Medical Specialties Commons^™

Combination Of Necroptosis And Apoptosis Inhibition Enhances Cardioprotection Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury., Shizuka Koshinuma, Masami Miyamae, Kazuhiro Kaneda, Junichiro Kotani, Vincent M. Figueredo

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Necroptosis has been proposed as a mode of cell death that is a caspase-independent programmed necrosis. We investigated whether necroptosis is involved in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated guinea pig hearts and, if so, whether simultaneous inhibition of necroptosis and apoptosis confers enhanced cardioprotection.

METHODS: Isolated perfused guinea pig hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 4 h reperfusion (control = CTL, n = 8). Necrostatin-1 (necroptosis inhibitor, 10 μM), Z-VAD (apoptosis inhibitor, 0.1 μM) and both inhibitors were administered starting 5 min before ischemia and during the initial 30 min of reperfusion (Nec, Z-VAD, Nec + Z-VAD; …

Hot Topics In Education, Michael Hartman

Faculty Works: AHS (2004-2023)

Presented at Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography Annual Conference (2013) in Las Vegas, NV

Fn14•Trail Effectively Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth., Alexandra Aronin, Shira Amsili, Tatyana B Prigozhina, Kobi Tzdaka, Jacob Rachmilewitz, Noam Shani, Mark L Tykocinski, Michal Dranitzki Elhalel

Department of Medical Genetics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: New strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are needed, given that currently available chemotherapeutics are inefficient. Since tumor growth reflects the net balance between pro-proliferative and death signaling, agents shifting the equilibrium toward the latter are of considerable interest. The TWEAK:Fn14 signaling axis promotes tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis, while TRAIL:TRAIL-receptor (TRAIL-R) interactions selectively induce apoptosis in malignant cells. Fn14•TRAIL, a fusion protein bridging these two pathways, has the potential to inhibit tumor growth, by interfering with TWEAK:Fn14 signaling, while at the same time enforcing TRAIL:TRAIL-R-mediated apoptosis. Consequently, Fn14•TRAIL's capacity to inhibit HCC growth was tested. …

A Preliminary Report Of Percutaneous Craniofacial Osteoplasty In A Rat Calvarium., William Parkes, Jewel Greywoode, Brian J O'Hara, Ryan N. Heffelfinger, Howard Krein

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential for injectable, permanent bone augmentation by assessing the biocompatability and bioactivity of subperiosteal hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) deposition in a rat model.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal model METHODS: Fourteen adult Sprague Dawley rats were injected in the parietal skull with 0.2 ml of hydroxylapatite (10 animals) or a carrier gel control (4 animals), using a subperiosteal injection technique on the right and a subcutaneous injection technique on the left. At 1, 3, and 6 months, 3 rats (1 negative control, 2 variables) were sacrificed and calvaria were harvested. At 12 months, the remaining 5 rats were …

Marijuana: Current Concepts, Donald E. Greydanus, Elizabeth K. Hawver, Megan M. Greydanus, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Marijuana (cannabis) remains a controversial drug in the twenty-first century. This paper considers current research on use of Cannabis sativa and its constituents such as the cannabinoids. Topics reviewed include prevalence of cannabis (pot) use, other drugs consumed with pot, the endocannabinoid system, use of medicinal marijuana, medical adverse effects of cannabis, and psychiatric adverse effects of cannabis use. Treatment of cannabis withdrawal and dependence is difficult and remains mainly based on psychological therapy; current research on pharmacologic management of problems related to cannabis consumption is also considered. The potential role of specific cannabinoids for medical benefit will be revealed …

Snapin, Positive Regulator Of Stimulation- Induced Ca(2+) Release Through Ryr, Is Necessary For Hiv-1 Replication In T Cells., Shigemi M Kinoshita, Amane Kogure, Shizuka Taguchi, Garry P Nolan

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

To identify critical host factors necessary for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication, large libraries of short-peptide-aptamers were expressed retrovirally. The target of one inhibitor peptide, Pep80, identified in this screen was determined to be Snapin, a protein associated with the soluble N-ethyl maleimide sensitive factor adaptor protein receptor (SNARE) complex that is critical for calcium-dependent exocytosis during neurotransmission. Pep80 inhibited Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores and blocked downstream signaling by direct interruption of the association between Snapin and an intracellular calcium release channel, the ryanodine receptor (RyR). NFAT signaling was preferentially abolished by Pep80. Expression of Snapin overcame Pep80-mediated …

Lactobacillus Acidophilus Alleviates Platelet-Activating Factor-Induced Inflammatory Responses In Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Alip Borthakur, Sumit Bhattacharyya, Anoop Kumar, Arivarasu Natarajan Anbazhagan, Joanne K. Tobacman, Pradeep K. Dudeja

Clinical & Translational Sciences

Probiotics have been used as alternative prevention and therapy modalities in intestinal inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pathophysiology of IBD and NEC includes the production of diverse lipid mediators, including platelet-activating factor (PAF) that mediate inflammatory responses in the disease. PAF is known to activate NF-kB, however, the mechanisms of PAF-induced inflammation are not fully defined. We have recently described a novel PAF-triggered pathway of NF-κB activation and IL-8 production in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), requiring the pivotal role of the adaptor protein Bcl10 and its interactions with CARMA3 and MALT1. The current studies …

Igf-Ir Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth By Stabilizing Α5Β1 Integrin Protein Levels., Aejaz Sayeed, Carmine Fedele, Marco Trerotola, Kirat K Ganguly, Lucia R Languino

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Dynamic crosstalk between growth factor receptors, cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix is essential for cancer cell migration and invasion. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that bind extracellular matrix proteins and enable cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. They also mediate signal transduction to regulate cell proliferation and survival. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) mediates tumor cell growth, adhesion and inhibition of apoptosis in several types of cancer. We have previously demonstrated that β1 integrins regulate anchorage-independent growth of prostate cancer (PrCa) cells by regulating IGF-IR expression and androgen receptor-mediated transcriptional functions. Furthermore, we have recently reported that IGF-IR …

Validation Of Verbal Autopsy Tool For Ascertaining The Causes Of Stillbirth, Sidrah Nausheen, Sajid B. Soofi, Kamran Sadiq, Atif Habib, Ali Turab, Zamir Suhag, Zaid Bhatti, Imran Ahmed, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Zahid Memon, Rajiv Bahl, M. Imran Khan, Shireen Bhutta

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To assess performance of the WHO revised verbal autopsy tool for ascertaining the causes of still birth in comparison with reference standard cause of death ascertained by standardized clinical and supportive data.
Methods: All stillbirths at a tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan were prospectively recruited into study from August 2006- February 2008. The reference standard cause of death was established by two senior obstetricians within 48 hours using the ICD coding system. Verbal autopsy interviews using modified WHO tool were conducted by trained health workers within 2- 6 weeks of still birth and the cause of death …

Firesetting In Childhood And Adolescence, Joav Merrick, Carrie Howell Bowling, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Fire is intriguing and therefore something that will attract a curious child from an early age.

In 2010, the United States fire department responded to 44,900 fires started by someone, usually a child, playing with fire. These fires caused 90 civilian deaths, 890 civilian injuries, and $210 million in direct property damage. Preschoolers and kindergartners are most likely to start these fires, while playing with matches or lighters and most likely to die in these fires. Most fire-play …

Silencing Synuclein At The Synapse With Plk2, Brendan D. Looyenga, Patrik Brundin

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

An Assessment Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) In Us Blood Donors And Recipients: No Detectable Hev Rna In 1939 Donors Tested And No Evidence For Hev Transmission To 362 Prospectively Followed Recipients., Chenyu Xu, Richard Y. Wang, Cathy A. Schechterly, Shengxiang Ge, James W. Shih, Ning-Shao Xia, Naomi L. Luban, Harvey J. Alter

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has become relevant to blood transfusion practice because isolated cases of blood transmission have been reported and because HEV has been found to cause chronic infection and severe liver disease in immunocompromised patients.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:

We tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibodies to the HEV and for HEV RNA in 1939 unselected volunteer US blood donors. Subsequently, we tested the same variables in pre- and serial posttransfusion samples from 362 prospectively followed blood recipients to assess transfusion risk.

RESULTS:

IgG anti-HEV seroprevalence in the total 1939 donations was 18.8%: 916 of …

Human Sexuality And Adolescence, Joav Merrick, Ariel Tenenbaum, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Conditional Mesd (Mesoderm Development) Allele For Functional Analysis Of The Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Family In Defined Tissues, Andrew V. Taibi, Janet K. Lighthouse, Richard C. Grady, Kenneth R. Shroyer, Bernadette Holdener

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

The Low-density lipoprotein receptor-Related Protein (LRP) family members are essential for diverse processes ranging from the regulation of gastrulation to the modulation of lipid homeostasis. Receptors in this family bind and internalize a diverse array of ligands in the extracellular matrix (ECM). As a consequence, LRPs regulate a wide variety of cellular functions including, but not limited to lipid metabolism, membrane composition, cell motility, and cell signaling. Not surprisingly, mutations in single human LRPs are associated with defects in cholesterol metabolism and development of atherosclerosis, abnormalities in bone density, or aberrant eye vasculature, and may be a contributing factor in …

Meditation: Should A Cardiologist Care?, Stephen Olex, Andrew B. Newberg, Md, Vincent M. Figueredo, M.D.

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Meditation refers to a family of practices that may share many similarities, but can have differences in underlying methods and goals. Religious and spiritual associations are common but are not requisite for meditation practice and it should be recognized that the basis of many if not all practices is the training of the brain and body, a process that appears to have profound effects on both structure and function. In recent decades there has been interest regarding the effects of these ancient practices on the cardiovascular system, as meditation has intuitive appeal for benefit in this area. Though there is …

Developmental Genes Targeted For Epigenetic Variation Between Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Children, Carmen J. Marsit, Devin C. Koestler, Debra Watson-Smith, Charlotte M. Boney

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Epigenetic mechanisms are thought to be critical in mediating the role of the intrauterine environment on lifelong health and disease. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare condition wherein fetuses share the placenta and develop vascular anastomoses, which allow blood to flow between the fetuses. The unequal flow results in reciprocal hypo- and hypervolemia in the affected twins, striking growth differences and physiologic adaptations in response to this significant stressor. The donor twin in the TTTS syndrome can be profoundly growth restricted and there is likely a nutritional imbalance between the twins. The consequences of TTTS on fetal programming …

The Advanced Practice Nurse And Patient-Centered Medical Home: Maintaining Patient Focus, Meeting The Institute For Healthcare Improvement Triple Aim Through The Electronic Health Record, Aileen Teresa Twomey

Seton Hall University DNP Final Projects

The Federal Government enacted the Heath Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) in 2009, which incentivized providers to use electronic health records (EHR) for meaningful use (MU); the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) stems from the Act. Research by the National Council on Quality Assurance (NCQA) shows that primary care practices have a positive influence on the health of patients, families and communities. These positive influences are related to their ability to deliver first-contact access, and to develop long-term therapeutic relationships that focus on the person rather than the disease, improving patient health outcomes and reducing health care …

Predictors Of Perioperative Blood Loss In Total Joint Arthroplasty., Jai Hyung Park, Mohammad R Rasouli, S M Javad Mortazavi, Anthony T Tokarski, Mitchell G Maltenfort, Javad Parvizi

Rothman Institute Papers

UNLABELLED: UPDATE The print version of this article has errors that have been corrected in the online version of this article. In the Materials and Methods section, the sentence that reads as "During the study period, our institution offered preoperative autologous blood donation to all patients who were scheduling for total joint arthroplasty with a hemoglobin level of no less than 11 mg/dL or a hematocrit level of at least 33%." in the print version now reads as "During the study period, our institution offered preoperative autologous blood donation to all patients who were scheduling for total joint arthroplasty with …

Defining The Vulnerable Period For Re-Establishment Of Clostridium Difficile Colonization After Treatment Of C. Difficile Infection With Oral Vancomycin Or Metronidazole, Venkata C.K. Sunkesula, Sirisha Kundrapu, Robin L. Jump, Curtis J. Donskey

Faculty Scholarship

Background:Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that is the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea in developed countries. A significant proportion of patients receiving oral vancomycin or metronidazole for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) develop recurrences. However, the period of vulnerability to re-establishment of colonization by C. difficile after therapy is not well defined.Principal Findings:In a prospective study of CDI patients, we demonstrated that most vancomycin-treated patients maintained inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin in stool for 4 to 5 days after therapy, whereas metronidazole was only detectable during therapy. From the time of elimination of the antibiotics to 14 …

Recommendations For High-Priority Research On Cancer-Related Fatigue In Children And Adults., Andrea M. Barsevick, Michael R. Irwin, Pamela Hinds, Andrew Miller, Ann Berger, Paul Jacobsen, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Bryce B Reeve, Karen Mustian, Ann O'Mara, Jin-Shei Lai, Michael Fisch, David Cella

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Over the past decades, some scientific progress has been made in understanding and treating cancer-related fatigue (CRF). However, three major problems have limited further progress: lack of agreement about measurement, inadequate understanding of the underlying biology, and problems in the conduct of clinical trials for CRF. This commentary reports the recommendations of a National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting and an ongoing National Cancer Institute working group to address these problems so that high-priority research and clinical trials can be conducted to advance the science of CRF and its treatment. Recommendations to address measurement issues included revising the current …

Department Of Surgery Update, Acs Special Edition, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue features images from an event for the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and lists the ACS Fellow for that year.

Com Outlook Fall 2013, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Second Messenger/Signal Transduction Pathways In Major Mood Disorders: Moving From Membrane To Mechanism Of Action, Part Ii: Bipolar Disorder, Mark Niciu, Dawn F. Ionescu, Daniel C. Matthews, Erica M. Richards, Carlos A. Zarate

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The etiopathogenesis and treatment of major mood disorders have historically focused on modulation of monoaminergic (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) and amino acid [γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate] receptors at the plasma membrane. Although the activation and inhibition of these receptors acutely alter local neurotransmitter levels, their neuropsychiatric effects are not immediately observed. This time lag implicates intracellular neuroplasticity as primary in the mechanism of action of antidepressants and mood stabilizers. The modulation of intracellular second messenger/signal transduction cascades affects neurotrophic pathways that are both necessary and sufficient for monoaminergic and amino acid–based treatments. In this review, we will discuss the evidence in …

The Pertinence Of Maternal Education On Child Immunization In Rural Uttarakhand: More Than Just Increased Rates, Sarah Banerji

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Child immunization rates in India continue to remain low, despite the 1985 implementation of a Universal Immunization Program that provides free basic immunizations to all children. There are numerous logistical factors that contribute to the low rates of immunization, but rates are made further worse by a lack of parental awareness and education about immunization, especially in village communities. This study examines the maternal understanding of immunization in rural Uttarakhand, both in villages in which an NGO has been working to improve maternal immunization education and in villages with no NGO involvement. It finds a positive correlation between increased immunization …

The Perception Of Maternal Anemia And The Effect Of Nutritional Education: A Qualitative Analysis Among Village Mothers In Rural Kumaon, Uk, Kelsey Bash

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Malnutrition is often associated with starving children in developing countries. However, while calorie and protein deficiencies—macronutrient deficiencies—are a cause for concern, micronutrient deficiencies can be equally detrimental and are even more pervasive. The most prevalent micronutrient deficiency is anemia, and the story of anemia in India is particularly grim. India has the largest number of anemic people in the world and severe anemia is the cause of death for an average of 22,000 Indians each year (The Micronutrient Initiative 2006). Anemia rates are exacerbated for women and even more so for pregnant women. According to the most recent National Family …

Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) In Madagascar: A Case Study Of A Neglected Tropical Disease, Sarah Grace Sawyer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Over 50% of Madagascar’s population is infected with intestinal or urinary schistosomiasis (Rollinson et al., 2012). The disease slowly debilitates infected persons, who are frequently children, resulting in lower productivity and reduced learning in school-age children. The disease involves a vicious cycle perpetuated by a number of environmental, psychological, and social factors. A multifaceted approach, involving mass treatment, biological control, environmental control, education, and disease surveillance, can lead to schistosomiasis control and elimination in Madagascar. This would yield many socio-economic benefits such as increased productivity, increased school attendance rates, and generally better welfare. Schistosomiasis is the most burdensome and deadly …

Department Of Surgery Update, October 2013, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, scholarly activity and more.

Plan B Topic: Annotated Resource List, Payton Roberts

Undergraduate Research Award

No abstract provided.

Vest Chest Physiotherapy Airway Clearance Is Associated With Nitric Oxide Metabolism., Joseph H. Sisson, Todd A. Wyatt, Jacqueline A. Pavlik, Pawanjit S. Sarna, Peter J. Murphy

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Background. Vest chest physiotherapy (VCPT) enhances airway clearance in cystic fibrosis (CF) by an unknown mechanism. Because cilia are sensitive to nitric oxide (NO), we hypothesized that VCPT enhances clearance by changing NO metabolism. Methods. Both normal subjects and stable CF subjects had pre- and post-VCPT airway clearance assessed using nasal saccharin transit time (NSTT) followed by a collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analyzed for NO metabolites (NO x ). Results. VCPT shorted NSTT by 35% in normal and stable CF subjects with no difference observed between the groups. EBC NO x concentrations decreased 68% in control subjects after …

Gsk-3Β Function In Bone Regulates Skeletal Development, Whole-Body Metabolism, And Male Life Span, J. R. Gillespie, J. R. Bush, G. I. Bell, L. A. Aubrey, H. Dupuis, F. Ferron, B. Kream, G. Dimattia, S. Patel, J. R. Woodgett, G. Karsenty, D. A. Hess, F. Beier

Paediatrics Publications

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is an essential negative regulator or “brake” on many anabolic-signaling pathways including Wnt and insulin. Global deletion of GSK-3β results in perinatal lethality and various skeletal defects. The goal of our research was to determine GSK-3β cell-autonomous effects and postnatal roles in the skeleton. We used the 3.6-kb Col1a1 promoter to inactivate the Gsk3b gene (Col1a1-Gsk3b knockout) in skeletal cells. Mutant mice exhibit decreased body fat and postnatal bone growth, as well as delayed development of several skeletal elements. Surprisingly, the mutant mice display decreased circulating glucose and insulin levels despite normal expression of …