whose deficiency in mice leads to loss of caveolae formation and to development of a lipodystrophic phenotype. In this study, we sought to investigate the functional role of Cavin1 in the lung. Cavin1 deficient mice possessed dramatically altered distal lung morphology and exhibited significant physiological alterations, notably, increased lung elastance. The changes in distal lung …

A Home-Based Exercise Program For The Foot And Ankle To Improve Balance, Muscle Performance And Flexibility In Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study, Laurel Long, Kurt Jackson, Lloyd L. Laubach

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: Strength and range of motion of the foot and ankle have been shown to be related to measures of balance and fall risk in older adults. The primary purpose of this pilot investigation was to evaluate the feasibility of a 6-week home-based exercise program focusing on the foot and ankle and any associated changes in balance, muscle performance and range of motion in older adults. Methods: This single-group repeated measures study involved a convenience sample of 21 healthy communitydwelling older adults age 60-90. Nineteen participants completed all phases of the testing and training. The intervention was a …

Effects Of Perinatal Oxycodone Exposure On The Cardiovascular Response To Acute Stress In Male Rats At Weaning And In Young Adulthood, Thitinart Sithisarn, Henrietta S. Bada, Richard J. Charnigo, Sandra J. Legan, David C. Randall

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Oxycodone (OXY) is one of the most commonly abused opiates during pregnancy. Perinatal opiate exposure (POE) is associated with neurobehavioral and hormone changes. Little is known about the effects of perinatal OXY on the cardiovascular (CV) responses to stress.

Objectives: to determine the effects of POE on: (1) CV responses to acute stress and ability to discriminate using a classical conditioning paradigm; (2) changes in CV response to the paradigm and retention of the ability to discriminate from postnatal day (PD) 40 to young adulthood.

Methods: Pregnant rats were given i.v. OXY or vehicle (CON) daily. OXY and CON males …

The Nordinet® International Outcome Study And Novonet® Answer Program®: Rationale, Design, And Methodology Of Two International Pharmacoepidemiological Registry-Based Studies Monitoring Long-Term Clinical And Safety Outcomes Of Growth Hormone Therapy (Norditropin®)., Charlotte Höybye, Lars Sävendahl, Henrik Thybo Christesen, Peter Lee, Birgitte Tønnes Pedersen, Michael Schlumpf, John Germak, Judith Ross

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Randomized controlled trials have shown that growth hormone (GH) therapy has effects on growth, metabolism, and body composition. GH therapy is prescribed for children with growth failure and adults with GH deficiency. Carefully conducted observational study of GH treatment affords the opportunity to assess long-term treatment outcomes and the clinical factors and variables affecting those outcomes, in patients receiving GH therapy in routine clinical practice.

DESIGN: The NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) and the American Norditropin® Studies: Web Enabled Research (ANSWER Program®) are two complementary, non-interventional, observational studies that adhere to current guidelines for pharmacoepidemiological data.

PATIENTS: The studies …

The Effect Of Race/Ethnicity On The Age Of Colon Cancer Diagnosis, Matthew Katz, Maryann E. Parrish, Ellen Li, Yuanhao Zhang, Wei Zhu, Kenneth Shroyer, Roberto Bergamaschi, Jennie L. Williams

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Notably, racial/ethnic disparities exist in both incidence and mortality.

PURPOSE: The aim of this case study was to investigate the impact of race/ethnicity on age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a defined population in Suffolk County, NY.

METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected on race/ethnicity, health insurance status, age at diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, tumor location, and body mass index for colorectal cancer patients with medical records in the Stony Brook University Medical Center database (2005-2011). Population-based data on Hispanic …

Lessons Learned From Training Of Promotores De Salud For Obesity And Diabetes Prevention, Erica T. Sosa, Lesli Biediger-Friedman, Zenong Yin

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Promotores de Salud are impactful in reducing health disparities for Hispanic communities. The purpose of this paper is to present the training process and fidelity of study protocol implementation using a promotora model for community-based diabetes prevention.

Methods: Five Hispanic bilingual promotores were recruited from a Community Health Worker program and received intensive 30-hour promotora training on how to recruit participants, lead group sessions, and support participants making behavior changes. Evaluation of the training included a survey and focus group to assess promotores’ feedback, a post-training knowledge test to assess knowledge acquired during the training and an observational assessment …

To Re-Excise Or Not To Re-Excise: Positive Margins After Excision Of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers, Ramon Garza, Iii Md, Courtney Edwards Md, Bharat Ranganath Md, Nathan F. Miller Bs, Joshua M. Adkinson Md, Kirsten S. Bellucci Md, Robert X. Murphy Jr, Md, Ms

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Pharmacology And Clinical Potential Of Guanylyl Cyclase C Agonists In The Treatment Of Ulcerative Colitis., Giovanni M Pitari

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Agonists of the transmembrane intestinal receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) have recently attracted interest as promising human therapeutics. Peptide ligands that can specifically induce GCC signaling in the intestine include endogenous hormones guanylin and uroguanylin, diarrheagenic bacterial enterotoxins (ST), and synthetic drugs linaclotide, plecanatide, and SP-333. These agonists bind to GCC at intestinal epithelial surfaces and activate the receptor's intracellular catalytic domain, an event initiating discrete biological responses upon conversion of guanosine-5'-triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate. A principal action of GCC agonists in the colon is the promotion of mucosal homeostasis and its dependent barrier function. Herein, GCC agonists are …

A Study Of Small Rnas From Cerebral Neocortex Of Pathology-Verified Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Hippocampal Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Lobar Dementia, And Non-Demented Human Controls, Sébastien S. Hébert, Wang-Xia Wang, Qi Zhu, Peter T. Nelson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (20-22 nucleotides) regulatory non-coding RNAs that strongly influence gene expression. Most prior studies addressing the role of miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have focused on individual diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), making disease-to-disease comparisons impossible. Using RNA deep sequencing, we sought to analyze in detail the small RNAs (including miRNAs) in the temporal neocortex gray matter from non-demented controls (n = 2), AD (n = 5), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 4), hippocampal sclerosis of aging (n = 4), and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD) (n = 5) cases, together accounting for the most prevalent …

Functional And Quality-Of-Life Outcomes In Geriatric Patients With Type-Ii Dens Fracture., Alexander R Vaccaro, Christopher K Kepler, Branko Kopjar, Jens Chapman, Christopher Shaffrey, Paul Arnold, Ziya Gokaslan, Darrel Brodke, John France, Mark Dekutoski, Rick Sasso, S Tim Yoon, Christopher Bono, James Harrop, Michael G Fehlings

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Dens fractures are relatively common in the elderly. The treatment of Type-II dens fractures remains controversial. The aim of this multicenter prospective cohort study was to compare outcomes (assessed with use of validated clinical measures) and complications of nonsurgical and surgical treatment of Type-II dens fractures in patients sixty-five years of age or older.

METHODS: One hundred and fifty-nine patients with a Type-II dens fracture were enrolled in a multicenter prospective study. Subjects were treated either surgically (n = 101) or nonsurgically (n = 58) as determined by the treatment preferences of the treating physicians and the patients. The …

Self-Management And Self-Management Support On Chronic Low Back Patients In Primary Care, Jennifer Kawi

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

• Chronic low back pain (CLBP) afflicts 28.5% of adults costing $100-200 billion dollars.
• In response, the Institute of Medicine (2011) strongly recommended self-management (SM) to engage patients to care for themselves adequately.
• Healthcare professionals are also urged to provide effective self-management support (SMS) to empower patient’s ability to self-manage.
• SM and SMS have shown success in improving other chronic disease outcomes; current knowledge base are insufficient in non-malignant CLBP

Physically Interactive Games Increase Vo2 Above Resting Metabolic Rate, Shaelee Allen, Jacob E. Barkley, Janet Dufek, Paul Hafen, Michael Jarrett, Krystina Moschella, James Navalta, Robert Rietjens, Richard Tandy, Antonio Santo

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

The purpose of this study was to determine the energy cost, beyond resting metabolic rate (RMR), of playing select games on the Nintendo Wii for 30 contiguous minutes. Physically interactive games (i.e. Basic Run and Basic Step) increase energy expenditure above resting values compared to a sedentary game (Tanks!) and therefore may help individual’s become more active. Furthermore, Basic Run and Basic Step elicited MET values of 3.9 and 3.2, respectively, which is considered moderate-intensity exercise and could be used to meet daily recommendations for physical activity.

Coping With Pediatric Cancer: Conversational Methods Utilized By Parents And Children When Dealing With Pediatric Cancer, Chelsi Morgan Walls

Graduate Research Symposium (2010 - 2017)

This thesis sought to analyze how parents communicate with their child regarding pediatric cancer treatments. When dealing with pediatric cancer, it is vital that parents and their child communicate about the illness in order to effectively cope with the cancer. Using Uncertainty Management Theory, along with sub-concepts of the theory (i.e., appraisals, inferences, and illusions), this thesis sought to discover which coping mechanism (i.e., affect-management or buffering) would be chosen to manage the illness. Under UMT, appraisals were assessed, resulting in positive and negative appraisal, which indicated whether the individual handled the issue with either an inference based on general …

Holobiont Nutrition: Considering The Role Of The Gastrointestinal Microbiota In The Health Benefits Of Whole Grains, Jens Walter, Ines Martinez, Devin J. Rose

Food for Health: Publications

Intake of whole grains and other food products high in dietary fiber have long been linked to the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation. A contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota to these effects has been suggested, but little is known on how whole grains interact with gut bacteria. We have recently published the first human trial that made use of next-generation sequencing to determine the effect of whole grains (whole grain barley, brown rice or a mixture of the two) on fecal microbiota structure and tested for associations between the gut microbiota and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and …

Smooth Muscle Fascicular Reorientation Is Required For Esophageal Morphogenesis And Dependent On Cdo., Anthony I Romer, Jagmohan Singh, Satish Rattan, Robert S Krauss

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Postnatal maturation of esophageal musculature involves proximal-to-distal replacement of smooth muscle with skeletal muscle by elusive mechanisms. We report that this process is impaired in mice lacking the cell surface receptor Cdo and identify the underlying developmental mechanism. A myogenic transition zone containing proliferative skeletal muscle precursor cells migrated in a proximal-distal direction, leaving differentiated myofibers in its wake. Distal to the transition zone, smooth muscle fascicles underwent a morphogenetic process whereby they changed their orientation relative to each other and to the lumen. Consequently, a path was cleared for the transition zone, and smooth muscle ultimately occupied only the …

Alcohol And The Heart: To Abstain Or Not To Abstain?, Rajesh Movva, Md, Mrcp, Vincent M. Figueredo, M.D.

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Alcohol has been consumed by most societies over the last 7000 years. Abraham Lincoln said "It has long been recognized that the problems with alcohol relate not to the use of a bad thing, but to the abuse of a good thing." Light to moderate alcohol consumption reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, CHD mortality, and all-cause mortality, especially in the western populations. However, heavy alcohol consumption is detrimental causing cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatic cirrhosis, pancreatitis, and hemorrhagic stroke. In this article, we review the effects of alcohol on CHD, individual cardiovascular risk …

A Case Of Congenital Unilateral Absence Of The Vas Deferens, Bi Mo, Vishnu Garla, Lawrence M. Wyner M.D.

Surgery

Background

Congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens occurs in 0.5%–1.0% of males. It has been associated with various genitourinary abnormalities, including renal agenesis. We report a case of congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens found incidentally during vasectomy in a patient with known unilateral renal agenesis.

Case presentation

A 24-year-old male presented to our urology clinic requesting vasectomy. His past history was significant for left renal agenesis. Following successful right vasectomy, several attempts to locate the left vas deferens were unsuccessful. We diagnosed congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens. Follow-up semen analysis showed azoospermia.

Conclusion

As vasectomies …

Better Drug Therapy For The Children Of Africa: Current Impediments To Success And Potential Strategies For Improvement, Stuart M. Macleod, Janet K. Finch, William Macharia, Gabriel M. Anabwani

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

A commentary is presented on the urgent need for a comprehensive effort to improve the practice of pediatric therapeutics in Africa. A call for action is addressed to a variety of practitioners internationally, many of whom possess skills that could be fruitfully applied to the improvement of health outcomes for African children. Successful engagement with the many challenges requires the complementary effort of researchers in basic and clinical pharmacology and toxicology, nurses, pharmacists, physicians, clinical pharmacologists, clinical pharmacists, and political leaders and civil servants. While a comprehensive or systematic review of the relevant literature has not been attempted, the authors …

Comparison Study Of Airway Reactivity Outcomes Due To A Pharmacologic Challenge Test: Impulse Oscillometry Versus Least Mean Squared Analysis Techniques., Elena Rodriguez, Charrell M Bullard, Milena H Armani, Thomas L Miller, Thomas H Shaffer

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The technique of measuring transpulmonary pressure and respiratory airflow with manometry and pneumotachography using the least mean squared analysis (LMS) has been used broadly in both preclinical and clinical settings for the evaluation of neonatal respiratory function during tidal volume breathing for lung tissue and airway frictional mechanical properties measurements. Whereas the technique of measuring respiratory function using the impulse oscillation technique (IOS) involves the assessment of the relationship between pressure and flow using an impulse signal with a range of frequencies, requires less cooperation and provides more information on total respiratory system resistance (chest wall, lung tissue, and airways). …

Caveolar Fatty Acids And Acylation Of Caveolin-1, Qian Cai, Ling Guo, Haiqing Gao, Xiang-An Li

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Caveolae are cholesterol and sphingolipids rich subcellular domains on plasma membrane. Caveolae contain a variety of signaling proteins which provide platforms for signaling transduction. In addition to enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, caveolae also contain a variety of fatty acids. It has been well-established that acylation of protein plays a pivotal role in subcellular location including targeting to caveolae. However, the fatty acid compositions of caveolae and the type of acylation of caveolar proteins remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the fatty acids in caveolae and caveolin-1 bound fatty acids.

METHODS: Caveolae were isolated from Chinese hamster …

A Systematic Review Of Ptsd Prevalence And Trajectories In Dsm-5 Defined Trauma Exposed Populations: Intentional And Non-Intentional Traumatic Events, Patcho N. Santiago, Robert J. Ursano, Christine L. Gray, Robert S. Pynoos, David Spiegel, Roberto Lewis-Fernandez, Matthew Friedman, Carol S. Fullerton

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to explore the longitudinal course of PTSD in DSM-5-defined trauma exposed populations to identify the course of illness and recovery for individuals and populations experiencing PTSD.

Methods: We reviewed the published literature from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2010 for longitudinal studies of directly exposed trauma populations in order to: (1) review rates of PTSD in the first year after a traumatic event; (2) examine potential types of proposed DSM-5 direct trauma exposure (intentional and non-intentional); and (3) identify the clinical course of PTSD (early onset, later onset, chronicity, remission, …

Treatment Of Intractable Neurogenic Cough With Cricopharyngeal Myotomy, Anne Lee Durstenfeld, Bs, Joseph Spiegel, Md, Mauritis Boon, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Presentations and Grand Rounds

Objectives: Neuropathic cough that is incompletely responsive to medical therapy may be due to cricopharyngeal hypertonicity. The objective was to describe the utility of cricopharyngeal myotomy in alleviating symptoms of intractable neuropathic cough.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for three patients who underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy for intractable cough. Trigger phenomena, previous evaluation and treatment, and outcomes after surgery, namely patient perception of improvement and medication use after surgery, were assessed and documented.

Results: After cricopharyngeal myotomy, all three patients noted symptomatic improvement and were weaned off medication. Continued improvement was noted at follow …

A Review Of Nutritional Factors In Hypertension Management., Ha Nguyen, Olaide A Odelola, Janani Rangaswami, Aman Amanullah

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Its attendant morbidity and mortality complications have a great impact on patient's quality of life and survival. Optimizing blood pressure control has been shown to improve overall health outcomes. In addition to pharmacological therapies, nonpharmacological approach such as dietary modification plays an important role in controlling blood pressure. Many dietary components such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium have been studied substantially in the past decades. While some of these nutrients have clear evidence for their recommendation, some remain controversial and are still of ongoing study. Dietary modification is often discussed with patients …

Healthy Aging In Massachusetts: Reporting Indicators, Identifying Resources & Activating Allies, Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Ruth Palombo, Chae Man Lee, Kristina Turk

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

In Massachusetts, a Healthy Aging Collaborative comprised of a diverse group of stakeholders has been formed for multiple purposes: information sharing around healthy aging, idea generation, partnership building and activity mapping.

Planning For The Growing Older Population: Conducting Community Needs Assessments, Caitlin Coyle, Hayley Gravette, Jan Mutchler, Gerontology Institute, University Of Massachusetts Boston

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

Goals and Objectives: To describe the aging population of each community; To investigate the needs, interests and opinions of mature residents relating to their aging needs for age-related services in their respective communities; To provide recommendations to community partners and their stakeholders about how to create strong communities for older adults, based on needs assessment results; Generate reports and other documents to be used by the Department of Elder Services, other town offices, organizations that provide services, advocates, and community members.

Intracardiac Echocardiogram In Patient With Patent Foramen Ovale And Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hassam Saif Md, Shameer Ahmed Md, Bilal Ayub Md, Bryan W. Kluck Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Hyper-Arousal Decreases Human Visual Thresholds, Adam J. Woods, John W. Philbeck, Philip Wirtz

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

Arousal has long been known to influence behavior and serves as an underlying component of cognition and consciousness. However, the consequences of hyper-arousal for visual perception remain unclear. The present study evaluates the impact of hyper-arousal on two aspects of visual sensitivity: visual stereoacuity and contrast thresholds. Sixty-eight participants participated in two experiments. Thirty-four participants were randomly divided into two groups in each experiment: Arousal Stimulation or Sham Control. The Arousal Stimulation group underwent a 50-second cold pressor stimulation (immersing the foot in 0–2° C water), a technique known to increase arousal. In contrast, the Sham Control group immersed their …

Bortezomib (Ps-341) Treatment Decreases Inflammation And Partially Rescues The Expression Of The Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex In Grmd Dogs., Karla P C Araujo, Gloria Bonuccelli, Caio N Duarte, Thais P Gaiad, Dayson F Moreira, David Feder, José E Belizario, Maria A Miglino, Michael P Lisanti, Carlos E Ambrosio

Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) is a genetic myopathy corresponding to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in humans. Muscle atrophy is known to be associated with degradation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bortezomib treatment on the muscle fibers of GRMD dogs. Five GRMD dogs were examined; two were treated (TD- Treated dogs) with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, and three were control dogs (CD). Dogs were treated with bortezomib using the same treatment regimen used for multiple myeloma. Pharmacodynamics were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of 20S proteasome activity …