Medical Specialties Commons^™

Methods For Diagnosis, Prognosis And Treatment Of Primary And Metastatic Basal-Like Breast Cancer And Other Cancer Types, Partha S. Ray, Sanjay Bagaria, Xiaojiang Cui, Jinhua Wang

Technology Transfer - Patents

In one embodiment, a method of theranostic classification of a breast cancer tumor is provided, comprising obtaining a breast cancer tumor sample from a subject, detecting an expression level of FOXC1, comparing the expression level of FOXC1 to a predetermined cutoff level, and classifying the breast cancer tumor sample as belonging to a theranostic basal-like breast cancer tumor subtype or a theranostic hybrid basal-like breast cancer tumor subtype when the expression level of FOXC1 is higher than the predetermined cutoff level. In other embodiments, methods for predicting a prognosis of a basal-like breast cancer and methods of treating a basal-like …

Incidence And Management Of Rhinosinusitis After Complex Orbitofacial Reconstruction, Wiliam Parkes, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Presentations and Grand Rounds

Objective:

To discuss the incidence and management of rhinosinusitis after complex orbitofacial reconstruction.

Learner-Based Teaching In Hospice And Palliative Care, Paul D. Longenecker

Health and Sport Sciences Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Consistent Surgeon Evaluations Of Three-Dimensional Rendering Of Pet/Ct Scans Of The Abdomen Of A Patient With A Ductal Pancreatic Mass., Matthew E Wampole, John C Kairys, Edith P Mitchell, Martha L Ankeny, Mathew L Thakur, Eric Wickstrom

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Two-dimensional (2D) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) are used for diagnosis and evaluation of cancer patients, requiring surgeons to look through multiple planar images to comprehend the tumor and surrounding tissues. We hypothesized that experienced surgeons would consistently evaluate three-dimensional (3D) presentation of CT images overlaid with PET images when preparing for a procedure. We recruited six Jefferson surgeons to evaluate the accuracy, usefulness, and applicability of 3D renderings of the organs surrounding a malignant pancreas prior to surgery. PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT abdominal scans of a patient with a ductal pancreatic mass were segmented into 3D …

Role Of Endothelial To Mesenchymal Transition In The Pathogenesis Of The Vascular Alterations In Systemic Sclerosis., Sergio A Jimenez

Scleroderma Center Faculty Papers

The pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is extremely complex, and despite extensive studies, the exact mechanisms involved are not well understood. Numerous recent studies of early events in SSc pathogenesis have suggested that unknown etiologic factors in a genetically receptive host trigger structural and functional microvascular endothelial cell abnormalities. These alterations result in the attraction, transmigration, and accumulation of immune and inflammatory cells in the perivascular tissues, which in turn induce the phenotypic conversion of endothelial cells and quiescent fibroblasts into activated myofibroblasts, a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition or EndoMT. The activated myofibroblasts are the effector cells …

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Blocks Nitric Oxide-Mediated Alcohol-Stimulated Cilia Beating., Todd A. Wyatt, S . M. Wells, Z . A. Alsaidi, Jane M. Devasure, E. B. Klein, Kristina L. Bailey, Joseph H. Sisson

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

The airway epithelium is exposed to alcohol during drinking through direct exhalation of volatized ethanol from the bronchial circulation. Alcohol exposure leads to a rapid increase in the cilia beat frequency (CBF) of bronchial epithelial cells followed by a chronic desensitization of cilia stimulatory responses. This effect is governed in part by the nitric oxide regulation of cyclic guanosine and adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinases (PKG and PKA) and is not fully understood. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary disorders. We hypothesized that the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase …

Method For Enhancing Specific Immunotherapies In Cancer Treatment, Peter G. Traber, William L. Redmond, Eliezer Zomer, Anatole Klyosov, Stefanie N. Linch

Technology Transfer - Patents

Methods and compositions of the invention relate to the enhancement of specific immunotherapies in cancer treatment. In particular, aspects of the invention relate to novel approaches to boost immune function using a complex carbohydrate pharmaceutical compound alone or in combination with other targeted immunotherapy to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy of cancer.

Adolescence, Violence, And Public Health, Joav Merrick, Isack Kandel, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Perspectives Of Older Adults On Co-Management Of Low Back Pain By Doctors Of Chiropractic And Family Medicine Physicians: A Focus Group Study., Kevin J Lyons, Stacie A Salsbury, Maria A Hondras, Mark E Jones, Andrew A Andresen, Christine M Goertz

Department of Medical Genetics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: While older adults may seek care for low back pain (LBP) from both medical doctors (MDs) and doctors of chiropractic (DCs), co-management between these providers is uncommon. The purposes of this study were to describe the preferences of older adults for LBP co-management by MDs and DCs and to identify their concerns for receiving care under such a treatment model.

METHODS: We conducted 10 focus groups with 48 older adults who received LBP care in the past year. Interviews explored participants' care seeking experiences, co-management preferences, and perceived challenges to successful implementation of a MD-DC co-management model. We analyzed …

A Study On The Geophylogeny Of Clinical And Environmental Vibrio Cholerae In Kenya, J. Kiiru, A. Mutreja, A. A. Mohamed, R. W. Kimani, J. Mwituria, R. O. Sanaya, J. Muyodi, Gunturu Revathi, J. Parkhill, N. Thomson, G. Dougan, S. Kariuki

Pathology, East Africa

Cholera remains a significant public health challenge in many sub-Saharan countries including Kenya. We have performed a combination of phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis based on whole genome DNA sequences derived from 40 environmental and 57 clinical V. cholerae from different regions of Kenya isolated between 2005 and 2010. Some environmental and all clinical isolates mapped back onto wave three of the monophyletic seventh pandemic V. cholerae El Tor phylogeny but other environmental isolates were phylogenetically very distinct. Thus, the genomes of the Kenyan V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates are clonally related to other El Tor V. cholerae isolated elsewhere …

Leukemia-Associated Rhogef (Larg) Is A Novel Rhogef In Cytokinesis And Required For The Proper Completion Of Abscission., Matthew K Martz, Elda Grabocka, Neil Beeharry, Timothy J Yen, Philip B Wedegaertner

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Proper completion of mitosis requires the concerted effort of multiple RhoGEFs. Here we show that leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG), a RhoA-specific RGS-RhoGEF, is required for abscission, the final stage of cytokinesis, in which the intercellular membrane is cleaved between daughter cells. LARG colocalizes with α-tubulin at the spindle poles before localizing to the central spindle. During cytokinesis, LARG is condensed in the midbody, where it colocalizes with RhoA. HeLa cells depleted of LARG display apoptosis during cytokinesis with unresolved intercellular bridges, and rescue experiments show that expression of small interfering RNA-resistant LARG prevents this apoptosis. Moreover, live cell imaging of LARG-depleted …

G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (Grk2) Is Localized To Centrosomes And Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor-Promoted Centrosomal Separation., Christopher H So, Allison Michal, Konstantin E Komolov, Jiansong Luo, Jeffrey L Benovic

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) play a central role in regulating receptor signaling, but recent studies suggest a broader role in modulating normal cellular functions. For example, GRK5 has been shown to localize to centrosomes and regulate microtubule nucleation and cell cycle progression. Here we demonstrate that GRK2 is also localized to centrosomes, although it has no role in centrosome duplication or microtubule nucleation. Of interest, knockdown of GRK2 inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated separation of duplicated centrosomes. This EGFR/GRK2-mediated process depends on the protein kinases mammalian STE20-like kinase 2 (Mst2) and Nek2A but does not involve polo-like kinase …

Comparison Of Hpv Dna Testing In Cervical Exfoliated Cells And Tissue Biopsies Among Hiv-Positive Women In Kenya, Hugo De Vuyst, Michael Chung, Lacopo Baussano, Nelly R. Mugo, Vanessa Tenet, Folkert J. Van Kemenade, Farzana S. Rana, Samah R. Sakr, Chris J.L.M. Meijer, Peter J.F. Snijders, Silvia Franceschi

Pathology, East Africa

HIV-positive women are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) (especially with multiple types), and develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer more frequently than HIV-negative women. We compared HPV DNA prevalence obtained using a GP5+/6+ PCR assay in cervical exfoliated cells to that in biopsies among 468 HIV-positive women from Nairobi, Kenya. HPV prevalence was higher in cells than biopsies and the difference was greatest in 94 women with a combination normal cytology/normal biopsy (prevalence ratio, PR = 3.7; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.4-5.7). PR diminished with the increase in lesion severity (PR in 58 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial …

Palliative Care For The Medically Complex Child, Melanie Anspacher, Neha H. Shah

E-Learning Modules

**From the AAMC website: Contains time-sensitive information that will likely be inaccurate, obsolete, or irrelevant by August 12, 2016**

Children with special health care needs are increasingly prevalent in US hospitals. The pediatric hospitalist is often the primary provider of inpatient care for these patients. The Complex Care Curriculum was developed to provide a multi-modal educational curriculum for providers with the overall goal of improving inpatient care for this population. The curriculum is composed primarily of a series of topic-specific learning modules. This particular resource was created to provide pediatricians with educational materials related to palliative care for the medically …

Inhibition Of Fas-Associated Death Domain-Containing Protein (Fadd) Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In A Heart Failure Mouse Model., Qian Fan, Zheng M Huang, Matthieu Boucher, Xiying Shang, Lin Zuo, Henriette Brinks, Wayne Bond Lau, Jianke Zhang, J Kurt Chuprun, Erhe Gao

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

AIM: As technological interventions treating acute myocardial infarction (MI) improve, post-ischemic heart failure increasingly threatens patient health. The aim of the current study was to test whether FADD could be a potential target of gene therapy in the treatment of heart failure.

METHODS: Cardiomyocyte-specific FADD knockout mice along with non-transgenic littermates (NLC) were subjected to 30 minutes myocardial ischemia followed by 7 days of reperfusion or 6 weeks of permanent myocardial ischemia via the ligation of left main descending coronary artery. Cardiac function were evaluated by echocardiography and left ventricular (LV) catheterization and cardiomyocyte death was measured by Evans blue-TTC …

Noise-Induced Tinnitus Using Individualized Gap Detection Analysis And Its Relationship With Hyperacusis, Anxiety, And Spatial Cognition, Edward Pace, Jinsheng Zhang

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Research Publications

Tinnitus has a complex etiology that involves auditory and non-auditory factors and may be accompanied by hyperacusis, anxiety and cognitive changes. Thus far, investigations of the interrelationship between tinnitus and auditory and non-auditory impairment have yielded conflicting results. To further address this issue, we noise exposed rats and assessed them for tinnitus using a gap detection behavioral paradigm combined with statistically-driven analysis to diagnose tinnitus in individual rats. We also tested rats for hearing detection, responsivity, and loss using prepulse inhibition and auditory brainstem response, and for spatial cognition and anxiety using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. We …

Impact Of Social Franchising On Contraceptive Use When Complemented By Vouchers: A Quasi-Experimental Study In Rural Pakistan, Syed Khurram Azmat, Babar Tasneem Shaikh, Waqas Hameed, Ghulam Mustafa, Wajahat Hussain, Jamshaid Asghar, Muhammad Ishaque, Aftab Ahmed, Mohsina Bilgrami

Community Health Sciences

Background: Pakistan has had a low contraceptive prevalence rate for the last two decades; with preference for natural birth spacing methods and condoms. Family planning services offered by the public sector have never fulfilled the demand for contraception, particularly in rural areas. In the private sector, cost is a major constraint. In 2008, Marie Stopes Society - a local NGO started a social franchise programme along with a free voucher scheme to promote uptake of IUCDs amongst the poor. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of this approach, which is designed to increase modern long term contraceptive awareness and use in …

Neuroprotective Effect Of Arctigenin Via Upregulation Of P-Creb In Mouse Primary Neurons And Human Sh-Sy5y Neuroblastoma Cells., Nan Zhang, Qingping Wen, Lu Ren, Wenbo Liang, Yang Xia, Xiaodan Zhang, Dan Zhao, Dong Sun, Yv Hu, Haiguang Hao, Yaping Yan, Guangxian Zhang, Jingxian Yang, Tingguo Kang

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Arctigenin (Arc) has been shown to act on scopolamine-induced memory deficit mice and to provide a neuroprotective effect on cultured cortical neurons from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration through mechanisms not completely defined. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of Arc on H89-induced cell damage and its potential mechanisms in mouse cortical neurons and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We found that Arc prevented cell viability loss induced by H89 in human SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, Arc reduced intracellular beta amyloid (Aβ) production induced by H89 in neurons and human SH-SY5Y cells, and Arc also inhibited the presenilin 1(PS1) protein level in neurons. In addition, …

Vitamin B12 Supplementation In Trea Ting Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ehsan Ullah Syed, Mohammad Wasay, Safia Awan

Department of Medicine

Recent literature has identified links between vitamin B12 deficiency and depression. We compared the clinical response of SSRI-monotherapy with that of B12-augmentation in a sample of depressed patients with low normal B12 levels who responded inadequately to the first trial with the SSRIs. Methods: Patients with depression and low normal B12 levels were randomized to a control arm (antidepressant only) or treatment arm (antidepressants and injectable vitamin B12 supplementation). Results: A total of 199 depressed patients were screened. Out of 73 patients with low normal B12 levels 34 (47%) were randomized to the treatment group while 39 (53%) …

Molecular Signatures In Urologic Tumors, Spencer Larkin, Natasha Kyprianou

Surgery Faculty Publications

Urologic tumors continue to represent a huge fraction of cancer cases in the United States, with over 376,310 estimated new diagnoses in 2013. As with many types of tumors, urologic tumors vary greatly in their phenotype, ranging from minimally invasive to malignancies possessing great metastatic potential. The increasing need for more efficient and less invasive methods of cancer detection, as well as the ability to predict severity of the disease phenotype is readily evident--yet reliable methods remain elusive in a clinical setting today. Comprehensive panels of gene clusters are being developed toward the generation of molecular signatures in order to …

Creg Promotes The Proliferation Of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Through The Erk/Cyclin E Signaling Pathway., Jie Tao, Chenghui Yan, Xiaoxiang Tian, Shaowei Liu, Yang Li, Jian Zhang, Mingyu Sun, Xinliang Ma, Yaling Han

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a recently discovered secreted glycoprotein involved in homeostatic modulation. We previously reported that CREG is abundantly expressed in the adult vascular endothelium and dramatically downregulated in atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, CREG participates in the regulation of apoptosis, inflammation and wound healing of vascular endothelial cells. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of CREG on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms. Overexpression of CREG in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was obtained by infection with adenovirus carrying CREG. HUVEC proliferation was investigated …

Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty Increase Hospital Burden., Vinay K Aggarwal, Eric H Tischler, Zachary D Post, Ian Kane, Fabio R Orozco, Alvin Ong

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: More than 3 million people in the United States have atrial fibrillation, most of whom are being managed with anticoagulation therapy for life. The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of chronic anticoagulation therapy on patients with atrial fibrillation who undergo total joint arthroplasty.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing aseptic primary or revision total joint arthroplasty at our facility from March 2007 to August 2011. One hundred and sixty-one patients with atrial fibrillation (Group A) were compared with 161 matched controls (Group B). A total of 112 hips and 210 knees underwent 239 …

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Exotoxin Y-Mediated Tau Hyperphosphorylation Impairs Microtubule Assembly In Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells, Ron Balczon, Nutan Prasain, Cristhiaan Ochoa, Jason Prater, Bing Zhu, Mikhail Alexeyev, Sarah Sayner, Dara W. Frank, Troy Stevens

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a type III secretion system to introduce the adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase exotoxin Y (ExoY) into the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. ExoY induces Tau hyperphosphorylation and insolubility, microtubule breakdown, barrier disruption and edema, although the mechanism(s) responsible for microtubule breakdown remain poorly understood. Here we investigated both microtubule behavior and centrosome activity to test the hypothesis that ExoY disrupts microtubule dynamics. Fluorescence microscopy determined that infected pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells contained fewer microtubules than control cells, and further studies demonstrated that the microtubule-associated protein Tau was hyperphosphorylated following infection and dissociated from microtubules. Disassembly/reassembly studies determined that …

Patient Safety In The Cardiac Operating Room: Human Factors And Teamwork: A Scientific Study From The American Heart Association, Joyce A. Wahr, Richard L. Prager, J. H. Abernathy Iii, Elizabeth A. Martinez, Eduardo Salas, Patricia C. Seifert, Robert C. Groom, Bruce D. Spiess, Bruce E. Searles, Thoralf M. Sundt Iii, Juan A. Sanchez, Scott A. Shappell, Michael H. Culig, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, David C. Fitzgerald, Vinod H. Thourani, Pirooz Eghtesady, John S. Ikonomidis, Michael R. England, Frank W. Selke, Nancy A. Nussmeier

Publications

The cardiac surgical operating room (OR) is a complex environment in which highly trained subspecialists interact with each other using sophisticated equipment to care for patients with severe cardiac disease and significant comorbidities. Thousands of patient lives have been saved or significantly improved with the advent of modern cardiac surgery. Indeed, both mortality and morbidity for coronary artery bypass surgery have decreased during the past decade. Nonetheless, the highly skilled and dedicated personnel in cardiac ORs are human and will make errors. Refined techniques, advanced technologies, and enhanced coordination of care have led to significant improvements in cardiac surgery outcomes.

Department Of Surgery Update, September 2013, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A two page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, scholarly activity and more.

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 15 No. 5 (September/October 2013), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Resistance Of Human Cytomegalovirus To Cyclopropavir Maps To A Base Pair Deletion In The Open Reading Frame Of Ul97, Brian G. Gentry, Laura E. Vollmer, Ellie D. Hall, Katherine Z. Borysko, Jiri Zemlicka, Jeremy P. Kamil, John C. Drach

Oncology Faculty Publications

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen in the human population, affecting many immunologically immature and immunocompromised patients, and can result in severe complications, such as interstitial pneumonia and mental retardation. Current chemotherapies for the treatment of HCMV infections include ganciclovir (GCV), foscarnet, and cidofovir. However, the high incidences of adverse effects (neutropenia and nephrotoxicity) limit the use of these drugs. Cyclopropavir (CPV), a guanosine nucleoside analog, is 10-fold more active against HCMV than GCV (50% effective concentrations [EC₅₀s] = 0.46 and 4.1 μM, respectively). We hypothesize that the mechanism of action of CPV is similar to that …

Peripheral Laser Iridoplasty Opens Angle In Plateau Iris By Thinning The Cross-Sectional Tissues, Ji Liu, Tania Lamba, David A. Belyea

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Plateau iris syndrome has been described as persistent angle narrowing or occlusion with intraocular pressure elevation after peripheral iridotomy due to the abnormal plateau iris configuration. Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) is an effective adjunct procedure to treat plateau iris syndrome. Classic theory suggests that the laser causes the contraction of the far peripheral iris stroma, "pulls" the iris away from the angle, and relieves the iris-angle apposition. We report a case of plateau iris syndrome that was successfully treated with ALPI. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography confirmed the angle was open at areas with laser treatment but remained appositionally …

Neonatal Neurobehavioral Abnormalities And Mri Brain Injury In Encephalopathic Newborns Treated With Hypothermia, Maya B. Coleman, Penny Glass, Judy Brown, Nadja Kadom, Tammy Tsuchida, Joseph Scafidi, Taeun Chang, Gilbert Vezina, An Nguyen Massaro

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a prominent cause of infant mortality and neurodevelopmental disability. Hypothermia is an effective neuroprotective therapy for newborns with encephalopathy. Post-hypothermia functional–anatomical correlation between neonatal neurobehavioral abnormalities and brain injury findings on MRI in encephalopathic newborns has not been previously described.

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between neonatal neurobehavioral abnormalities and brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in encephalopathic newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

Study design

Neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) referred for therapeutic hypothermia were prospectively enrolled in this observational study. Neurobehavioral functioning was assessed with the NICU network neurobehavioral scale (NNNS) performed …

Cyclin D1 Determines Estrogen Signaling In The Mammary Gland In Vivo., Mathew C Casimiro, Chenguang Wang, Z Li, Gabriele Disante, Nicole E Willmart, Sankar Addya, Lei Chen, Yang Liu, Michael P. Lisanti, Richard Pestell

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The CCND1 gene, which is frequently overexpressed in cancers, encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein. Although it is known that cyclin D1 regulates estrogen receptor (ER)α transactivation using heterologous reporter systems, the in vivo biological significance of cyclin D1 to estrogen-dependent signaling, and the molecular mechanisms by which cyclin D1 is involved, are yet to be elucidated. Herein, genome-wide expression profiling conducted of 17β-estradiol-treated castrated virgin mice deleted of the Ccnd1 gene demonstrated that cyclin D1 determines estrogen-dependent gene expression for 88% of estrogen-responsive genes in vivo. In addition, expression profiling of 17β-estradiol-stimulated cyclin …